HE  FULGORIDAE,  OR  PLANT- HOPPERS  OF 

MISSISSIPPI,  INCLUDING  THOSE  OF 

POSSIBLE  OCCURRENCE 


UC-NRLF 


B    3    371    S7h 


A  TAXONOMIC,  BIOLOGICAL,  ECOLOGICAL 
AND  ECONOMIC  STUDY 


1928 


DISSERTATION 


PRESENTED  IN  PARTIAL  FULFILLMENT  OF  THE  REQUIREMENTS  FOR 
THE   DEGREE   OF   DOCTOR   OF   PHILOSOPHY   IN  THE   GRAD- 
UATE SCHOOL  OF  THE  OHIO  STATE  UNIVERSITY 


VERS'TY  ] 


BY 


HERBERT  LAWRENCE  DOZIER,  B.  S.,  M.  S. 


THE  OHIO  STATE  UNIVERSITY 
1922 


EXCHANGE 


THE  FULGORIDAE  OR  PLANT-HOPPERS  OF 

MISSISSIPPI,  INCLUDING  THOSE  OF 

POSSIBLE  OCCURRENCE 


A  TAXONOMIC,  BIOLOGICAL,  ECOLOGICAL 
AND  ECONOMIC  STUDY 


DISSERTATION 

PRESENTED  IN  PARTIAL  FULFILLMENT  OF  THE  REQUIREMENTS  FOR 
THE    DEGREE    OF    DOCTOR    OF    PHILOSOPHY    IN   THE    GRAD- 
UATE SCHOOL  OF  THE  OHIO  STATE  UNIVERSITY 


BY 

HERBERT  LAWRENCE  DOZIER,  B.  S.,  M.  S. 


THE  OHIO  STATE  UNIVERSITY 
1922 


BIOLOGT 

LIBRARY 

G 


EXCHANGI 


AUTOBIOGRAPHY 

I,  HERBERT  LAWRENCE  DOZIER,  was  born  in  Wilming- 
ton, North  Carolina,  June  24,  1895.  I  received  all  of  my 
secondary  school  education  in  the  public  and  high  schools 
of  the  city  of  Columbia,  South  Carolina;  the  first  year  of  my 
undergraduate  work  was  spent  at  Clemson  A.  &  M.  College 
of  South  Carolina ;  the  remaining  years  at  the  University  of 
South  Carolina  from  which  institution  I  received  the  Degree 
of  Bachelor  of  Science  in  1915.  After  working  six  months 
as  Field  Assistant  with  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Entomology 
field  station  at  Columbia,  South  Carolina,  I  accepted  an 
Assistantship  in  Entomology  at  the  Florida  Agricultural 
Experiment  Station.  During  this  period  half  of  my  time 
was  spent  in  Station  duties  and  the  remainder  in  the  Gradu- 
ate School  of  the  University  of  Florida  from  which  institu- 
tion I  received  the  Degree  of  Master  of  Science  in  June, 
1917.  I  then  worked  with  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Entomology 
as  Scientific  Assistant  in  South  Carolina  and  Arizona. 
From  June,  1918,  to  August,  1919,  was  spent  in  service, 
mostly  overseas,  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  The  sessions  of  1919- 
20  and  1921-22  were  spent  as  a  University  Fellow  in  Entom- 
ology at  the  Ohio  State  University  as  a  candidate  for  the 
Degree  of  Doctor  .of  Philosophy.  From  June,  1920,  to  Sep- 
tember 15,  1921,  was  spent  as  Assistant  Entomologist  of 
the  State  Plant  Board  of  Mississippi. 


684677 


MISSISSIPPI  AGRICULTURAL 
EXPERIMENT  STATION 


Technical  Bulletin  No.  14     >    • 


THE  FULGORID^E  • 

or  Plant-Hoppers  of  Mississippi,  Including 
Those  of  Possible  Occurrence 


A  Taxonomic,  Biological,  Ecological,  and  Economic  Study 


By  Herbert  L.  Dozier,  Ph.  D. 


Fig.  1 — Adult  Scolops  perdix  Uhler 


Mississippi  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 

A.  &  M.  COLLEGE,  MISSISSIPPI 

J.  R.  RICKS,  Director 

December,  1926 


The  Fulgoridae  or  Plant-Hoppers  of  Mis- 
sissippi, Including  Those  of  Possible  Oc- 
currence; a  Taxonomic,  Biological, 
Ecological,  and  Economic  Study vw^'; 

By  Herbert  L.  Dozier,  Ph.  D. 


INTRODUCTION 

Kirkaldy  has  called  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  genus 
Fulgora  was  erected  by  Linnaeus  in  1767  (Syst.  Nat., 
Ed.  12,  Tom.  I,  703),  and  the  type  was  fixed  by  Sulzer  in 
1776  (Algek.  Gesch.  Ins.  85),  as  europaea  Linn.  This  being 
the  earliest  genus  and  type,  the  super-family  and  the  family 
take  their  names  from  it.  The  erection  of  the  Family 
Fulgoridae  is  credited  to  Latreille  in  1807. 

While  the  Membracids  have  the  prothorax  developed  into 
many  curious  and  odd  shapes,  in  Fulgorids  the  head  has 
undergone  widely  varied  development.  In  both  groups,  this 
specialization  into  odd  shapes  and  forms  seems  to  have  no 
definite  or  known  purpose  other  than  that  of  possible  pro- 
tection and  mimicry. 

The  family  is  remarkable  for  certain  exotic  forms  which 
it  contains.  Among  these  may  be  mentioned  the  great 
Lantern-fly  of  South  America  and  the  strange  Candle-flies 
of  China  and  the  East  Indies.  The  fact  that  some  of  the 
species  were  supposed  to  be  phosphorescent  has  given  the 
name  of  Lantern-flies  to  members  of  the  family.  However, 
none  of  our  native  species  are  phosphorescent  and  for  them 
at  least  this  name  is  a  misnomer.  A  better  name,  as  sug- 
gested by  Prof.  Z.  P.  Metcalf,  would  be  that  of  Plant- 
hoppers. 

Members  of  this  family  reach  their  highest  development 
in  oddness  of  shape  and  more  highly  colored  forms  in  the 
tropics.  A  great  many  of  these  insects  have  the  curious 
faculty  of  excreting  large  quantities  of  a  whitish  flocculent 
wax.  We  find  this  capacity  greatly  developed  in  the  tropi- 


*  Contribution  from  the  Dept.  of  Zoology  and  Entomology  of  the  Ohio  State  University 
and  the  State  Plant  Board  of  Mississippi. 

3 


cal  American  genus  Phenax,  the  members  of  which  fly 
about  with  large  masses  of  this  waxy  substance  several 
times  as  long  as  themselves.  Larvae  of  a  maggot-like 
nature  are  frequently  found  hidden  in  the  wax  of  the  living 
Fulgorids  of  this  genus. 

•I  {  /  I^th^forbii  ,6f  body  the  various  genera  differ  so  greatly 

. ,  tjia,t,  if  .only  superficially  examined,  they  appear  to  have 

:*\:  \  vjeibf  -littfe  in.  io'mnion.   Some  of  them  resemble  very  much 

small  butterflies  and  moths  and  others  might  easily  be 

mistaken  for  neuropterous  insects.    The  nymphs  are  often 

totally  different  in  appearance  from  the  adults. 

All  are  vegetable  feeders  and  are  found  on  the  under- 
sides of  the  leaves  and  along  the  stems  of  various  herba- 
ceous plants,  shrubs  and  trees,  sucking  the  juices,  prefer- 
ably from  the  larger  veins  or  ribs. 

The  average  student  and  even  the  professional  ento- 
mologist knows  little  or  practically  nothing  about  the  Ful- 
goridae  and  the  relative  systematic  position  of  its  mem- 
bers. This  is  due  primarily  to  the  insufficient  and  widely 
scattered  literature  on  the  subject,  which  is  generally  not 
readily  accessible  to  the  ordinary  worker.  When  the  latter 
is  so  fortunate  as  to  obtain  access  to  the  original  reference 
it  is  usually  only  to  find  that  it  is  in  Latin,  French  or 
German. 

Early  in  his  work  upon  Fulgoridae  it  became  evident 
to  the  writer  that  a  faunistic  study  of  the  group  together 
with  uniform  keys  and  descriptions  would  be  a  welcome 
addition.  A  knowledge  of  the  systematics  of  a  group 
is  essential  before  one  can  work  out  the  economic  status 
and  the  ecological  relationships  of  its  members.  It  is  also 
necessary  to  know  what  forms  occur  within  a  State  and 
their  relative  abundance. 

The  material  used  for  this  treatise  consisted  of  the 
large  private  collection  of  Prof.  Herbert  Osborn,  kindly 
placed  at  my  disposal,  and  a  large  amount  of  material 
collected  by  the  writer  in  South  Carolina,  Florida  and  Mis- 
sissippi. While  employed  by  the  State  Plant  Board  of 
Mississippi,  from  June  15,  1920,  to  September  15,  1921, 
opportunity  was  offered  to  do  representative  and  intensive 
collecting  and  many  notes  were  taken  of  food  plants  and 
ecological  habitats. 

4 


The  paper  includes  all  of  the  species  definitely  known 
and  those  that  are  at  all  likely  to  occur  within  our  terri- 
tory. It  is  only  a  beginning,  however,  and  without  doubt 
many  new  and  interesting  forms  are  yet  to  be  discovered 
and  described. 

To  bring  together  in  convenient  form  the  widely 
scattered  descriptions,  I  have  given  a  rather  full  descrip- 
tion of  each  species  that  occurs  in  this  region.  I  have 
drawn  freely  upon  the  original  published  sources,  where 
these  have  been  satisfactory,  and  have  abbreviated,  ampli- 
fied or  otherwise  modified  these  as  the  conditions  required, 
after  examining,  where  possible,  large  series  of  specimens 
many  of  which  were  types  and  paratypes.  In  a  few  cases 
actual  specimens  were  not  available  and  in  these  the  de- 
scription is  drawn  up  from  the  original  to  conform  with 
the  others.  The  keys  are  intended  only  for  the  forms  known 
to  inhabit  the  Southern  United  States. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

The  writer  wishes  to  acknowledge  here  his  great  in- 
debtedness to  Prof.  Herbert  Osborn,  of  the  Ohio  State 
University,  under  whose  supervision  and  direction  this 
work  has  been  done.  Credit  is  due  him  for  constant  advice 
and  assistance  and  especially  for  the  placing  of  many  of  his 
records  and  his  entire  private  library  and  collections,  the 
latter  containing  many  type  specimens,  at  my  disposal.  To 
Prof.  R.  W.  Earned,  he  is  much  indebted  for  arrangement 
of  the  work  in  such  a  manner  as  to  make  varied  and  repre- 
sentative collecting  possible.  To  Dr.  E.  D.  Ball  and  W.  L. 
McAtee  the  writer  wishes  to  express  appreciation  for  the 
kind  courtesies  and  help  they  have  extended  him  in  the 
examination  of  type  and  other  material.  Mr.  George  Ainslie 
has  kindly  given  the  writer  some  valuable  distribution 
records  from  his  Tennessee  and  Florida  collected  material. 
The  writer  also  wishes  to  thank  Dr.  Raymond  C.  Osburn 
and  W.  L.  McAtee  for  their  kindness  in  carefully  reading 
and  criticizing  the  manuscript.  L.  Chester  Marston,  Jr.,  of 
the  Delaware  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  made  figures 
9,  17,  18  and  20.  To  these  and  all  others  who  in  any  way 
have  assisted  him  in  the  completion  of  this  work,  the  writer 
hereby  expresses  his  sincere  thanks. 

5 


ECONOMIC  STATUS 

The  superfamily  Fulgoroidea  while  of  much  economic 
importance  in  the  warmer  tropical  portions  of  the  World 
contains  only  a  few  really  important  pests  in  this  country. 
The  total  damage  caused  by  these  insects,  however,  is 
without  doubt  not  fully  appreciated  and  given  due  con- 
sideration by  most  entomologists.  Only  those  who  under- 
take an  intensive  study  of  these  small  insects,  some  of  which 
are  very  minute,  realize  how  capable  they  are  of  inflicting 
serious  economic  losses. 

Plant  hoppers  suck  their  nourishment  from  the  leaves 
and  stems  of  plants  in  the  form  of  sap,  often  unnoticed, 
until  the  leaves  begin  to  wither,  curl  and  distort,  then  be- 
come discolored  and  die.  The  sap  is  pumped  out  by  means 
of  a  long  beak  or  sucking-tube  that  by  means  of  the  man- 
dibular  setae  or  piercing  organs  is  capable  of  penetrating 
even  very  hard  and  tough  tissues. 

The  Sugar  Cane  Leaf -hopper,  Perkinsiella  saccharicida, 
is  a  rather  serious  pest  of  sugar  cane  and  at  one  time 
threatened  the  entire  crop  in  Hawaii.  This  insect  does 
not  occur  in  North  America  fortunately  but  is  widely  dis- 
tributed over  the  tropics.  It  is  remarkable  in  that  it  has 
the  power  of  stridulation,  something  unknown  in  other 
members  of  the  family. 

Perhaps  the  two  species  that  do  most  damage  in  the 
United  States  are  the  Corn  Delphacid,  Peregrinus  maidis, 
and  the  Cranberry  Toad  Bug,  Phylloscelis  atra.  The  latter 
does  considerable  damage  to  the  cranberry  bogs  of  the  states 
of  New  York  and  New  Jersey.  Peregrinus  maidis  causes 
decided  injury  to  young  corn  plants  in  the  Southern  States, 
especially  in  Florida. 

The  life-histories  of  both  of  these  insects  have  been  well 
worked  up  but  very  little  is.  known  about  the  life  history 
and  habits  of  the  other  members  of  the  family. 

CHARACTERIZATION 

The  family  Fulgoridae  may  be  briefly  characterized  as  follows: — 
Ocelli  two  (rarely  three  or  entirely  absent),  placed  below  the  eyes  or 
near  the  eyes,  very  variable  in  form  but  generally  reniform,  usually 
in  cavities  of  the  cheeks.  Antennae  placed  below  the  eyes,  very  va- 
riable in  size  and  form,  usually  of  two  segments  terminated  by  a  very 

6 


fine  hair  or  bristle,  the  second  segment  often  with  a  peculiar  texture 
of  the  surface,  due  to  the  presence  of  sensory  structures;  rarely  with 
basal  appendages  (Otiocerus).  Form  of  the  head  very  diverse,  the 
vertex  and  frons  forming  either  a  continuous  curve,  or  the  planes  of 
the  vertex  and  frons  forming  an  acute  angle,  or  both  prolonged  to 
form  a  projection  that  may  assume  monstrous  proportions  and  varied 
shapes.  The  prothorax  is  normally  developed  and  unarmed. 

SYSTEMATIC   POSITION  AND   CLASSIFICATION 

The  sub-order  Homoptera  may  be  somewhat  loosely  de- 
fined as  those  true  bugs  that  have  the  tegmina  or  elytra 
usually  of  the  same  texture  throughout  and  sloping,  roof- 
like,  at  the  sides  of  the  body;  and  beak  arising  from  the 
hinder  part  of  the  lower  side  of  the  head,  and  the  head 
very  closely  joined  to  the  thorax.  They  are  represented 
by  a  large  variety  of  insects  many  of  which  are  of  great 
economic  importance  and  among  our  most  destructive  pests. 

As  the  classification  of  the  Homoptera  into  subfamilies 
is  a  matter  likely  to  prove  difficult  to  the  student  and  gen- 
eral worker,  I  give  here  for  their  convenience  the  following 
key  useful  for  plant  hoppers  of  our  region,  a  modification 
by  Lutz  of  the  one  given  by  Brues  and  Melander. 

1.  Active,  free-living  species;  beak  plainly  arising  from  the  head; 
tarsi  3-jointed;  antennae  very  short,  with  a  small,  terminal  bristle, 
2 

Females  often  inactive  or  incapable  of  moving;  beak  appearing  to 
arise  between  the  front  legs,  sometimes  absent  in  males;  tarsi,  if 
present,  1-  or  2-jointed;  antennae  usually  well  developed  (sometimes 
absent),  without  conspicuous  terminal  bristle, 6 

2.  Our  species,  usually,  at  least  %  inch  long;  three  ocelli  on  top  of 
the  head;  antennae  with  short  basal  joint,  terminated  by  a  hair-like 
process  which  is  divided  into  about  5  joints;  front  femora  thickened 
and  generally  spined  beneath, ....ClCADiDAE. 

Our  species  less  than  5  in.  long;  usually  not  more  than  two  ocelli, 
and  front  tibiae  not  enlarged, 3 

3.  Antennae  arising  from  below  the  eyes;  ocelli  placed  beneath  or 
near  the  eyes,  usually  in  cavities  of  the  cheeks;  pronotum  not  un- 
usually developed, FULGORIDAE. 

Antennae  arising  from  in  front  of  and  between  the  eyes, 4. 

4.  Pronotum  extending  back  over  the  abdomen, MEMBRACIDAE. 

Pronotum  not  extending  back  over  the  base  of  the  abdomen, 5. 

5.  Tibiae  smooth,  the  hind  pair  with  one  or  two  stout  spines  and  with 
a  cluster  of  spinules  at  the  apex, CERCOPIDAE. 

Hind  tibiae  with  two  rows  of  spines  beneath;    leaf -hoppers  of 

which  the  Jassinae  is  the  principal  subfamily, CICADELLIDAE. 

7 


6.  Hind  femora  much  thickened;  antennae  long,  5  to  10-jointed,  last 
joint  with  two  fine  apical  bristles;   front  wings   somewhat  thicker 
than  the  hind  ones,  often  rather  leathery;   pad  between  the  tarsal 
claws  prominent,  bilobed, CHERMIDAE. 

Hind  femora  not  much  larger  than  the  others, 7. 

7.  Tarsi  2- jointed,  the  basal  joint  sometimes  reduced,  the  outer  joint 
with  two  claws;  wings,  when  present,  four  in  number;  mouth-parts 
usually  well-developed  in  both  sexes, 8. 

Tarsi,  when  present,  1-jointed,  with  a  single  claw;  females  always 
wingless,  often  without  legs  and  usually  covered  with  a  more  or  less 
well-developed  scale;  males  usually  with  a  single  pair  of  wings  which 
lie  flat,  one  above  the  other;  antennae  of  the  females  absent  or  having 
up  to  11  joints,  of  males  10-  to  25-jointed, COCCIDAE. 

8.  Wings  usually  opaque,  whitish,  clouded  or  mottled  with  spots  or 
bands;  body  more  or  less  mealy;  tarsi  with  two  nearly  equal  joints; 
tip  of  tibiae  with  a  number  of  short  spines;  a  pad-shaped  or  spine- 
like  process  between  the  tarsal  claws, ALEYRODIDAE. 

Wings  transparent,  though  sometimes  colored;  tarsi  2-jointed,  the 
basal  joint  sometimes  very  much  reduced;  body  not  mealy,  but  rarely 
with  waxy  wool;  process  between  the  tarsal  claws  absent  or  nearly 
so, APHIDIDAE. 

The  sub-order  Homoptera  is  divided  into  two  main 
groups,  the  Auchenorhynchi,  in  which  the  beak  or  rostrum 
plainly  arises  from  the  head,  and  the  Sternorhynchi,  in 
which  it  arises  apparently  from  the  sternum  between  the 
anterior  coxae.  The  first  group  contains  six  different 
families,  one  of  which,  the  Fulgoridae,  is  fully  treated 
in  this  bulletin. 

The  following  classification  has  been  adopted,  the  ar- 
rangement being  from  the  more  primitive  to  the  more 
specialized.  This  represents  the  type  of  specialization  in 
the  forms  today  and  does  not  necessarily  indicate  the  points 
of  divergence  from  a  common  stem  in  the  matter  of  origin, 
which  latter  cannot  be  shown  in  serial  arrangement. 

ORDER  HOMOPTERA  LATR. 

Group  I— AUCHENORHYNCHI  Amyot  &  Serville. 

Super-family  1 — CICADOIDEA. 

Family  1— CICADIDAE. 

Family  2— CERCOPIDAE. 

Sub-family  1- — Cercopinae 

2 — Aphrophorinae 


Family  3— MEMBRACIDAE 

1 — Membracinae 
2 — Hoplophorinae 
3 — Darninae 
4 — Tragopinae 
5 — Smiliinae 
6 — Centrotinae 

Family  4— CICADELLIDAE. 

Sub-family  1 — Paropinae 

2 — Bythoscopinae 
3 — Cicadellinae 
4 — Gyponinae 
5 — Jassinae 

Super-Family  2—FULGOROIDEA. 

Family  1— FULGORIDAE 

Sub-Family  1 — Fulgorinae 

2 — Dictyophorinae 

3 — Achilinae 

4 — Cixiinae 

5 — Tropiduchinae 

6 — Issinae 

7 — Acanaloniinae 

8 — Flatinae 

9 — Derbinae 

Family  2— DELPHACIDAE. 

Group  II—STERNORHYNCHI  Amyot  &  Serville. 

Family  1— CHERMIDAE. 
2— APHIDIDAE. 
3— ALEYRODIDAE. 
4— COCCIDAE. 

DISTRIBUTION 

The  Fulgoridae  is  certainly  a  very  ancient  family  and 
one  highly  specialized  at  an  early  age.  The  early  American 
fauna  was  undoubtedly  connected  in  some  way  with  that 
of  Asia  by  means  of  a  land  bridge.  During  the  Eocene 
period  the  entire  northern  hemisphere  was  covered  by  a 
luxuriant  tropical  vegetation,  rich  in  arborescent  species, 
and  one  of  the  most  striking  features  was  the  abundance 
of  the  broad-winged,  moth-like  Fulgorids.  Cockerell  has 
described  twenty-six  fossil  species  from  the  Rocky  Mountain 
Eocene  which  are  of  large  size  and  bright  markings  that 

9 


resemble  greatly  the  present  day  Indo-Malaysian  fauna. 
For  some  unknown  reason  all  representatives  of  this  re- 
markable fauna  have  disappeared  from  North  America. 
Perhaps  this  is  due  to  the  large  insectivorous  birds  that 
came  in  about  this  time  or  more  probably  to  the  gradual 
cooling  of  the  northern  hemisphere  that  reached  its  cul- 
mination in  the  Glacial  Period  and  brought  about  ac- 
companying changes  in  the  flora  and  fauna. 

Wherever  the  Fulgoridae  may  have  originated  the  deri- 
vation of  the  more  recent  fossil  and  the  existing  forms 
seems  to  be  from  the  south  rather  than  from  the  north. 
According  to  Webster  (F.  M.  Webster,  "The  Diffusion  of 
Insects  in  North  America,"  Psyche,  x,  pp.  47-58,  1903)  there 
are  two  main  highways  of  migration  from  the  south ;  first, 
from  South  America  via  the  Antilles  and  Florida;  and 
second,  from  Central  and  South  America  via  Mexico  and 
the  Gulf  Coast.  The  genera  Poblicia,  Calyptoproctus,  and 
Mysidia  are  especially  representative  of  Central  and  South 
America.  The  fact,  however,  that  our  species  in  these 
genera  are  distinct  from  those  found  in  those  regions  would 
indicate  that  their  presence  dates  from  some  ancient  time, 
in  our  Gulf  States. 

As  Adams  has  pointed  out,  the  southeastern  United 
States  includes  a  large  number  of  endemic  species  of 
plants  and  animals.  It  is  therefore  most  likely  that  this 
region  is  the  center  of  origin  and  distribution  for  many  of 
our  Fulgorids. 

ECOLOGICAL  CONSIDERATIONS 

The  native  vegetation  of  any  region  will  indicate  to  an 
entomologically  trained  ecologist  the  kinds  of  insects  he 
may  expect  to  find  there.  Every  variation  in  the  soil, 
rainfall,  and  climate  is  reflected  in  the  vegetation  and  this 
in  turn  in  the  insect  fauna. 

Most  of  the  Southern  States  fall  in  what  Merriam  has 
designated  as  the  Upper  and  Lower  Austral  Region.  The 
so-called  Gulf  Strip  of  the  Lower  Austral  covers  over  half 
of  Florida  and  extends  around  the  Gulf  Coast  almost  to 
Mexico.  The  southern  extremity  of  Florida  falls  in  the 
Tropical  Region.  These  states  have  so  many  different  soil 

10 


types  and  floral  regions  that  it  is,  in  the  writer's  opinion, 
impossible  to  limit  any  so-called  life  zones. 

Dr.  Transeau  has  shown  that  eastern  North  America 
is  occupied  by  four  great  forest  centers:  (1)  the  North- 
eastern Conifer  forest,  centering  in  the  St.  Lawrence  basin, 
(2)  the  Deciduous  forest,  centering  in  the  lower  Ohio  basin 
and  Piedmont  plateau,  (3)  the  Southeastern  Conifer  forest, 
centering  in  the  south  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coastal  plain,  and 
(4)  the  Insular  Tropical  forest  of  the  southern  part  of  the 
Florida  peninsula,  centering  in  the  West  Indies. 

Each  of  these  large  formations  is  made  up  of  many 
societies  or  associations.  Although  we  find  insects  to  be 
to  a  great  extent  rather  independent  of  minor  differences 
in  climate,  we  find  a  large  part  of  them  definitely  linked 
with  certain  plant  associations.  And  as  the  plant  ecologi- 
cal succession  progresses,  we  find  a  parallel  succession 
taking  place  among  the  insects. 

Certain  of  the  more  important  associations  are  here 
taken  up  briefly  with  a  discussion  of  the  Homoptera  that 
are  more  or  less  typical  of  them. 

DECIDUOUS  MESOPHYTIC  WOODS  ASSOCIATION 

A  large  area  of  the  Southern  States  is  covered  by  mixed 
deciduous  woods.  The  most  abundant  trees  in  the  hills 
are  the  short-leaf  pine  (Pinus  echinata)  and  the  old  field 
pine  (P.  taeda)  and  mixed  with  these  are  various  species 
of  oaks,  as  the  black-jack  (Quercus  nigra),  post  oak  (Q. 
stellata),  Spanish  Oak  (Q.  falcata)  and  scarlet  oak  (Q. 
velutina),  the  dogwood  and  hickory.  Beneath  the  trees 
are  many  shrubs  and  the  slopes  are  covered  with  grasses. 

The  various  species  of  oaks  support  a  very  numerous 
insect  fauna  among  which  are  such  Fulgoridae  as  Thionia 
bullata,  Bothriocera  tinealis,  Cedusa  vulgaris,  and  most  of 
the  species  of  Otiocerus.  Ormenis  pruinosa,  septentrionalis 
and  venusta  breed  on  oak,  hickory,  sweet  gum  and  many 
shrubs  and  vines.  The  only  known  host  plant  of  Cyarda 
melichari  is  young  hickory  and  this  is  also  the  favorite  food 
plant  of  Cedusa  obscura  and  vulgaris.  Poblicia  fuliginosa 
breeds  on  the  sumach.  Amalopata  mcateei  and  Cenchrea 
uhleri  have  been  taken  by  the  writer  on  Iron  wood  (Carpinus 

11 


Fig.  2 — Views  in  the  Tishomingo  Hill  country  of  Mississippi. 

caroliniana)  but  only  in  the  adult  stage.  Otiocerus  ballii  and 
Mysidia  mississippiensis  were  taken  sweeping  underbrush 
in  Mississippi  swamps  and  appear  to  be  confined  to  such 
a  habitat.  Adults  of  Otiocerus  schellenbergii  have  been 
taken  on  the  undersides  of  ash  leaves  in  Florida  and  Mis- 
sissippi. 

Feeding  on  the  coarse  grasses  on  the  floor  of  typical 
black-jack  oak  woods  are  Fitchiella  robertsoni,  Bruchomor- 
pha  bimaculata  and  B.  jocosa. 

12 


In  the  rich  river  bottoms  there  is  usually  a  rather  heavy 
growth  of  white,  willow  and  water  oaks,  beech,  black  and 
sweet  gum,  and  cypress.  Redbud  (Cercis  canadensis)  and 
alder  (Alnus  serrulata)  are  also  abundant.  Along  these  low 
river  bottoms  the  bamboo-canes,  Arundinaria  tecta  and 
macrosperma,  are  well  distributed  over  most  of  the  Southern 
States  and  form  at  times  immense  "cane-brakes."  The 
Delphacid,  Stenocranus  similis  and  the  Cicadellids,  Chloro- 


Fig.  3 — View  at  edge  of  cane-brake  in  Mississippi  Delta  near 
Greenville,  Miss. 

tettix  nacreosa,  suturalis  and  galbanata,  Thamnotettix 
shermani,  flavotinctus  and  crumbi,  and  Deltocephalus  arun- 
dineus  are  typical  of  this  habitat  and  probably  occur  where- 
ever  the  cane-brake  occurs.  Oliarus  placitus  was  taken  only 
in  this  habitat  in  Mississippi  but  its  host  plant  is  probably 
the  hackberry,  Celtis  mississippiensis,  that  grows  amid 

the  cane-brake. 
THE  PINE-BARREN  OR  LONG-LEAF  PINE  ASSOCIATION 

The  so-called  pine-barrens  make  up  a  large  area  in 
Georgia,  Florida,  Alabama  and  Mississippi.  In  the  parts 
most  remote  from  the  coast  the  country  is  moderately  hilly 
and  the  soil  is  usually  a  grayish  sandy  loam.  Toward  the 
coast  the  relief  is  very  flat  and  poorly  drained,  ponds  and 

13 


swamps  are  more  frequent  and  as  the  ground  water  is 
always  near  the  surface  the  soil  is  nearly  always  wet  and 
soggy  and  usually  very  acid.  In  the  virgin  forests  the 
conifers,  mostly  Pinus  palnstris,  made  up  as  high  as  75% 
of  the  vegetation  but  a  great  deal  of  this  has  been  cut  for 
lumber.  Pinus  elliotii,  the  slash  pine  and  Taxodium  imbri- 
carium  are  abundant  in  the  small  ponds  and  swamps  near 
the  coast. 


Fig.  4 — A  typical  view  in  the  pine-barrens  or  long  leaf  pine  forests 
of  the  Gulf  Coast. 

Living  on  the  pine  we  find  Oecleus  borealis  and  campes- 
tris  and  Cixius  pini.  Members  of  the  genus  Catonia  are 
also  thought  to  feed  on  pine  but  there  are  no  definite 
records.  Beneath  the  bark  of  pine  and  spruce  and  in  old 
stumps  occur  members  of  the  genus  Epiptera  of  whose 
habits  we  know  nothing.  On  the  succulent  grasses  of  the 
forest  floor  occur  in  abundance  the  following :  Dictyophora 
microrhina,  florens  and  lingula,  Bruchomorpha  jocosa,  bi- 
maculata  and  pallidipes,  Aphelonema  viridis,  decorata  and 
obscura,  Scolops  angustatus,  dessicatus,  spurcus  and  perdix, 
and  Phylloscelis  atra  and  its  variety  albovenosa.  Cyrpoptus 
belfragei  and  reineckei  either  feed  on  the  foliage  of  the 
pine  itself  or  on  the  coarse  grasses  beneath.  Acanalonia 

14 


biviitata  is  also  taken  abundantly  sweeping  the  grassy 
floor.  In  Florida,  Hysteropterum  punctiferum  occurs  very 
abundantly  on  the  sparse  vegetation  of  the  pine-barrens. 

THE  LITTORAL  OR  SALT  MARSH  ASSOCIATION 

The  strip  bordering  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  furnishes  a 
strand  flora  and  fauna  that  is  quite  varied  and  distinct 
from  that  of  the  remainder  of  our  territory.  On  the  inner 
zone  of  the  beach  are  found  the  sea-side  morning  glory, 
and  Uniola  paniculata,  commonly  known  as  sea-oats.  Upon 


i 


L 


Fig.  5 — A  view  of  the  bayous  of  South  Mississippi,  showing  the  black 

rush  formation. 

the  higher  sand  ridges  and  dunes  back  from  the  beach  are 
found  Pinus  taeda  and  australis,  Quercus  geminata  and 
virginiana,  Sabal  minor,  Serenoa  serrulata,  Ilex  vomitoria, 
and  Myrica  cerifera. 

Running  back  from  the  salt  marshes  are  numerous 
bayous.  The  shallow,  tranquil  waters  of  these  bayous,  or 
inlets  of  the  sea,  with  their  floor  of  deep  sandy  mud  are 
covered  almost  exclusively  by  the  black  rush  (Juncus  roe- 
merianus).  Associated  with  the  latter  are  Spartina  patens, 
Fimbristylus  spadicia,  F.  castanea,  Paspalum  vaginatum, 
Chaetochloa  imberbis  perennis,  and  Distichlis  spicata. 

15 


In  the  Spartina  association  are  found  Aphelonema  sim- 
plex, Myndus  enotatus,  slossoni  and  pusillus,  and  Oliarus 
franciscanus.  It  is  suspected  that  the  nymphs  of  these 
species  of  Myndus  feed  on  the  roots  of  the  above  mentioned 
grasses  and  rushes.  Megamelanus  spartini  has  been  beaten 
from  the  heads  of  Spartina  patens  and  there  are  many  other 
Delphacids  that  are  found  only  in  this  kind  of  habitat. 
Among  these  may  be  mentioned  Prokelisia  marginata  and 
setigera,  Megamelanus  elongatus,  dorsalis  and  lautus, 
Megamelus  notulus,  Bakerella  maculata,  and  Liburnia 
acuministyla.  Pentagramma  vittatifrons  occurs  on  the  spike 
rush  (Eleocharis)  and  other  sedges. 


f 


Fig.  6 — View  of  Spartina  association  on  an  island  in  the  Pascagoula 
River  near  its  mouth. 


EXTERNAL  MORPHOLOGY  OF  THE  FULGORIDAE 

The  head. — The  head  is  composed  of  two  main  sclerites, 
the  epicranium  and  the  clypeus.  The  epicranium  is  usually 
considered  to  be  of  three  so-called  areas,  the  vertex,  frons, 
and  genae.  These  are  strictly  terms  of  convenience  and 
are  not  designations  of  separate  sclerites. 

The  vertex  is  the  top  of  the  head  between  the  eyes,  when 
the  insect  in  a  horizontal  position  is  looked  upon  from  above. 
In  many  of  the  Fulgorids  the  vertex  is  very  short,  and  the 
vertex  and  frons  are  often  confused  and  hard  to  distinguish ; 

16 


Lateral 
compartment 
ol    pronotum 


Cephalic  liorn 
,  Vertex 
_  Compound  eye 

compartment 
Pronotiim 
Mesonotum 
Mesonolal   carinae 


Fig.  7 — Diagram  of  Morphology — Fulgoridae 

(From  "Hemiptera  of  Conn.,"  drawing  by  P.  Carman) 

in  others  the  vertex  is  longer  and  produced  snout-like  be- 
fore the  eyes. 

The  frons  in  nearly  all  cases  is  more  or  less  definitely 
carinated  and  in  certain  genera  one  finds  numerous  coarse 
or  fine  pustules  on  the  sides.  Below  the  frons  is  found  the 
:lypeus  which  is  usually  separated  by  a  more  or  less  definite 
suture  but  in  rare  cases  these  two  parts  are  fused.  The 
clypeus  is  composed  of  three  segments  and  is  generally 
triangular,  with  or  without  a  median  keel.  The  genae  or 
cheeks  are  the  lateral  parts  of  the  head.  In  the  Fulgorids 
they  are  actually  placed  laterally  and  are  hollowed. 

The  usual  number  of  ocelli  is  two  but  in  some  (in  most 
Cixiinae)  there  are  three,  two  in  the  usual  Fulgorid  posi- 
tion placed  close  to  the  antennae  at  the  more  or  less  flat 
sides  of  the  head,  and  one  at  the  anterior  margin  of  the 
frons,  adjoining  the  clypeus.  The  function  of  the  ocelli  is 
little  understood  but  if  used  for  vision,  their  usefulness 
must  be  greatly  limited  in  this  family  by  the  surrounding 
elevated  keels  or  carinae. 

The  antennae  are  of  varied  shapes  and  sizes,  the  first 
segment  usually  cylindrical,  more  or  less  elongate  or  notice- 
ably lengthened,  but  often  very  short,  the  second  enlarged 

17 


club-shaped,  at  times  warty  or  tuberculate,  the  third  very 
small  and  round,  drawn  out  in  the  form  of  a  long  bristle 
or  seta.  In  the  genus  Otiocerus,  there  are  one  or  two 
flattened  arid  twisted,  basal  appendages. 

The  thorax. — The  pronotum  is  variable  in  length,  at 
times  narrow,  fitting  up  close  to  the  head  collar-fashion, 
nearly  always  with  three  longitudinal  carinae  which  are  at 
times  very  indistinct.  The  mesonotum  or  scutellum,  as  it 
is  generally  called  in  this  family,  is  usually  large  and  long, 
more  or  less  triangular,  and  with  from  three  to  five  long- 
itudinal carinae. 

The  elytra. — The  wing  covers  or  elytra  may  be  either 
brachypterous,  in  which  form  they  are  short,  not  reaching 
or  scarcely  attaining  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  more  or  less 
rounded  and  leathery,  with  prominent  or  scarcely  visible 
nervures,  or  else  macropterous  when  they  are  longer  than 
the  abdomen,  transparent  or  translucent,  with  definite, 
punctate  or  setigerous  nervures.  In  some  genera  the  wing 
covers  are  convexly  arched. 

There  are  two  distinct  regions,  an  inner,  small  and  tri- 
angular claims  and  an  outer  longer  area  known  as  the 
corium,  the  two  being  separated  by  a  claval  suture.  In- 
completely developed  elytra  often  show  no  trace  of  this 
suture.  The  inner  margin  is  known  as  the  commissural 
margin  and  the  outer  as  the  costal  or  external  margin.  A 
single  forked  nerve  occupies  the  clavus.  The  corium  is 
traversed  by  a  more  or  less  large  number  of  longitudinal  and 
transverse  nervures;  there  are  two  or  three  main  nerves, 
originating  at  the  base,  and  these  are  called  sectors,  the 
term  embracing  the  main  nerve  and  all  of  its  branches. 
They  are  known  as  the  first,  second,  and  third  sectors, 
numbering  from  the  costal  margin.  The  wings  are  trans- 
parent hyaline,  and  in  certain  genera  are  either  vestigial 
or  entirely  lacking. 

The  abdomen. — The  abdomen  is  composed  of  eleven  seg- 
ments, each  formed  by  the  union  of  two  horny,  chitinous, 
arched  plates  that  fit  into  each  other  and  are  held  together 
by  a  membrane;  the  dorsal  plates  or  tergites  and  ventral 
plates  or  sternites  are  held  together  by  the  connexivum. 

The  abdomen  is  generally  more  or  less  conical,  and 
narrowed  behind  but  in  many  species  is  somewhat  flat- 

18 


tened  and  truncate  posteriorly.  Often  the  dorsal  plates  are 
buckled  up  in  the  middle  to  form  a  longitudinal  median 
ridge  and  in  certain  genera  (Aphelonema)  the  sides  may 
have  one  or  more  rows  of  minute  or  coarse  pustules. 

At  the  end  of  the  abdomen  we  find  the  genital  segment, 
frequently  cut  out  more  or  less  deeply  about  the  anal  tube, 
when  observed  from  above  and  with  the  lateral  margins 
blunt  or  angular,  and  not  infrequently  rounded  or  drawn 
out  into  a  long  flap  or  lobe-like  process. 

In  the  male  the  last  or  ninth  segment  is  designated  as 
the  pygofer  and  in  the  middle  of  the  upper  rim  of  the 
same  lies  the  anal  tube;  the  latter  is  formed  by  the  fusion 
of  the  tenth  and  eleventh  segments,  is  rather  elongate  and 
broad,  and  of  definite  form.  The  ventral  margin  of  the 
pygofer  is  often  deeply  cut  out,  sinuate,  or  with  tooth-like 
processes.  Its  shape,  however,  is  constant  and  quite 
distinctive  for  each  species  and  aids  in  final  determination. 
On  the  under  side  of  the  genital  segment,  in  the  ventral 
aperture  of  the  pygofer,  are  the  two  styliform  organs  of 
varied  length  and  shape,  known  as  the  genital  styles,  al- 
though frequently  termed  the  genital  plates.  These  are 
constant  and  definite  in  shape  and  size  in  the  different 
species  and  in  the  Fulgorids,  especially  the  Delphacids, 
are  now  considered  to  be  the  final  criterion  for  specific 
determination  and  even  to  afford  characters  for  generic 
classification.  From  the  bottom  of  the  inner  chamber 
between  the  genital  styles  arises  the  aedeagus  or  penis  which 
is  rather  indistinctly  visible. 

In  the  female  the  last  abdominal  segment  is  known  as 
the  pygofer  also.  The  ventral  portion  almost  completely 
encloses  the  ovipositor  which  is  visible  along  a  median  slit. 
The  ovipositor  is  generally  a  long,  rather  slender,  heavily 
chitinized  organ,  and  is  hinged  to  the  caudal  end  of  the 
preceding  segment.  At  the  end  of  the  segment  is  found 
the  anal  tube  with  its  accompanying  style. 

The  legs. — The  legs  are  composed  of  the  coxa,  tro- 
chanter,  femur,  tibia  and*  tarsus,  the  latter  usually  con- 
sisting of  three  tarsal  segments  and  ending  in  a  tarsal 
claw.  The  front  tibiae  are  in  some  genera  very  much 
broadened  or  expanded  leaf -like,  and  the  hind  tibiae  gen- 
erally have  one  or  more  large  lateral  spines  or  spurs. 

19 


The  family  Fulgoridae  has  long  been  divided  into  ten 
subfamilies  but  one  of  these,  the  Delphacinae,  is  now  given 
family  rank  by  most  writers.  Members  of  the  latter  group 
are  easily  differentiated  by  having  a  movable  spur  or  calcar 
on  the  tip  of  the  hind  tibia.  The  fact  that  they  are  almost 
all  sedge  and  grass-feeding  forms  occupying  the  same  kind 
of  an  ecological  habitat  (low  wet  areas)  strengthens  the 
writer's  belief  that  they  should  be  treated  as  a  separate 
and  distinct  family.  Muir  has  more  recently  (Proc.  Ha- 
waiian Ent.  Soc.,  V.  pp.  205-247)  divided  the  Fulgoroidea 
into  fifteen  families  based  on  his  extensive,  careful  study 
of  tropical  material.  However,  the  following  key  as  given 
by  Van  Duzee  will  suffice  for  those  forms  occurring  within 
the  United  States. 

The  following  table  has  been  adopted  from  Van  Duzee : 

Key  to  the  subfamilies  of  the  Fulgoridae 

Anal  area  of  the  elytra  reticulated,  sides  of  the  clypeus  carinate, 
1.  Fulgorinae 

Anal  area  of  the  elytra  rarely  reticulated,  the  clypeus  in  this  case 
without  lateral  carinae, : 1. 

1.  Posterior  tibiae  armed  with  a  movable  spur,.... 10.     Delphacinae 
...     Posterior  tibiae  without  a  movable  spur, 2. 

2.  Clavus  granulated;  costa  dilated,  the  costal  membrane  trans- 
versely venose, 8.     Flatinae 

...     Clavus  rarely  granulated;  costa  in  this  case  not  dilated,.. 3. 

3.  Veins  of  the  clavus  not  attaining  the  apex,  but  united  with  the 
commissural  margin  before  the  apex, 4. 

...  Veins  of  the  clavus  either  continued  to  the  apex  or  united  with 
the  claval  suture  before  the  apex, 5. 

4.  Apex  of  the  front  without  an  ocellus;  elytra  reticulated  toward 
their  apex, 2.    Dictyophorinae 

...  Apex  of  the  front  usually  with  a  third  ocellus;  elytra  not  re- 
ticulated apically,  4.  Cixiinae 

5.  Elytra   ample,  held  vertical  with   the   costal   margin  meeting 
below  the  abdomen,  closely  reticulated  over  the  whole  surface; 
the  costal  and  apical  margins  without  transverse  veins;  front 

coalescent  with  the  vertex,  no  transverse  carina, 

7.     Acanaloniinae 

...  Elytra  when  broad  held  more  horizontal  not  meeting  below 
closely  reticulated  over  the  whole  surface,  and  the  front  usually 
separated  from  the  vertex  by  a  transverse  carina  at  the  apex 
of  the  head, 6. 

6.  Head  broad,   with   the   eyes   nearly   or   quite   as   wide   as   the 
mesonotum;  pronotum  without  carinae  or  with  a  median  carina 
only,   7. 

20 


Head  usually  much  narrower  than  the  mesonotum;  if  as  wide 
the  pronotum  is  emarginate  behind  and  tricarinate, 8. 

7.  Pronotum  truncated  behind  or  at  most  with  a  shallow  rounded 
sinus,   6.     Issinae 

8.  Elytra  distinctly  ampliated  within  and  overlapping  beyond  the 

apex  of  the  clavus, 3.     Achilinae 

Elytra  not  ampliated  within  nor  overlapping  at  apex, 9. 

9.  Elytral  membrane  strongly  differentiated  from  the  corium  with 

numerous  simple  longitudinal  nervures, 5.     Tropiduchinae 

Elytral  venation  simple,  without  a  distinct  closely  veined  mem- 
brane;    pronotum     very     short,     deep     angularly     emarginate 
behind, 9.    Derbinae. 

THE  SUB  FAMILY  FULGORINAE  SPIN. 

Spinola,  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Fr.,  viii,  p.  202,  206,  1839  Ful- 
goridea. 

This  subfamily  reaches  its  highest  development  in 
numbers  and  varied  forms  in  the  Tropics  but  we  have 
representatives  of  five  genera  in  the  United  States.  They 
contain  some  of  our  largest  and  most  curious-looking  forms. 

The  reticulate  anal  area  of  the  elytra  and  in  most  forms 
the  obliquely  truncated  apex  of  the  elytra,  and  the  produced 
vertex  will  serve  to  distinguish  them. 

The  immature  stages  are  all  unknown  and  practically 
nothing  is  known  of  their  food  plants  and  life  history. 

The  only  member  of  the  genus  Crepusia  occurring  in 
North  America  is  Crepusia  ylauca,  recently  described  by 
Metcalf  from  a  male  collected  at  Brownsville,  Texas,  and 
Arizona  material. 

The  following  is  an  adaptation  from  Metcalf: 

Key  to  the  genera 

1.  Head  strongly  produced  anteriorly,  the  cephalic  process  nar- 
rowed towards  apex Amycle  Stal 

Head  not  strongly  produced  anteriorly 2. 

2.  Ninth  abdominal  segment  elongate,  quinquecarinate 

.. Calyptoproctus  Spin. 

Ninth  abdominal  segment  not  elongate,  not  quinquecarinate.. ..3. 

3.  Posterior  border  of  pronotum  with  transverse  carina 

Crepusia  Metcalf 

Posterior  border  of  pronotum  without  a  transverse  carina 4. 

4.  Vertex  short,  with  a  distinct  sulcus  between  vertex  and  frons, 
Poblicia   Stal 

...     Vertex  longer,  produced  anteriorly Cyrpoptus  Stal 

21 


THE  GENUS  AMYCLE  STAL 

This  genus  was  erected  by  Stal  in  1861  and  is  very 
closely  allied  to  Calyptoproctus.  It  is  easily  distinguished 
by  its  very  much  prolonged  head. 

Two  species  have  been  described  from  the  United  States, 
vernalis  Manee,  known  only  from  North  Carolina,  and 
saxatilis  Van  Duzee  from  California.  Amycle  sodalis  Stal 
was  described  from  Mexico. 

Briefly  characterized  as  follows:  Head  narrower  than  the 
thorax,  strongly  produced,  convex  below  and  flat  above.  Frons  con- 
vex, rather  flat  at  the  base,  carinae  lacking  or  else  almost  obsolete. 
Pronotum  and  scutellum  more  or  less  feebly  tricarinate.  Elytra 
slightly  widened  at  the  apex,  obliquely  truncate.  Anterior  femora 
somewhat  compressed;  hind  tibiae  trispinose. 

Logotype  of  the  genus. — Amycle  amabilis  Westw. 

Amycle  vernalis  MANEE 
(1910  Ent.  News,  xxi,  p.  117). 

This  species  was  described  from  five  specimens  taken 
at  Southern*  Pines,  North  Carolina,  in  early  April.  The 
species  has  not  been  taken  since  and  I  append  here  the 
original  description. 


Fig.  8 — Amycle  vernalis  Manee    (redrawn  after  Metcalf) 

"Head  brown,  prolonged  to  nearly  twice  its  width  at  base  and 
tapering  from  base  to  outer  third  where  from  a  slight  broadening 
it  tapers  to  rounded  point;  upper  side  of  head  with  carinal  edges 
and  two  carinae  which  approach  from  front  run  parallel  to  first 
third,  then  separate  to  outward  curve  as  if  to  enclose  the  strong 
carina  of  prothorax;  under  side  of  head  with  carinal  edges  and  strong 
central  carina;  eyes  large,  longer  than  wide;  legs  brown,  hollowed 

22 


on  inside,  hind  tibiae  with  five  spines;  abdomen  above  black  centered 
broadly  with  orange  tipped  with  brown,  under  side  brown  sprinkled 
lighter;  fore  wings  brown,  veins  prominent;  hind  wings  clear,  broadly 
based  with  pink  and  tipped  with  fuscous." 

As  saxatilis  was  taken  by  Van  Duzee  in  California  on 
pine  we  may  suspect  that  the  host  of  v emails  will  prove  to 
be  similar. 

THE  GENUS  CALYPTOPROCTUS  SPINOLA 

This  genus  was  erected  by  Spinola  in  1839,  the  name 
being  derived  from  the  Greek  and  signifies  "hidden  anus." 
There  is  only  a  single  species  known  from  the  United  States. 

Briefly  characterized  as  follows:  Head  very  large,  forming  a 
narrow  border,  rounded  in  front  and  flattened  on  top,  a  little  con- 
cave. Pro-  and  mesothorax  feebly  unicarinate  longitudinally  in  the 
middle.  Elytra  more  or  less  opaque  at  the  base,  the  rest  transparent, 
with  opaque  spots.  Abdomen  large,  more  or  less  depressed,  slightly 
keeled  in  the  middle;  the  fifth  dorsal  plate  of  the  female  nearly  as 
long  as  the  three  preceding  segments  taken  together,  operculiform, 
large  enough  to  cover  the  abdominal  extremity;  this  plate  presenting 
no  particular  development  in  the  male. 

Orthotype  of  the  genus. — Calyptoproctus  elegans  Lep.  &  Serv. 

Calyptoproctus  marmoratus  SPINOLA 
(1839  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  viii,  p.  271). 


Fig.  9 — Adult  Calyptoproctus  marmoratus  Spinola,  enlarged 

(Original) 

23 


A  short  description  of  this  species  was  published  by 
Spinola  in  1839,  giving  North  America  as  its  habitat.  Since 
that  time  it  has  never  been  collected  and  the  record  has 
always  been  a  questionable  one.  A  single  female  was 
taken  on  the  side  of  a  telegraph  pole  at  Forkville,  Miss., 
September  2,  1921,  by  Miss  Minnie  Lee  Price,  that  agrees 
exactly  with  the  original  description  and  confirms  the 
original  statement  as  to  habitat. 

Greenish  varied  with  black.  Vertex  short,  rounded  and  sinuated 
in  front,  the  posterior  margin  broadly  and  rather  deeply  emarginate, 
distinctly  foveate;  greenish  for  the  most  part  black  with  black  macu- 
lations  on  the  anterior  margin  and  both  sides.  Pronotum  with  a  single 
median  ridge-like  keel  that  does  not  reach  the  anterior  margin,  trans- 
versely wrinkled.  Scutellum  tricarinate.  Elytra  slightly  opaque  and 
greenish  at  their  base,  spotted  or  mottled  with  black,  the  rest  trans- 
parent, with  rather  large  square  cells,  more  or  less  mottled  with 
black,  especially  towards  the  margins  and  extremity.  Wings  hyaline, 
slightly  greenish  at  their  base,  the  venation  brown.  Abdomen  more 
or  less  black  above,  the  sides  and  margin  of  each  segment,  green  or 
yellowish.  Body  beneath  green  or  yellowish,  spotted  with  black,  the 
venter  having  a  black  transverse,  oblong  spot  upon  each  segment  on 
each  side.  Hind  tibiae  with  four  or  five  lateral  spines;  femora  twice 
and  the  tibiae  three  times  ringed  with  black;  tarsi  greenish. 

Length  of  body  12  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  18  mm.;  elytral 
expansion  36  mm. 

THE  GENUS  CYRPOPTUS  STAL 

This  genus  was  erected  by  Stal  in  1862  and  is  most 
closely  related  to  Calyptoproctus.  It  may  be  readily  dis- 
tinguished by  having  the  vertex  obtusely  and  roundly  pro- 
duced in  front  beyond  the  eyes,  much  flattened,  and  with- 
out carinae,  the  obliquely  truncated  apices  of  the  elytra, 
by  the  bifoveolate  pronotum,  and  the  dilated  anterior 
femora.  C.  suavis  Stal,  the  haplotype  of  the  genus,  is 
known  only  from  Mexico  and  Guatemala  and  C.  ferrugino- 
sus  Stal  from  Mexico  only.  The  other  three  described 
members  of  the  genus  occur  in  the  Southern  States. 

Key  to  the  species  of  Cyrpoptus. 

Costal  area  nearer  the  apex  subhyaline,  a  dark  fuscous  vitta  or  cloud 
running  from  the  outer  apical  angle  thru  the  middle  of  the  corium ; 
a  large  species  with  the  vertex  short  and  obtuse belfragei  Stal 

Posterior  half  of  elytra  hyaline  with  its  fuscous  apex  bisected  by  an 
oblique  hyaline  vitta;  smaller  and  with  the  vertex  slightly  longer, 

24 


reineckei  Van  D. 

Posterior  half  of  elytra  subhyaline,  without  any  definite  banding; 

vertex  more  elongate  and  angular  than  in  the  others 

nubeculosus    Stal 

Cyrpoptus  belfragei  STAL 
(1869  Berl.  Ent.  Zeit,  xiii,  p.  240). 

Recorded  from  Ohio,  N.  C.,  Va.,  Fla.,  Mo.  and  Texas. 

This  is  the  largest  of  our  three  species  and  is  distin- 
guished by  the  shorter,  more  obtuse  vertex,  and  the  short 
longitudinal  black  vitta  on  the  apical  third  of  the  elytra. 

Pale  olive  yellow,  the  vertex,  thorax  and  scutellum  somewhat  ob- 
scure, here  and  there  infuscated.  Vertex  about  equal  in  length  to 
the  pronotum,  very  bluntly  rounded  in  front  with  the  hind  margin 
nearly  straight  across  the  middle,  faintly  sulcate  along  the  longi- 
tudinal median  line.  Frons  transverse,  faintly  longitudinally  striated, 
sides  sinuated,  apex  concavely  arcuated,  without  carinae;  pale  dirty 
yellowish,  very  finely  speckled  with  scarlet.  Apical  two-thirds  of 
clypeus,  the  fore  coxae  and  femora  dark  fuscous,  palely  speckled. 
Antennae  very  short,  subglobular  and  tuberculate.  Ocelli  yellowish 
translucent.  Pronotum  truncate  before,  very  ifeebly  emarginate 
behind,  the  median  line  bluntly  carinate,  and  either  side  on  disc  is 
a  round  dark  impressed  dot.  Scutellum  with  only  a  faint  indication 
of  a  median  carina,  and  marked  with  two  dark  impressed  dots  near 
the  margin  before  the  apex.  Elytra  long,  slightly  narrowed  and  ob- 
liquely truncate  at  apex,  the  apical  angles  rounded;  largely  opaque 
and  fuscous,  tinged  with  ferrugineous,  a  large  part  of  the  basal  half 
washed  with  scarlet;  the  costal  area  near  the  apex  paler  and  sub- 
hyaline  and  another  pale  subhyaline  area  on  inner  margin  at  apex 
of  the  clavus;  a  short  dark  fuscous  vitta  or  cloud  runs  from  the  outer 
apical  angle  through  the  middle  of  the  corium;  veins  reddish  fer- 
rugineous. Wings  vitreous,  scarlet  at  base,  infuscated  at  apex,  the 
veins  mostly  black.  Dorsum  of  abdomen  scarlet,  the  venter  and  legs 
mottled  with  black. 

Male  genital  styles  or  plates  long  and  subrectangular,  the  outer 
angle  of  the  apex  well  rounded,  hirsute. 

Length  of  body  8-9  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  13-14  mm.;  ely- 
tral  expansion  26-28  mm. 

Redescribed  from  several  specimens  taken  by  D.  W. 
Grimes  sweeping  in  tall  grass  near  Pascagoula,  Miss.,  Aug. 
20,  1919.  A  male  collected  by  J.  S.  Hine  at  Vinton,  Ohio, 
June  5,  1900,  has  in  addition  a  very  small  narrow  oblique 
hyaline  stripe  near  the  outer  angle  of  the  apex  but  is  un- 
doubtedly this  species. 

25 


Cyrpoptus  reineckei  VAN  DUZEE 
(1909  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  ix,  p.  185). 

Known  heretofore  only  from  Florida.  It  has  the  form 
of  C.  belfragei  but  is  smaller  and  distinguished  by  having 
the  posterior  half  of  the  elytra  hyaline  with  its  fuscous 
apex  bisected  by  an  oblique  hyaline  vitta. 


Fig.  10 — Cyrpoptus  reineckei  Van  D.,  enlarged    (from  Van  Duzee) 

Dull  testaceous  brown,  more  or  less  tinged  with  ferrugineous, 
especially  on  the  base  of  the  elytra ;  the  vertex,  pronotum  and  scutellum 
minutely  irrorate  with  pale.  Vertex  obviously  longer  than  the  pro- 
notum, rounded  or  but  feebly  angled  before,  nearly  straight  across 
the  middle  of  the  basal  margin;  median  line  with  a  broad  sulcate 
carina.  Frons  transverse,  longitudinally  minutely  striate,  sides  sin- 
uated,  apex  concavely  arcuated;  pale  testaceous  with  a  lighter  indeter- 
minate apical  band  which  covers  the  lateral  pleural  pieces.  The  apical 
two-thirds  of  the  clypeus,  the  fore  and  intermediate  legs  black  ir- 
rorate with  pale.  Pronotum  very  feebly  emarginate  behind,  truncate 
before,  the  median  line  carinate;  disc  either  side  with  a  round  im- 
pressed dot.  Scutellum  ecarinate  or  nearly  so,  marked  with  two  dark 
impressed  dots  near  margin  before  the  apex.  Elytra  long,  obliquely 
truncated  but  not  as  strongly  narrowed  there  as  in  belfragei,  the 
outer  apical  angle  rounded;  the  costa  feebly  sinuated  beyond  the 
middle;  inner  ulnar  nervure  twice  forked  beyond  the  middle,  the 
outer  ulnar  forked  near  its  base  but  distinctly  farther  than  in  belfra- 
gei, its  two  branches  simple  until  lost  in  the  confused  venation  of 
the  apical  portion;  ferrugineous  or  almost  coccineous  on  the  basal 
half  of  the  elytra,  sometimes  obscurely  clouded  with  fuscous  in  places, 
the  apical  half  hyaline,  fusco-venose,  with  a  large  fuscous  cloud  at 
apex  which  is  bisected  by  an  oblique  hyaline  vitta  from  the  outer 
angle.  Wings  coccineous  at  base,  then  fuscous  for  a  space  and  again 
along  the  immediate  apex,  the  intermediate  surface  hyaline  with  fus- 

26 


cous  veins.  Venter  fuscous,  irrorate  with  pale.  Anterior  femora 
broadly  foliaceous,  the  intermediate  narrower;  hind  legs  pale,  irrorate 
with  fuscous. 

Length  of  body  7-8  mm. ;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  10-13  mm. ;  elytral 
expansion  23-26  mm. 

Van  Duzee  found  this  species  numerous  at  various  lo- 
calities in  Florida.  The  writer  took  several  specimens  on 
young  pines  along  the  shore  at  Pass  Christian,  Miss.,  Sept. 
7,  1920,  and  others  sweeping  grass  beneath  pine  trees  on 
Cat  Island,  seven  miles  off  the  Mississippi  coast,  out  in  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  Sept.  7,  1920 ;  a  female  at  Maxie,  Aug.  19, 
1920;  a  pair  taken  by  sweeping  coarse  grass  in  black-jack 
oak  association  near  Hattiesburg,  Miss.,  Aug.  10,  1921; 
and  a  female  at  Meridian,  Miss.,  Aug.  15,  1921.  Numbers 
of  this  species  were  taken  Aug.  6,  1921,  by  C.  J.  Drake 
and  the  writer  while  sweeping  a  pure  stand  of  Panicum 
repens  on  Lowry  Island,  which  is  in  the  middle  of  Pas- 
cagoula  River,  at  Pascagoula,  Miss. 

Cyrpoptus  nubeculosus  STAL 
(1869  Ber.  Ent.  Zeit,  xiii,  p.  240). 

This  species  was  described  from  Mexico  but  occurs 
also  in  Texas.  The  vertex  is  more  elongate  and  angular 
than  in  the  preceding  two  species. 

Head,  thorax  and  scutellum  pale  fuscous,  minutely  spotted  with 
olive.  Head  moderately  round,  viewed  from  the  side,  flattened  and 
prominent  anteriorly.  Vertex  slightly  longer  than  in  belfragei  and 
reineckei,  at  the  middle  slightly  longer  than  the  pronotum,  the  sides 
much  shorter.  Frons,  viewed  from  the  side,  transversely  concave 
anteriorly,  sinuate  on  sides  and  rounding  on  anterior  and  posterior 
margins;  frons  and  clypeus  pale  yellowish,  minutely  flecked  with 
scarlet;  the  apical  two-thirds  of  the  clypeus,  the  anterior  coxae  and 
femora  black  and  palely  speckled.  Pronotum  truncate  in  front,  very 
slightly  emarginate  behind,  with  an  almost  obsolete  median  longitud- 
inal ridge,  rather  transversely  wrinkled.  Scutellum  without  carinae, 
transversely  wrinkled.  Elytra  back  of  the  tip  of  clavus,  gradually  and 
gently  enlarged,  roundly  and  obliquely  truncate  at  apex;  grayish 
hyaline,  somewhat  opaque  and  ferrugineous  and  faintly  varied  with 
fuscous  before  the  middle;  more  distinctly  hyaline  beyond  the  apex 
of  clavus  but  without  the  more  or  less  definite  oblique  banding  of  the 
other  species.  Wings  vitreous,  infuscated  at  the  apex,  diluted  saf- 
fron towards  the  base,  with  the  base  itself  black-fuscous,  the  veins 
black.  Dorsum  of  the  abdomen  blackish,  nearly  yellow  at  the  apex. 
Legs  and  venter  pale  olive  yellow,  spotted  or  mottled  with  black. 

27 


Length  of  body,  male  7.5  mm.,  female  8.5  mm.;  length  to  tip  of 
elytra,  male  11.5  mm.,  female  12.5  mm.;  elytral  expansion  23.5-24.5 
mm. 

Redescribed  from  a  pair  taken  by  Charles  Dury  at 
Brownsville,  Texas,  April  12. 

THE  GENUS  POBLICIA  STAL 

This  genus  was  erected  by  Stal  in  1867.  It  is  a  tropical 
one  but  is  represented  in  the  United  States  by  three  species, 
P.  fuliginosa,  misella,  and  thanatophana,  the  latter  two 
occurring  only  in  Arizona.  P.  fuliginosa  is  the  largest  of 
our  native  fulgorids  and  is  easily  recognized  by  its  wide 
head,  cut  almost  square  off  in  front. 

They  live  in  bushy  places  usually  near  water  where 
the  soil  supports  a  rank  vegetation. 

Poblicia  fuliginosa  OLIVER 

(1791  Encyc.  Meth.,  vi,  p.  574,  Fulgora). 

Recorded  from  N.  C.,  Ga.,  Ohio,  Mo.,  Texas  and  Ariz. 


Fig.  11 — Adult  Poblicia  fuliginosa  Oliv.,  greatly  enlarged.   (Original) 

Body  coriaceous,  general  color  piceous,  the  elytra  minutely  spotted 
with  gray,  abdomen  sanguineous  with  black  spots. 

Vertex  short,  cut  almost  square  off,  foveate,  meeting  frons  in  a 
distinct  suture,  anterior  margin  marked  with  a  greenish-gray  band 
which  extends  along  the  upper  margin  of  the  frons.  Frons  some- 
what rectangular,  with  only  a  faint  trace  of  a  median  carina,  pos- 
terior margin  emarginate.  Eyes  large,  brown.  Antennae  short,  knob- 

28 


shaped,  fuscous.  Pronotum  about  twice  as  long  as  the  vertex,  both 
the  anterior  and  posterior  margins  emarginate,  a  small  depression 
each  side  of  median  carina  on  disc.  Scutellum  with  a  median  carina, 
the  lateral  ones  obsolete  or  with  only  a  trace.  Elytra  large,  long, 
coriaceous,  obliquely  truncated  at  apex,  the  outer  apical  angle  rounded, 
piceous  in  color,  the  costa  with  grayish  spots  and  this  together  with 
the  gray  cross-veins  give  the  insect  a  speckled  appearance;  veins 
raised.  Wings  hyaline,  venation  fuscous,  basal  third  clouded  with 
fuscous,  with  blue  basal  spots.  Abdomen  robust,  black  beneath, 
sanguineous  dorsally,  base  marked  with  black,  with  six  round  black 
spots  on  each  side  of  median  ridge  arranged  in  two  rows,  and  in  ad- 
dition a  few  minute  black  dots;  anal  appendage  clothed  with  short 
white  waxy  secretion.  Legs  black,  somewhat  foliaceous,  the  first 
and  second  pairs  banded  with  white,  the  third  pair  with  five  lateral 
spines  on  outer  edge,  bases  marked  with  grayish  spots. 

Length  of  body  9-12  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  13-17  mm.;  hum- 
eral width  4.5-6  mm. 

Redescribed  from  numerous  specimens  of  both  sexes 
taken  by  students  from  April  26 — Oct.  23  at  Agr.  College, 
Miss. ;  Booneville,  Miss.,  July  20,  H.  Parker ;  Verona,  Miss., 
J.  P.  Gracy.  The  sumac  is  the  only  known  host  plant. 

THE  SUBFAMILY  DICTYOPHORINAE  (SPIN.) 
Spinola,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  viii,  pp.  202,  183,  1839. 

This  subfamily  is  especially  well  represented  in  the 
New  World,  seven  genera  being  known  from  the  United 
States  alone.  Only  three  of  these,  Dictyophora,  Scolops 
and  Phylloscelis,  are  known  to  occur,  however,  in  the 
eastern  half  of  the  United  States. 

Members  of  these  three  genera  at  least  are  all  grass- 
feeding  forms  and  occur  rather  abundantly,  particularly 
in  low,  damp  meadows.  They  are  among  our  most  gro- 
tesque and  bizarre  insects  and  arouse  interest  whenever 
observed. 

The  anal  area  of  the  elytra  is  rarely  reticulated  and 
the  clypeus  is  without  lateral  carinae;  the  veins  of  the 
clavus  do  not  attain  the  apex  but  are  united  with  the  com- 
missural  margin  before  the  apex;  frons  without  an  ocellus 
at  its  apex. 

Key  to  the  genera 

Vertex   triangularly   produced;    elytra   greenish    hyaline,   the   apical 

area  more  or  less  reticulate, Dictyophora   Germ. 

29 


Vertex  produced  in  a  linear  cephalic  process,  the  lateral  margins 
slightly  dilated  and  flexed;  elytra  not  transparent  hyaline  but 
usually  grayish  straw-colored  with  fuscous  markings,  the  veins  very 
prominent  and  usually  spotted, Scolops  Germ. 

Vertex  short;  front  femora  expanded  leaf -like Phylloscelis  Germ. 


Fig.  12 — Adult  Dictyophora  sp.  (after  Osborn) 

THE  GENUS  DICTYOPHORA  GERMAR 

The  genus  Dictyophora  was  erected  by  Germar  in  1833, 
based  upon  the  species,  Fulgora  europaea  of  Linnaeus.  It 
is  well  represented  in  the  United  States  by  five  species, 
three  of  which  are  common  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains 
and  especially  so  in  the  Southern  States.  Although  feeders 
on  meadow  grasses  their  exact  economic  status  is  not 
known. 

Briefly  characterized  as  follows:  Vertex  narrow,  produced  in  a 
more  or  less  elongate,  rather  obtusely  pointed  process,  with  three 
longitudinal  carinae.  Frons  very  long  and  narrow,  with  a  long 
median  carina  that  is  continued  through  the  clypeus,  and  another  on 
each  side  that  runs  to  the  apex  of  the  frons.  Eyes  ovate.  Antennae 
short.  Pronotum  slightly  produced  between  the  eyes,  angularly  cut 
out  behind,  tricarinate  on  disc,  and  on  the  side  lobes  behind  the  eyes 
are  three  side  keels  or  carinae.  Elytra  longer  than  the  abdomen, 
hyaline,  usually  bright  grass-green  and  more  or  less  reticulate;  a 
net  work  of  veins  is  formed  by  divisions  of  the  sectors  and  by  the 
numerous  cross  veins  at  the  apex.  Hind  femora  with  a  triangular 
pointed  tooth  and  the  hind  tibiae  with  five  or  six  strong  spines. 


Logotype  of  the  genus:     Dictyophora  europaea  Linn. 
The  following  key  is  adapted  from  publications  of  Gib- 
son and  Metcalf. 

Key  to  North  American  species  of  Dictyophora 

1.  Transverse  veinlets  of  the  elytra  forming  three  nearly  regular 
bands, dioxys    Walk. 

...     Transverse  veinlets  of  elytra  in  no  regular  pattern, .2. 

2.  Length  of  vertex  slightly  longer  than  its  basal  width, 4. 

3.  Length  of  vertex  twice  or  more  its  basal  width, 

Head  process  slender,  intermediate  carinae  of  f rons  nearly  parallel, 
plates  longer  than  the  ovipositor, : microrhina  Walk. 

...     Head  process  stout,  nearly  parallel  sided,  intermediate  carinae  of 

frons  not  parallel,  ovipositor  slightly  longer  than  plates 

recurva  Metcalf. 

4.  Frontal  carinae  meeting  in  an  obtuse  angle  and  tinged  with  black; 
female  plates  short,  extremely  broad  and  rounding,.. ..florens  Stal 

...     Frontal  carinae  meeting  in  an  acute  angle  and  not  tinged  with 
black;  female  plates  long  and  narrow, lingula  Van  D. 

Dictyophora  microrhina  WALKER 
(1851  List  Homop.  in  the  British  Museum,  i,  p.  315). 

This  is  our  most  common  and  widely  distributed  species 
and  is  distinguished  at  once  by  its  very  long  head. 

Recorded  from  N.  Y.,  N.  J.,  N.  C.,  Fla.,  La.  and  Kans. 

Body  a  bright  grass-green.  Head  narrower  than  the  pronotum. 
Vertex  very  long,  more  than  twice  as  long  as  its  basal  width,  slightly 
turned  upwards,  the  elevation  varying  considerably  within  the  species, 
a  slight  indication  of  a  median  carina  at  the  base.  Frons  elongate 
and  narrow,  a  median  and  two  lateral  carinae,  all  straight  and 
parallel  throughout  their  length  and  converging  to  a  point  on  the  suba- 
cute  base.  Elytra  long  and  narrow,  pale  greenish  hyaline  with  the 
nervures  green;  the  apical  half  very  finely  reticulated.  Tibiae  rufous 
testaceous. 

Male  pygofer  with  ventral  margin  very  deeply  and  obtusely  emargi- 
nate;  the  genital  styles  or  plates  long,  rather  straight,  the  surface 
somewhat  arched,  the  tips  rounded  outward.  The  plates  of  the  female 
are  ferrugineous,  ligulate,  and  scarcely  attaining  the  ends  of  the 
green  anal  tube. 

Length  of  body  8.5-11  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  11-15  mm. 

Redescribed  from  a  series  of  adults  and  nymphs  taken 
by  the  writer  by  sweeping  coarse  grasses  in  pine  lands 
during  1921  at  the  following  localities  in  Mississippi: 
Pascagoula,  July  5,  1920 ;  Port  Gibson,  July  22 ;  Woodville, 
July  26;  and  Laurel,  August  12.  He  has  also  taken  this 

31 


species  while  sweeping  the  grassy  floor  of  high  pine  land 
at  Columbia,  So.  Car.,  Aug.  18,  1919.  Mr.  F.  M.  Hull  has 
sent  the  writer  a  series  collected  by  himself  at  Kingsville, 
Texas,  during  June  and  July,  1921. 

Dictyophora  recurva  METCALF 
(1923  Jr.  of  the  Elisha  Mitchell  Soc.,  Vol.  38,  p.  174). 

This  species  has  been  only  recently  described  by  Met- 
calf  from  a  pair  of  specimens  collected  at  Southern  Pines, 
North  Carolina,  by  A..H.  Manee.  The  original  description 
is  here  given. 

"This  species  may  be  distinguished  from  Dictyophora  microrhina 
Walker,  to  which  it  is  closely  related,  by  the  more  robust  cephalic 
process  which  is  parallel-sided  and  not  tapering  as  in  D.  microrhina 
and  the  genital  characters  are  different. 

Vertex  more  than  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  nearly  parallel- 
sided  and  not  much  narrowed  toward  the  apex;  median  carina 
extending  from  base  to  apex;  genae  with  a  median  carina  from  the 
eye,  almost  to  the  apex;  frons  rather  broad;  clypeal  expansion  very 
slight;  intermediate  carinae  more  widely  separated  than  in  D.  'micro- 
rhina; fore  wings  very  finely  reticulate;  female  pygofers  much  longer 
and  more  slender  than  in  D.  microrhina,  not  so  deeply  curved  and  not 
as  much  constricted  at  the  base;  ovipositors  slightly  exceeding  the 
pygofers  with  small  teeth;  subanal  plate  parallel-sided,  reflexed 
border  narrow;  male  plates  rather  long,  blunt  at  the  tip,  slightly 
exceeded  by  the  anal  plate. 

Color:  Grass  green;  fore  and  middle  tibiae  and  apical  segment 
of  the  labium  suffused  with  scarlet  red;  tip  of  the  labium  and  of  the 
tarsal  claws  only,  black. 

Length,  apex  of  vertex  to  apex  of  abdomen,  11-12  mm.;  tip  of  wing 
14-15  mm.;  wing  expanse  24-25  mm." 

Dictyophora  florens  STAL 
(1861  Bidr.  Rio  Jan.  Hemip.,  ii,  p.  64). 

This  is  a  neotropical  species,  definitely  recorded  in  the 
United  States  only  from  Kansas. 

Distinguished  at  once  by  its  very  short  vertex  and  its 
wide  front  with  the  carinae  meeting  in  an  obtuse  angle 
and  being  tinged  with  black  just  before  and  at  their  point 
of  meeting. 

Body  a  bright  grass-green.  Vertex  a  little  longer  than  its  basal 
width,  the  median  carina  percurrent.  Frons  broad,  the  margins 
strongly  reflexed  and  a  little  expanded  before  the  eyes  and  next  the 

32 


clypeus;  three  prominent,  longitudinal  carinae,  the  lateral  ones  almost 
attaining  the  clypeal  margin,  diverging  toward  the  base  where  they 
roundingly  converge  and  meet  in  an  obtuse  angle,  and  together  with 
the  marginal  carinae  are  marked  with  black.  Eyes  reddish-brown. 
Pronotum  and  scutellum  tricarinate,  those  of  the  latter  converging 
and  meeting  before  attaining  the  anterior  margin.  Elytra  long  and 
narrow,  pale  greenish  hyaline,  with  the  nervures  green. 

Sides  of  the  male  genital  segment  slightly  oblique  at  the  apex, 
the  dorsal  angle  very  obtusely  rounded. 

Female  valve  short,  transverse,  and  oblique  within;  the  plates 
oblong,  rounded  at  apex,  oblique,  and  not  attaining  the  apex  of  the 
pygofers. 

Length  of  body  8.25  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  12.50  mm. 

Redescribed  from  a  series  of  both  sexes  taken  by  the 
writer  by  sweeping  coarse  grasses  in  low  places  at  Fruit- 
land  Park,  Aug.  17,  1920,  Harvey,  Aug.  20,  1920,  and 
Greenville,  Miss.,  Sept.  15,  1921.  The  writer  also  swept 
this  species  in  great  abundance  from  grasses  on  floor  of 
high  longleaf  pine  land  at  Columbia,  So.  Car.,  Aug.  17, 
1917.  C.  J.  Drake  collected  a  number  at  Gainesville,  Fla., 
July  4,  1918. 

Dictyophora  lingula  VAN  DUZEE 
(1907  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  lix,  p.  470). 
Recorded  from  N.  J.,  N.  C.  and  Florida. 
Very  closely  allied  to  florens,  the  vertex  is  of  about  the 
same  length  but  the  frontal  carinae  are    without    black 
markings  near  the  base. 

Body  pale  green.  Vertex  a  little  more  produced  than  in  florens, 
the  carinae  distinct.  Frons  somewhat  broader,  its  sides  almost  recti- 
linear, the  three  discal  carinae  prominent,  slightly  diverging  to  a 
point  before  the  anterior  angle  of  the  eyes,  then  deflected  and  running 
straight  to  the  apex  where  they  unite  in  an  acute  angle.  The  beak  or 
rostrum  is  longer  than  in  florens,  distinctly  surpassing  the  posterior 
trochanters.  Pronotum  and  scutellum  tricarinate,  the  carinae  on  the 
latter  more  parallel  than  in  florens  and  almost  continuous  with  those 
of  the  pronotum.  Elytra  a  little  narrower  and  more  slender,  with  a 
closer  venation  at  the  apex,  pale  hyaline  green.  Legs  pale  green, 
the  tibiae  tinged  with  rufous. 

Sides  of  the  male  pygofer  very  oblique,  extended  to  a  subacute 
angle  dorsally;  the  plates  long,  ovate,  obtuse  at  apex  and  attaining 
the  tip  of  the  pygofers. 

Female  valves  longer  than  broad,  parallel  at  base  within;  the 
plates  long  and  strap-shaped,  curved  upwards  and  reaching  the  apex 
of  the  pygofers. 

33 


Length  of  body  8-8.25  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  11-11.50  mm. 
Taken  very  abundantly  by  the  writer  by  sweeping  coarse 
grasses  in  low  flat  pine  land,  etc.,  during  1920  at  the  fol- 
lowing places  in  Mississippi :  Pascagoula,  July  6 ;  Helena, 
July  13;  Big  Point,  July  15;  Lumberton,  Aug.  26;  Ship 
Island,  Sept.  6;  Cat  Island,  Sept.  7.  Taken  at  Greenville, 
Sept.  15,  by  F.  M.  Hull.  The  writer  has  also  taken  this 
species  in  South  Carolina  and  Florida. 

Dictyophora  dioxys  WALKER 
(1858  List  Homop.  in  Br.  Museum  Suppl.,  p.  61). 

This  species  is  chiefly  neotropical  but  is  recorded  from 
Maryland  and  Mississippi.  It  is  well  illustrated  in  the 
Biologia  Centrali-Americana  and  may  be  easily  distin- 
guished by  the  cross-veinlets  of  the  elytra  forming  three 
more  or  less  regular  bands.  The  vertex  is  scarcely  twice 
as  long  as  wide  and  is  intermediate  in  length  between  those 
of  microrhina  and  lingula. 

"Female.  Green.  Head  testaceous;  vertex  not  longer  than  broad, 
with  the  head  and  the  slightly  elevated  borders  green.  Protuberance 
conical,  quadrilateral,  longer  than  the  vertex,  with  an  angular  keel 
on  each  side;  underside  with  three  keels,  the  lateral  pair  continued 
along  the  front,  which  is  long  and  linear;  face  lanceolate,  with  one 
keel.  Prothorax  above  short,  with  three  keels,  conical  in  front,  acutely 
angular  on  the  hind  border;  a  keel  on  each  side.  Meso thorax  with 
three  parallel  keels.  Wings  vitreous;  veins  black,  green  towards 
the  base.  Fore  wings  with  a  green  stigma,  containing  three  veinlets; 
transverse  veinlets  forming  three  nearly  regular  bands;  veins  forked 
at  the  tips.  Hind  wings  with  -a  few  veinlets.  Length  of  body  4 
lines;  of  the  wings,  10  lines. 

a.     Mexico.  From  M.  Salle's  collection." 

Although  this  species  is  recorded  from  Mississippi  and 
the  writer  has  collected  throughout  the  state,  he  did  not 
find  it. 

THE  GENUS  SCOLOPS  SCHAUM 

This  peculiar,  distinctly  North  American  genus  was 
erected  by  Schaum  in  1850.  It  contains  eighteen  species 
in  addition  to  pungens  of  Germar,  a  species  long  lost  and 
unrecognized  by  modern  hemipterists.  Five  species  occur 
in  the  Southern  States  and  perhaps  a  sixth  one,  viridis. 

These  are  all  grass-feeding  forms  and  are  well  distri- 
buted over  most  of  the  United  States.  In  the  South  they 

34 


are  taken  abundantly  by  sweeping  grass  in  the  open  and 
cut-over  pine  lands  and  where  the  ground  is  particularly 
damp. 

Both  short-winged  and  longed-winged  forms  occur  in 
members  of  this  genus,  only  adding  to  the  difficulty  in 
correctly  placing  the  species. 

Briefly  characterized  as  follows:  Head  behind  the  eyes  distinctly 
calloused;  the  vertex  very  long  and  narrow,  much  produced,  the 
lateral  margins  slightly  dilated  and  reflexed,  the  cephalic  process 
arched  upwards.  Frons  long  and  narrow,  tricarinate;  clypeus  long, 
with  a  prominent  median  keel,  and  obliquely  striated  on  the  sides. 
Pronotum  produced  in  front  between  the  eyes,  the  hind  margin  emargi- 
nate,  tricarinate.  Scutellum  distinctly  tricarinate.  Elytra  either 
brachypterous  or  macropterous,  usually  grayish  with  coarse  nervures 
interrupted  with  fuscous.  In  the  brachypterous  form  the  elytra  are 
usually  long  oval,  barely  longer  than  the  abdomen,  and  rounded  at 
the  tips.  Posterior  tibiae  armed  with  five  to  eight  thick  spines. 

Type  of  the  genus:     Scolops  sulcipes  Say. 

Key  to  the  species  of  Scolops 

1.  Cross-veins  of  the  elytra  numerous;  frontal  process  slender  and 

acute  sulcipes  Say 

Cross-veins  few  and  near  the  apex 2 

2.  Cephalic   process  long,   not   acute;    length   from   eyes   to   tip   of 

elytra,  4  1-2 — 5  mm perdix  Uhl. 

Cephalic  process  long,  less  acute;  6  1-2 — 7  mm spurcus  Uhl. 

Cephalic  process  short  and  very  slender;  7-8  mm...angustatus  Uhl. 
Cephalic  process  of  medium  thickness,  not  acute;   6 — 6  1-2  mm. 
dessicatus   Uhl. 

Scolops  sulcipes  SAY 

(1825  Jr.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  iv,  p.  335;  Compl.  Writ, 
ii,  p.  254,  Fulgora) . 

Widely  distributed  throughout  the  United  States  and 
Canada.  It  may  be  recognized  by  its  rather  round  and  con- 
vex general  appearance,  the  numerous  areoles  behind  the 
middle  of  the  corium,  and  the  black  spots  along  the  inner 
margins  of  the  veins,  instead  of  upon  them. 

Body  pale  grayish-brown,  the  head  yellowish-green.  The  cephalic 
process  long,  slender  and  acute,  bent  upwards,  two  rather  indistinct 
black  points  between  the  eyes.  Frons  long  and  narrow,  tricarinate, 
pale.  Pronotum  produced  in  front,  three  rather  straight  longitudinal 
carinae  on  disc,  a  small  black  dot  on  each  side  of  the  median  carina; 
somewhat  infuscated  behind  the  eyes  on  the  anterior  margin  of  the 
sides.  Scutellum  tricarinate,  two  black  dots  between  the  carinae 
nearer  the  posterior  margin  and  one  outside  of  lateral  carinae  on  each 

35 


side.  Elytra  with  pale  nervures,  which  are  margined  with  black.  Legs 
long,  carinated,  the  anterior  and  intermediate  tibiae  with  a  ring, 
the  tip  and  tarsi  black;  posterior  tibiae  with  six  or  seven  stout  spines. 

Length  from  eye  to  apex  of  venter  5-6  mm.;  to  tip  of  elytra  6-7 
mm;  Length  of  cephalic  process  2  1-4  mm. 

There  are  no  authentic  Mississippi  records. 

Scolops  perdix  UHLER 
(1900  Trans.  Md.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  p.  405). 
Recorded  from  Mass.,  N.  Y.,  N.  J.,  Md.,  D.  C.,  N.  C.,  Colo, 
and  Ariz. 

This  is  our  smallest  species  of  Scolops. 
The  original  description  is  quoted  here. 

"Pale  straw  yellow,  or  gray  above,  cephalic  process  moderately 
long,  slender,  tapering,  rounded  at  tip,  deeply  sulcated,  with  a  very 
convex  knob  on  the  middle  of  the  vertex,  the  front  with  rows  of 
minute  brownish  dots.  Pronotum  short,  the  central  tablet  with  two 
very  deep  sunken  black  pits,  the  posterior  side  and  the  margins  each 
side  deeply  sinuated;  the  mesonotal  tablet  large,  distinctly  carinated. 
with  a  black  dot  on  each  side  posteriorly.  Hemelytra  narrow,  with 
very  few  veins,  two  forks  of  unequal  length  running  back  to  the  tip, 
veins  obsoletely  and  very  sparingly  flecked  with  brown,  the  apex 
narrow,  having  four  or  five  small  apical  areolets  mostly  caused  by 
forking  of  the  veins,  costal  border  often  broadly  white,  very  moder- 
ately curved.  Legs  narrow,  of  medium  length,  but  little  marked  with 
brown,  or  obsoletely  clouded.  Meso-  and  metasternum  whitish,  the 
latter  deeply  emarginate.  Base  of  venter  also  whitish.  Anterior 
femora  flattened,  posterior  tibiae  with  five  stout,  piceous  spines. 
Rostrum  reaching  almost  to  the  apex  of  the  venter,  as  usual  black 
at  tip. 

Length  from  eyes  to  tip  of  abdomen  4 — 4  1-2  mm.;  to  apex  of 
hemelytra  4  1-2 — 5  mm.  Width  of  pronotum  2  1-4  mm.  Length  of 
process  1  3-4  mm." 

Taken  very  abundantly  by  the  writer  sweeping  the 
grassy  floor  of  cut-over  and  open  pine  land  in  Mississippi 
during  July,  1921,  at  Tupelo,  Ellisville,  Poplarville,  Lyman 
and  Biloxi. 

Scolops  spurcus  UHLER 
(1900  Trans.  Md.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  p.  403). 
Recorded  from  N.  J.,  Md.,  D.  C.,  Mo.  and  Kansas. 
The  original  description  is  quoted  here. 

"Grayish  straw  color,  marked  with  black,  larger  than  either  of 
the  other  species,  and  with  coarser  veins  than  S.  sulcipes;  tinged 
with  greenish  when  fresh.  Frontal  process  long,  narrow,  almost 
parallel-sided,  truncated  at  tip,  vertex  deeply  excavated,  the  central 

36 


knob  large,  highly  polishd,  face  pale,  flecked  with  brown,  space 
between  the  outer  carina  and  the  carinate  margin  narrower  than  in 
S.  sulcipes,  and  not  abruptly  contracted  above,  sulci  remotely  punc- 
tuate, clypeus  stained  with  brown,  gradually  widening  below,  rostrum 
reaching  to  the  posterior  coxae.  Pronotum  short,  lunate,  with  the 
lateral  margins  gently  curved,  and  the  latero-posterior  margin  widely 
sinuated,  the  callosities  carrying  three  dark,  or  black,  grains,  central 
tablet  longer  than  wide  with  the  two  central  indented  points  black, 
the  middle  carina  thick  and  piceous,  mesonotum  almost  smooth,  wider 
than  long,  pale  orange  yellow,  acute  at  tip,  sinuated  each  side,  the 
femora  and  anterior  tibiae  carinated  on  the  middle  line,  scabrous 
and  pointed  with  brown,  the  anterior  and  middle  tibiae  faintly,  broadly 
brown  at  base  and  tip,  posterior  tibiae  pale,  set  with  eight  blackish 
spines  on  the  carinate  edge,  and  with  a  crown  of  thick  spines  at  tip, 
apex  of  tarsi  and  nails  piceous.  Hemelytra  pale  gray,  with  a  fuscous 
arc  near  tip,  veins  coarse,  whitish,  interrupted  with  black,  long, 
nearly  straight,  without  cross-veins  before  the  apex,  inner  vein  acutely 
forked  at  the  middle,  the  middle  vein  twice  forked,  tip  with  a  trans- 
verse series  of  six  small,  not  uniform  areoles;  wings  smoke  blackish, 
with  three  forked  and  one  cross  vein,  posterior  border  with  one  small, 
triangular  areole.  Tergum  mostly  smoke  brown.  Mesosternal  plates 
white,  or  greenish,  dusky  on  the  middle,  a  little  sinuated  behind, 
metasternum  narrow,  whitish,  blackish  exteriorly,  triangularly  emarg- 
inated  each  side  and  on  the  middle  of  the  posterior  margin,  middle 
line  incised.  Venter  clouded  with  gray  and  fuscous. 

Length  from  eye  to  apex  of  venter  5  1-2 — 6  mm.;  to  tip  of 
hemelytra  6  1-2 — 7  mm.  Length  of  cephalic  process  2  mm." 

The  writer  took  a  series  of  both  macropterous  and 
brachypterous  individuals  at  Ocean  Springs,  Miss.,  July 
24,  1920,  and  at  Agr.  College,  Miss.,  that  he  identifies  as 
this  species. 

Scolops  dessicatus  UHLER 
(1900  Trans.  Md.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  p.  403). 

Recorded  from  N.  J.,  Md.,  D.  C.,  Mo.  and  Kansas. 
The  original  description  is  quoted  here. 

"Dull  pale  smoky  whitish,  of  nearly  the  same  form  as  S.  sulcipes, 
but  with  the  cephalic  process  a  little  thicker  and  nearly  parallel- 
sided,  not  tapering  towards  the  tip,  and  the  veins  dotted  with  pale 
fuscous.  Front  minutely  flecked  with  brown,  which  becomes  denser 
and  more  conspicuous  on  the  clypeus;  rostrum  reaching  upon  the 
posterior  coxae.  Pronotum  wide  and  short,  the  lateral  margins 
oblique,  very  gently  curved,  broadly  whitish  yellow,  the  posterior 
margin  deeply  sinuated,  having  two  large  impressed  points  on  the 
middle  of  the  shield,  and  the  anterior  margin  of  this  shield  bilobate; 
mesonotum  pale  orange,  almost  flat,  a  little  shaded  with  brown,  desti- 
tute of  a  carinate  line  on  the  middle,  and  with  an  indented  point 

37 


each  side  of  the  pale  apex.  Hemelytra  soiled  with  pale  brown,  the 
veins  few,  very  prominent,  pale  interrupted  with  brown,  the  spots 
more  conspicuous  on  the  costa,  exterior  ulnar  twice  forked,  the  inner 
ulnar  forked,  all  of  these  divarications  bounding  long,  narrow  areas, 
three  rows  of  slender  cross-veins  before  the  apex,  the  apical  series 
has  four  small  areoles,  those  of  the  middle  quadrangular.  Wings  a 
little  dusky.  Underside  pale  straw  yellow,  irregular  spotted  and 
marked  with  dull  brown;  metasternum  deeply  excavated  and  acutely 
margined  each  side.  Legs  moderate,  much  darkened  with  brownish 
clouds  and  specks. 

Length  to  tip  of  hemelytra  6 — 6  1-2  mm,  to  end  of  abdomen  5 — 
5  1-2  mm.  Width  of  pronotum  2  mm.  Length  of  cephalic  process 
1  3-4  mm." 

There  is  no  authentic  record  of  this  species  in  Mississippi. 

Scolops  parvulus  METCALF 
(1923  Jr.  Elisha  Mitchell  Soc.,  38,  p.  175). 

This  species  has  been  recently  described  from  a  pair 
collected  at  Southern  Pines,  No.  Car.,  June  14,  1918.  As 
the  writer  has  not  seen  these,  the  original  description  is 
given  here. 

"This  species  may  be  recognized  by  its  small  size  and  by  the  stout 
gradually  tapering  cephalic  process. 

Disk  of  the  vertex  broad,  well  rounded,  being  much  broader  than 
in  any  other  species  known  to  me;  cephalic  process  broad,  stout, 
intermediate  between  the  process  of  sulcipes  and  grossus;  general 
form  broad  and  oval,  wing  veins  sharp  and  distinct. 

Color:  General  color  fuscous,  with  the  eyes,  lateral  areas  of  the 
pronotum,  tips  of  the  wings,  the  tibiae  and  the  tarsi,  blackish. 

Length,  eyes  to  tip  of  the  abdomen  3.50  mm.;  cephalic  process 
2.40  mm." 

Scolops  (mgustaius  UHLER 
(1876  Bui.  U.  S.  Geol.  &  Geog.  Surv.,  i,  p.  350). 

A  very  widely  distributed  species  over  the  United  States. 
The  original  description  is  quoted  here. 

"More  slender  than  sulcipes,  hesperius,  and  grossus;  the  hemelytra 
almost  flat  above,  hardly  gibbous  on  the  sides;  head  more  or  less 
orange-yellow,  with  the  face,  sides  of  protuberance,  and  ridges  of 
the  front  brownish;  cephalic  horn  very  short  and  narrow,  but  blunt 
at  tip;  cranium  with  two  black,  impressed  dots  between  the  eyes; 
rostrum  reaching  to  the  end  of  the  fourth  ventral  segment,  yellow, 
black  at  tip,  the  lobes  behind  the  eyes  with  a  small  black  dot.  Pro- 
notum with  an  arcuated  series  of  indented  black  points,  the  lateral 
margins  obliquely  curved  toward  the  head;  pale,  grooved,  and  brown 
behind  the  eyes,  and  with  the  carinate  edge  whitish.  Mesonotum 

38 


varied  with  brown,  and  with  a  series  of  black,  indented  points  across 
it,  the  tegular  pieces  a  little  confluently  punctate;  pleura  washed 
with  pale  brown  and  flecked  with  dark  brown;  legs  flecked  with 
fuscous,  the  tibiae  with  two  or  more  dark,  band-like  shades;  hemely- 
tra  infuscated,  moderately  flat,  the  costal  margin  very  feebly  ar- 
cuated, a  broad  longitudinal  vitta  extending  to  the  tip,  a  streak  on 
the  suture  of  the  clavus,  several  coalescing  spots  running  back  from 
the  apex  interiorly,  and  interrupted  flecks  on  the  nervures  dark 
brown;  the  costal  area  whitish  throughout,  nervures  stout,  the  first 
ulnar  neivure  forked  considerably  behind  the  middle,  and  the  second 
ulnar  forked  at  a  little  distance  behind  the  middle.  Wings  smoky, 
the  nervures  darkened.  Disk  of  tergum  black,  with  the  sides  orange- 
yellow.  Venter  faintly  brownish,  flecked  with  yellowish. 

Length  from  tip  of  head  to  end  of  hemelytra,  7  to  8  millimeters. 
Width  of  pronotum,  2  1-4  to  2  1-2  millimeters.  Length  of  cephalic 
horn,  1  1-2  millimeters." 

The  writer  has  specimens  collected  at  Pascagoula,  Miss.,  that  he 
believes  belong  to  this  species. 

THE  GENUS  PHYLLOSCELIS  GERMAR 

This  genus  consists  of  two  species  and  a  variety  and 
these  are  among  the  most  curious-looking  members  of  the 
family.  They  occur  in  both  macropterous  and  brachyp- 
terous  forms,  but  the  long-winged  specimens  are  met  with 
only  occasionally.  The  adults,  which  are  extremely  variable  in 
size,  structure,  color  and  habits,  are  characterized  by  having 
a  short  vertex,  prominent  eyes  and  leaf -like  front  femora. 
The  hind  legs  can  be  doubled  up  tightly,  the  tibiae  fitting 
into  grooves  in  the  distal  part  of  the  femora,  and  are  armed 
with  a  row  of  four  to  six  spines  on  the  outer  carina  and  a 
crown  of  eight  stout  spines  on  the  tip.  The  legs  are 
powerful  jumping  organs. 

Key  to  the  species  of  Phylloscelis 

Dark  fuscous,  usually  black,  the  frons  fuscous;  venation  not  promi- 
nent,   atra  Germ. 

Grayish-yellow,  thickly  and  finely  dotted  with  black,  venation  promi- 
nent, frons  thickly  and  finely  dotted  with  white,  the  clypeus  with 
black  transverse-oblique  bands, pallescens  Germ. 

Phylloscelis  atra  GERMAR 
(1839  Zeit.  fur.  Ent.,  i,  p.  192). 

Recorded  from  N.  Y.,  N.  J.,  Pa.,  Md.,  D.  C.,  Va.,  N.  C., 

Ga.,  Fla.,  Miss.,  Ohio,  Kans.,  Mo.,  111.,  Ark.,  Okla.  and  Texas. 

This  species  is  one  of  the  few  fulgorids  that  are  of  real 

39 


economic  importance  in  temperate  America.  It  does  serious 
damage  to  the  cranberry  bogs  on  Long  Island,  N.  Y.,  where 
the  name  of  "Cranberry  Toad-Bug"  is  given  it.  Sirrine 
and  Fulton  (N.  Y.  Expt.  Sta.  Bui.  377)  give  its  life  history 
and  describe  the  five  nymphal  instars  and  the  adult. 

Dark  fuscous  or  black,  of  elliptical  form,  at  times  with  contrasting 
venation.  Head,  thorax,  and  legs  speckled  with  small  round  dots. 
Vertex  short  and  broadly  rounded,  the  disc  depressed  but  slightly 
raised  in  the  center,  the  sides  and  the  hind  margins  elevated ;  bounded 
in  front  by  a  pair  of  carinae  which  meet  at  the  apex  in  an  obtuse 
angle.  Frons  long,  with  distinct  median  carina  and  more  or  less 
obscure  lateral  ones;  an  oblique  white  band  extending  from  base  of 
the  beak  up  and  across  the  gena  and  lateral  lobes  of  the  pronotum; 
clypeus  fuscous.  Eyes  prominent,  usully  brownish,  revealing  at  times 
light  markings.  Pronotum  short,  black.  Scutellum  broadly  triangu- 
lar, usually  lighter  in  color.  Elytra  coriaceous,  black,  at  times  with 
a  metallic  lustre;  the  veins  run  parallel  and  branch  mostly  near  the 
base  and  with  two  or  three  series  of  cross-veins  near  the  apex.  In 
short-winged  forms  the  elytra  are  convex,  in  the  long-winged  forms 
more  flat.  There  is  no  constancy  in  the  venation  of  either  form  and 
the  veins  are  only  slightly  prominent.  Hind  wings  thin  and  delicate. 
In  the  long-winged  forms  they  reach  nearly  to  the  tip  of  the  elytra, 
and  in  the  short-winged  forms  they  are  aborted.  Front  femora  broad 
and  foliaceous,  black  with  scattered  white  dots,  in  the  middle  of  the 
upper  and  lower  edges  of  the  femora  and  on  the  tip,  usually  a  large 
white  fleck;  hind  femora  grooved  on  the  distal  part  to  receive  the 
tibiae;  tibiae  are  all  triangular;  middle  and  hind  legs  fuscous,  finely 
and  sparsely  marked  with  white. 

Length  to  tip  of  brachypterous  elytra  4 — 5.50  mm.;  to  tip  of 
macropterous  elytra  6.75  mm.;  width  3  mm. 

VAR.  albovenosa  MELICHAR 
(1906  Abh.  K.  K.  Zool-Bot.  Ges.  Wien.,  iii,  p.  179,  fig.  39) 

This  color  variety  although  less  common  than  the  typi- 
cal atra  occurs  along  with  it  in  similar  habitats. 

Body  rusty-yellow;  frons  rusty  yellowish;  scutellum  pale;  elytra 
black  with  yellowish- white  bordered  veins;  these  areas  vary  much 
in  extent  and  definition  and  are  occasionally  rusty-yellowish  in  color; 
beneath  and  legs  rusty-yellow,  the  front  femora  somewhat  diffused 
with  blackish  on  the  edges,  with  scattered  white  dots  and  flecks; 
edges  of  the  tibiae,  tarsi,  and  spurs  of  the  hind  legs  black. 

Both  typical  atra  and  its  variety  were  taken  abundantly 
by  the  writer  by  sweeping  grass  in  low  f latwoods  at  Pasca- 
goula,  Miss.,  July  12,  1920,  and  in  high  pine  land  at  Ellis- 
ville,  Miss.,  Aug.  24,  1920.  Adults  and  nymphs  were 

40 


abundant  at  Helena,  July  13,  1920.  Both  of  these  have 
also  been  taken  by  the  writer  at  Columbia,  So.  Car.,  Aug. 
1916;  and  at  Durant,  Miss.,  July  14,  1921,  and  by  Geo-  G. 


Fig.  13 — Phylloscelis  atra  var.  albovenosa  Melichar,  enlarged. 

(Original) 

Ainslie  at  Nashville,  Aug.  1921,  Knoxville,  Sept.  14,  1916, 
and  Union  City,  Tenn.,  Aug.  29,  1919.  The  writer  has  also 
taken  this  species  and  its  variety. in  Florida  and  at  Colum- 
bia, So.  Car.,  Aug.  18,  1919. 

Phylloscelis  pallescens  GERMAR 
(1839  Zeit.  fur.  Ent,  i,  p.  192). 

Recorded  from  Mass.,  N.  Y.,  N.  J.,  Pa.,  N.  C.,  Fla.,  la., 
Ark.  and  Texas. 

Grayish-yellow,  thickly  and  finely  dotted  with  black.  Frons  with 
three  distinct,  parallel  longitudinal  carinae  which  are  thickly  and 
finely  spotted;  clypeus  with  black  transverse-oblique  streaks.  Eyes 
gray,  with  dark  transverse  bands.  Elytra  grayish,  nearly  translucent, 
with  numerous,  branched,  longitudinal  veins  which  are  prominent 
and  flecked  with  black  and  white.  Wings  lacking.  Entire  underside 
black  finely  dotted  with  white.  Legs  black,  the  leaf-like  expanded 
fore  femora  black,  dotted  with  white,  a  large  white  marginal  area 
in  the  middle  of  the  upper  and  lower  edges  and  on  the  tip;  front 
tibiae  black  at  base,  dotted  with  white,  white  in  the  middle,  the  tip 
black.  The  middle  and  hind  legs  black,  dotted  with  white,  the  disc  of 
the  middle  tibiae  and  the  base  of  the  hind  tarsi  whitish. 

Length  to  tip  of  brachypterous  elytra  4  1-2  mm.;  width  2.75  mm. 

A  single  specimen  was  taken  by  the  writer  while  sweep- 

41 


ing  underbrush  at  edge  of  a  gum  swamp  at  Fruitland  Park, 
Miss.,  Aug.  17,  1920.  Van  Duzee  states  that  he  found  this 
species  "not  uncommon  among  the  sparse  grasses  and  low 
huckleberry  bushes  on  the  pine  barrens  at  Estero,  Fla." 

THE  SUBFAMILY  ACHILINAE  STAL 
(Stal,  Hemipt.  Africana,  iv,  p.  130,  1866,  Achilida). 

The  subfamily  Achilinae  is  characterized  by  having  the 
elytra,  when  broad,  held  horizontal,  distinctly  ampliated 
within  and  overlapping  beyond  the  apex  of  the  clavus ;  the 
head  is  usually  much  narrower  than  the  scutellum  and,  if 
as  wide,  the  pronotum  is  emarginate  behind  and  tricari- 
nate. 

Only  two  genera  are  represented  in  the  United  States, 
Epiptera  and  Catonia.  The  latter  is  distinguished  from 
Epiptera  by  its  narrower,  more  elongate  form,  and  the 
much  shorter  pronotum  which  forms  a  rounded  flap  behind 
the  eyes  and  not  a  longitudinal  compartment  as  in  Catonia. 
The  species  of  Catonia  are  all  very  small  and  have  the  basal 
segment  of  the  antenna  almost  globular,  while  in  Epiptera 
this  is  much  more  elongated. 

Nothing  definite  is  known  of  the  life  history  of 
Epiptera  but  Dr.  C.  J.  Drake  informs  me  that  he  has  taken 
slossoni  at  Cranberry  Lake,  N.  Y.,  in  the  heart  of  an  old 
decayed  pine  stump  on  several  occasions  and  that  there 
could  be  no  doubt  that  they  were  breeding  there.  Prof.  H. 
Osborn  also  took  this  species  under  the  bark  of  hemlock  at 
the  same  locality.  What  they  feed  on  is  at  present  unknown. 

Members  of  the  genus  Catonia  feed  on  shrubs  and  trees 
but  nothing  is  known  of  their  life  history. 

THE  GENUS  EPIPTERA  METCALF 
(Elidiptera  of  authors,  not  Spinola). 

The  genus  was  first  described  as  Elidiptera  by  Spinola 
but  the  name  Helicoptera  has  long  been  extensively  used. 
Metcalf  has  recently  proposed  the  generic  name  Epiptera 
to  include  the  North  American  forms.  It  is  a  cosmopoli- 
tan genus,  at  present  represented  in  the  United  States  by 
ten  described  species,  four  of  which  are  found  in  the 
Southern  States.  In  the  case  of  opaca  the  food  plant  is 

42 


known  to  be  pine  and  it  is  strongly  suspected  that  this  is 
the  host  of  the  other  species.  The  species  have  been  found 
only  in  regions  where  the  pine  occurs  and  usually  from 
August  to  October. 

Pallida  and  floridae  are  very  close,  and  without  the  two 
for  direct  comparison  it  is  difficult  to  distinguish  satisfac- 
torily between  them.  The  species,  septentrionalis  Prov.,  is 
proportionately  broader  than  our  other  species  and  has  a 
shorter  vertex  than  pallida  and  floridae. 
Our  species  may  be  distinguished  by  the  following  key : 

Color  black,  front  white  or  banded  with  white 1 

Color  brown  or  grayish 2 

1.  Vertex  about  as  long  as  broad,  front  white  with  a  black  basal 
band, : opaca  Say 

2.  Vertex  very  short,  distinctly  broader  than  long,  about  the  length 
of  the  eye  in  its  superior  diameter;   elytra  brown  varied  with 
gray  patches .variegata  Van  D. 

...     Vertex   considerably   longer   than   broad,    much    longer   than   in 
opaca  and  variegata, 3 

3.  Pale  brownish-yellow;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  10  mm pallida  Say 

...     Uniform  fuscous-brown,  elytra  proportionately  narrower;  length 

to  tip  of  elytra  8  mm floridae  Walk. 

Dark  brown;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  6.50 — 7  mm brittoni  Metcalf 

Epiptera  opaca  SAY 

(1830  Jr.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila:,  vi,  p.  239;  comp.  Writ, 
ii,  p.  374,  Plata). 

Recorded  from  Ont.,  N.  H.,  N.  Y.,  Pa.,  Md.,  N.  C.,  Ga., 
Ind.,  and  Ohio.  It  probably  occurs  in  Florida,  but  it  is 
scarce  everywhere. 


Fig.  14 — Epiptera  opaca  Say,  showing  characteristic  white  banding 
of  the  frons.  (Original) 

Blackish,   beneath   with   a   white   band,   head    a    little    produced. 

Body  brown  black  above,  closely  dotted  with  pale,  a  pale  yellow 

spot  on  the  costal  border  near  the  tip  of  the  elytra,  a  small  yellow 

43 


spot  on  tip  of  scutellum,  a  yellowish-white  broad  band  crosses  the 
front  and  extends  upon  the  sides  of  the  chest.  Viewed  from  above, 
the  head  forms  a  blunt  triangle,  has  the  side  edges  turned  up,  and  a 
grooved  median  line  bounded  each  side  by  keeled  edges;  antennae  pale 
fulvous;  pronotum  with  a  median  carina;  scutellum  with  three  cari- 
nae,  the  lateral  ones  short  and  a  little  arcuated;  venter  blackish. 
Elytra  opaque,  irrorate  with  minute  pale  points;  dilated  towards  the 
tip  so  as  to  lap  over  the  opposite;  a  pale  yellow  spot  beyond  the 
middle  of  costa  and  one  or  two  smaller  ones  nearer  the  tip.  Wings 
smoke-brown.  Legs  black. 

Length  of  body  7  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  9 — 10.75  mm.;  width 
across  the  elytra  4.25 — 4.75  mm. 

Redescribed  from  three  specimens,  taken  at  Columbus, 
Ohio,  Sept.  1919,  by  Ruth  Veth;  Jefferson,  Ohio,  Sept.  1908; 
Cleveland,  Miss.,  June  12,  1916,  by  G.  W.  Howard;  and 
a  female  collected  by  Geo.  G.  Ainslie  at  Knoxville,  Tenn., 
Sept.  24,  1919. 

Epiptera  variegata  VAN  DUZEE 
(1908  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  lix,  p.  479,  Helicoptera) . 

Recorded  from  Ont,  N.  H.,  N.  J.,  N.  C. 

This  has  the  shortest  vertex  of  any  of  the  species.  Body  grayish 
varied  with  pale  fuscous  brown,  beneath  testaceous  varied  with  pale 
brown;  disc  of  the  ventral  segments  sometimes  fuscous.  Ver- 
tex very  short,  about  the  length  of  the  eye  in  its  greatest  superior 
diameter,  regularly  rounded  before,  disc  pale  with  a  longitudinal  fur- 
row, edge  reflexed,  darker.  Front  narrow,  contracted  basally,  the 
sides  almost  sinuated,  distinctly  tricarinate  and  with  the  clypeus  pale 
brownish  shading  to  darker  basally  and  along  the  carinae,  more  or 
less  distinctly  irrorated  with  pale;  clypeal  suture  strongly  angulated. 
Pronotum  short  and  deeply  emarginate,  the  produced  anterior  margin 
rounded  between  the  eyes,  lateral  carinae  broadly  rounded  outwardly, 
median  carina  feeble,  upper  surface  of  the  pronotum  brown  or  fer- 
ruginous brown,  closely  irrorated  with  pale,  below  the  carinate  edge 
deep  black,  bordered  with  white.  Scutellum  brown  or  ferruginous, 
irrorated  with  pale,  becoming  darker  before 'the  pale  apex  and  marked 
with  a  darker  line  without  the  base  of  the  lateral;  carinae  close  to 
the  basal  angles.  These  carinae  feeble,  especially  the  median  which 
is  almost  obsolete.  Elytra  brown,  varied  with  gray  patches,  most 
conspicuous  is  one  along  the  base  of  the  inner  claval  area,  about  four 
very  irregular  and  indefinite  ones  along  the  median  line  of  the  corium 
and  another  adjoining  the  blackish  apex  of  the  clavus;  the  dark 
areas  irrorate  with  pale  in  places  and  the  nervures  more  or  less 
irrorated,  those  at  the  apex  pale;  about  three  fuscous  points  in  the 
costal  area,  and  three  others  approximate  in  the  apical  field.  Wings 

44 


smoky,  darker  toward  their  apex,  the  nervures  fuscous.     Legs  pale 
brown. 

Length  6  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  8 — 10  mm.;  width  across 
the  elytra  about  4  mm. 

There  is  no  record  of  this  insect  in  Mississippi. 

Epiptera  pallida  SAY  =  (VAN  DUZEE'S  septentrionalis) 

(1830  Jr.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  vi,  p.  240;  Compl.  Writ., 
ii,  p.  374,  Plata). 

Recorded  from  N.  H.,  N.  Y.,  N.  J.,  Pa.,  D.  C.,  Fla.  It 
is  very  close  to  septentrionalis  but  has  the  vertex  longer. 

Body  pale  brownish-yellow  above.  Head,  before  the  eyes,  longer 
than  the  longitudinal  diameter  of  the  eye;  eyes  oval;  elevated  line 
of  lower  frons  obsolete,  excepting  near  the  superior  tip;  superior 
half  of  frons  yellowish,  inferior  half  dusky;  each  side  before  the  eye 
dusky,  a  yellowish  band  as  a  bounding  line  along  the  sides  of  the 
pleurae,  passing  under  the  eye;  antennae  pale  fulvous.  Vertex  con- 
siderably longer  than  broad  and  is  much  longer  than  in  opaca  and 
variegata,  elliptically  narrowed  to  the  rounded  apex,  median  line 
grooved,  scutellum  with  three  carinae,  the  lateral  ones  short  and  a 
little  arcuated.  Elytra  very  pale  brown,  nearly  uniform  or  very 
obsoletely  variegated,  dilated  towards  the  tip  so  as  to  overlap  the 
opposite;  a  few  remote,  small,  brown  spots,  about  two  on  the  disk 
of  the  corium,  three  toward  the  apex,  and  three  along  the  costal 
region.  Abdomen  mostly  fuscous.  Legs  fuscous. 

Length  of  body  7  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  10  mm.;  width 
across  the  elytra  about  4  mm. 

A  single  adult  was  taken  by  Dr.  C.  J.  Drake  at  Agricul- 
tural College,  Miss.,  June,  1921,  under  pine  bark. 

Epiptera  floridae  (WALKER) 
(1851  List  Homopt.  in  Br.  Museum,  ii,  p.  326,  Monopjsis). 

Recorded  from  R.  L,  N.  J.,  Fla.,  Colo.,   (?)  and  Texas. 

One  of  the  smallest  species,  uniform  fuscous-brown,  scarcely 
variegate'd,  head  rather  long  with  vertex  almost  acute,  in  these 
respects  closely  allied  to  pallida. 

Head,  before  the  eye,  longer  than  the  longitudinal  diameter  of 
the  eye;  vertex  strongly  produced,  considerably  longer  than  its 
basal  width,  in  relative  proportion  about  the  same  as  in  pallida, 
elliptically  narrowed  to  the  rounded  apex,  median  line  grooved;  frons 
with  sides  strongly  sinuated  and  the  median  line  carinate,  of  a 
uniform  dark  brown,  vertex  and  carinate  edges  darker;  clypeus 
almost  black;  sides  beneath  with  a  broad  percurrent  whitish  vitta 
beginning  on  the  cheeks  before  the  antennae,  bordered  above  with 
blackish.  Pronotum  produced  almost  to  the  anterior  line  of  the  eyes, 

45 


truncate  before;  hind  margin  angularly  emarginate;  median  carina  dis- 
tinctly less  prominent  than  the  lateral  ones.  Scutellum  but  feebly  con- 
vex, carinae  somewhat  obsolete,  except  the  median  for  a  short  space 
anteriorly.  Elytra  narrow,  the  costa  but  feebly  expanded,  fuscous- 
brown,  very  obscurely  irrorated  with  pale  posteriorly  and  with  costa 
somewhat  paler;  three  black  points  near  the  apex  as  in  most  of 
the  allied  species  but  none  in  the  costal  areole.  Hind  wings  smoky 
with  fuscous  nervures.  Legs  concolorous,  brown. 

Length  of  body  6.5  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  8  mm.;  width 
across  the  elytra  3  mm. 

Food  plant  unknown. 
.   •  The  writer  has  not  taken  this  species  in  Mississippi. 

Epiptera  brittoni  METCALF 
(1923  Jr.  Elisha  Mitchell  Soc.,  38,  p.  175). 

"This  species  may  be  recognized  by  its  dark  brown  color,  narrow 
produced  vertex  which  is  transversely  rounded  before. 

Vertex  elongate,  narrow,  the  lateral  margins  a  little  arched  and 
the  anterior  margin  broadly  transversely  rounded ;  f rons  narrow,  the 
lateral  margins  strongly  elevated;  clypeus  strongly  carinate;  pronotum 
obtusely  produced  between  the  eyes;  mesonotal  carinae  nearly  obsolete. 

Color:  General  color  dark  brown  somewhat  intermediate  between 
the  black  species  like  opaca  and  the  brown  species  like  variegata; 
vertex,  pro-  and  mesonotum  irregularly  marked  with  ochraceous 
tawny;  base  of  frons  black;  apex  pale  ochraceous  buff;  clypeus  black, 
the  lighter  band  continued  indefinitely  across  the  genae,  the  narrow 
ventral  margin  of  the  breast  plates,  pro-  and  mesopleura;  the  breast 
plates  deep  dorsally;  legs  and  abdomen  dark  brown,  the  segments 
of  the  latter  narrowly  bordered  with  paler. 

Length,  apex  of  head  to  apex  of  abdomen  6.50 — 7.00  mm.;  tips  of 
wings  8.00—9.00  mm." 

Described  by  Metcalf  from  a  male  collected  at  Black 
Mountain,  N.  C.,  Sept.  12,  1912,  a  female  from  West  Point, 
N.  Y.,  Sept.  15,  1912  (W.  T.  Davis),  and  one  male  from 
Portland,  Conn.,  Aug.  15,  1913,  collected  by  B.  H.  Walden. 

THE  GENUS  CATONIA  UHLER 

This  genus  was  founded  by  Dr.  Uhler  in  1895  (Proc. 
Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  p.  c.).  Nineteen  species  are  known  from 
the  United  States,  eleven  of  which  are  recorded  only  from 
California  and  Arizona.  Eight  species  occur  in  the  eastern 
half  of  the  United  States,  only  five  of  which  are  known 
from  the  Southern  States. 

A  single  specimen  of  C.  grisea  Van  D.  is  recorded  as 

46 


being  taken  on  basswood  at  Ottawa,  Ont.  Although  de- 
scribed from  the  North,  it  has  been  collected  in  Maryland 
as  I  have  been  informed  by  W.  L.  McAtee,  and  a  specimen 
was  taken  at  a  light  in  Mississippi.  The  rather  large 
C.  nava  may  possibly  occur,  however,  and  is  included  in  the 
following  key. 

Key  to  the  species  of  Catonia* 

Front  conspicuously  transversely  banded 1 

1.  Elytra  unicolorous  testaceous  brown,  nervures  impunctate,  frons 

banded  impunctata  Fitch 

Elytra  unicolorous  testaceous  brown,  nervures  impunctate,  frons 

entirely  black dimidiata  Van  D. 

Elytra  brownish  and  banded,  nervures  dotted  with  black.     All 
small  species  2 

2.  Frons   black   with   broad   transverse   median   ivory   white   band, 
clypeus   only   slightly  narrowed   towards   base   and  with   an  in- 
definite whitish  band  crossing  the  base picta  Van  D. 

Frons  black  with  a  similar  broad  band,  clypeus  immaculate,  more 

decidedly  narrowed  towards  base cinctifrons  Fitch 

Frons  fulvous  with  this  band  only  half  as  wide..bicinctura  Van  D. 

3.  Larger,  elytral  areoles  with  numerous  incomplete  transverse  vein- 
lets,  apex  of  mesonotum  with  a  pair  of  ocellated  black  points, 
grisea  Van  D. 

4.  A  larger  species  with  the  frons  less  definitely  banded  and  the 
clypeus  white  marked  with  fuscous nava  Say 

Catonia  picta  VAN  DUZEE 
(1908  Pro.  Acad.  Sci.  Phila.,  lix,  p.  481). 

Recorded  from  N.  J.,  N.  C.,  Ga.,  and  Fla. 

Its  small  size,  strongly  marked  front,  and  slightly  macu- 
lated elytra,  showing  obscure  transverse  banding,  distin- 
guish this  species. 

Testaceous-grey,  frons  black  with  a  broad  median  white  band, 
mesonotum  a  dirty  rufous,  elytra  obscurely  banded. 

General  color  above  testaceous-grey,  beneath  pale  fulvous.  Vertex 
short,  broader  than  long,  but  feebly  advanced  before  the  eyes,  obtusely 
angled  before ;  margins  and  middle  carinate.  Front  broad,  but  slightly 
narrowed  at  base,  deep  black  with  a  broad  median  transverse  band  of 


*Metcalf  has  since  published  descriptions  of  four  new  species  and  as  the  writer  has 
not  seen  these  species  no  attempt  has  been  made  to  fit  them  into  the  above  key.  The 
original  descriptions  are  quoted  to  make  this  publication  as  complete  as  possible. 

47 


ivory  white;  tricarinate,  the  lateral  carinae  marginal,  strongly  ele- 
vated; the  marginal  carinae  dotted  with  white;  clypeus  short,  conical, 
yellowish-brown,  an  indefinite  whitish  band  crossing  the  base;  tip  of 
the  rostrum  black.  Pronotum  very  short,  almost  linear,  tricarinate. 
Scutellum  much  longer  than  the  pronotum  and  vertex  together,  tri- 
carinate, the  lateral  carinae  rectilinear,  very  slightly  diverging  pos- 
teriorly; obscure  dirty  rufous;  tip  of  the  scutellum,  a  chain  of 
points  on  the  pronotum  and  a  few  on  the  vertex  whitish.  Elytra 
with  a  large  costal  spot  or  indistinct  transverse  band  on  the  basal 
third  obscure  rufopiceous,  behind  this  dark  band  is  a  broad  indefinite 
whitish  band;  nervures  mostly  dotted,  the  dots  on  the  costa  and 
commissure  larger;  commissure  with  four  more  or  less  distinct 
black  points,  two  on  either  margin  of  the  whitish  band;  elytra  at 
margin  of  suture  adjoining  the  scutellum  whitish.  Wings  smoky- 
hyaline.  Legs  testaceous,  with  dorsal  spines  black. 

Length  of  body  2.5  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  4.i> — 5  mm.;  width 
across  the  elytra  1.5 — 2  mm. 

Redescribed  from  two  specimens  taken  by  C.  J.  Drake 
at  Gainesville,  Fla.,  June  30  and  July  4,  1918,  and  several 
taken  by  the  writer  by  beating  shrubbery  in  mixed  pine 
and  deciduous  woods  at  Port  Gibson,  Miss.,  July  23,  1921, 
and  a  single  specimen  from  Biloxi,  Miss.,  Aug.  1,  1921.  A 
specimen  was  collected  by  C.  J.  Drake  while  sweeping  at 
Aberdeen,  Miss.,  June  25,  1921. 

Catonia  bicinctura  VAN  DUZEE 
(1915  Pomona  Jr.  Ent.  Zool.,  vii,  p.  119). 

Known  heretofore  only  from  Florida.  A  specimen  of 
what  appears  to  be  this  species  in  Prof.  Osborn's  collection 
was  collected  by  C.  P.  Alexander  at  Freyberg,  Maine,  Sept. 
5,  1913.  Most  closely  related  to  picta  but  is  darker  in  color 
and  has  the  facial  bands  narrower. 

General  color  fuscous  brown  with  the  vertex,  pronotum,  middle 
of  the  anterior  margin  and  apex  of  the  scutellum  paler.  Head  slightly 
longer  than  in  our  other  species.  Vertex  distinctly  longer  than  in 
picta  and  narrowed  anteriorly,  apical  margin  subapgularly  rounded; 
front  a  little  narrower,  more  contracted  at  base  with  the  sides  a 
little  more  arcuated;  the  middle  of  the  front  fulvous,  a  shade  darker 
than  the  base  and  clypeus,  this  darker  band  bounded  by  a  straight 
clean-cut  whitish  band  between  the  antennae,  and  a  feebly  curved 
one  on  the  base  of  the  clypeus;  these  bands  about  one-half  the 
width  of  those  seen  in  picta,  the  lower  band  is  carried  across  the 
propleurae  as  a  slender  oblique  white  line;  marginal  carinae  ob- 
scurely dotted.  Pronotum  with  about  four  short  longitudinal  pale 
carinae  behind  the  eyes.  Scutellum  immaculate  except  for  the  paler 
apex  and  anterior  margin.  Elytra  slightly  paler  toward  the  costa,  ner- 

48 


vures  obscurely  pale,  dotted  with  black,  the  costal  stout,  white  macu- 
lated with  fuscous,  apical  margin  with  a  series  of  oblong  fuscous 
spots  that  are  larger  on  the  stigma.  Abdomen  sanguineous  or  nearly  so, 
becoming  paler  at  apex.  Legs  testaceous,  lined  with  fuscous,  the 
knees  with  a  whitish  point. 

The  male  slightly  smaller,  darker  in  color  and  with  the  elytral 
points  less  conspicuous. 

Length  of  body  3  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  4.5 — 5mm.;  width 
across  elytra  about  1.5  mm. 

Redescribed  from  two  specimens  taken  at  Gainesville, 
Fla.,  May  5  and  July  11,  1918,  by  C.  J.  Drake,  and  a  single 
specimen  swept  by  the  writer  from  the  shrub  known  as 
French  Mulberry,  Callicarpa  americana,  at  Vicksburg, 
Miss.,  July  18,  1921.  Mr.  Geo.  G.  Ainslie  has  sent  the 
writer  three  females  collected  by  sweeping  weeds  at  Knox- 
ville,  Tenn.,  Sept.  1916. 

Catonia  impunctata  FITCH 
(1851  Homopt.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  46,  Cixius). 
Recorded  from  R.  I.,  N.  Y.,  N.  J.,  Pa.,  N.  C.,  la. 
There  are  single  examples  of  this  species  in  the  Osborn 
collection  from  West  Virginia  and  Morgan  County,  111. 

Easily  distinguished  by  banded  frons  and  by  the  brown- 
ish-pellucid elytra  with  nervation  impunctate  and  the  frons 
banded. 

Body  pale  with  dorsum  dull  yellow.  Vertex  very  short,  much 
broader  than  long,  barely  advanced  before  the  eyes,  rounded  before, 
pale  with  two  black  dots;  front  strongly  tricarinate,  white  with  two 
black  bands,  the  upper  one  being  slightly  broader;  these  bands  are 
broken  by  the  median  longitudinal  carina  and  this  together  with  the 
white  color  of  the  lateral  carinae  make  it  appear  as  if  there  were 
four  large  spots  on  the  front;  clypeus  white,  slightly  creamy  towards 
the  tip.  Pronotum  very  short,  pale  yellowish  marked  with  fuscous 
just  beneath  the  eyes,  with  two  discal  black  dots.  Scutellum  tawny  yel- 
low, feebly  tricarinate,  the  carinae  of  a  pale  color.  Elytra  brownish- 
pellucid,  almost  immaculate,  subhyaline,  nervures  sometimes  touched 
with  white  in  places.  Wings  smoky  hyaline,  with  venation  slightly 
darker.  Legs  pale,  without  markings. 

Length  of  body  3.5  mm. ;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  5.5 — 6  mm. ;  width 
across  the  elytra  about  2  mm. 

Fitch  states  that  it  is  found  on  oaks. 

Catonia  dimidiata  VAN  DUZEE 
(1910  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxxvi,  p.  85). 
Recorded  from  R.  I.  and  N.  Y. 

49 


A  single  specimen  in  the  Osborn  collection  is  from  Bed- 
ford County,  Pa.,  Aug.  12. 

Very  closely  allied  to  impunctata,  and  is  Fitch's  variety 
a  of  this  species  and  Van  Duzee's  female  impunctata  of  his 
1907  paper.  In  1910,  Van  Duzee  recognized  this  as  being 
a  distinct  species,  having  both  sexes  with  the  frons  entirely 
black.  In  the  writer's  opinion,  this  is  probably  a  color 
variety  of  impunctata. 

Structurally  identical  with  impunctata  to  which  it  is  most  closely 
allied,  with  the  exception  of  the  male  genitalia  which  are  slightly  dif- 
ferent. Easily  distinguished  by  having  the  front  entirely  black,  cly- 
peus  white,  and  the  vertex  and  pronotum  without  the  black  discal 
spots.  The  legs  are  whitish  with  a  dusky  spot  on  the  base  of  the 
hind  tibiae  exteriorly;  in  impunctata  the  legs  are  immaculate  whitish. 

Female  genitalia  substantially  as  in  impunctata.  In  the  male  the 
median  tooth  of  the  basal  valve  is  short  triangular,  its  blunt  apex 
attaining  the  middle  of  the  plates,  the  margins  either  side  of  the  tooth 
forming  a  moderate  sinus  and  then  retreating  to  the  basal  angles.  In 
impunctata  this  median  tooth  is  long  and  acute,  attaining  the  apex 
of  the  plates,  and  the  margins  either  side  are  deflected  at  right  angles, 
making  the  basal  portion  of  this  valve  of  nearly  equal  length  across 
its  whole  width. 

Length  same  as  in  impunctata  6  mm. 

Catonia  grisea  VAN  DUZEE 
(1908  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  lix,  p.  482). 

Known  from  Ontario  and  New  York. 

Larger  than  most  of  the  eastern  species.  The  elytra 
are  gray  varied  with  white,  and  the  scutellum  brown  with 
two  black  ocellated  points  posteriorly,  which  differentiate 
it  from  the  other  species. 

Vertex  pale,  almost  square,  feebly  angled  anteriorly,  produced 
about  half  its  length  before  the  eyes,  the  lateral  foveae  marked  with 
a  dark  point.  Frons  elongate,  quite  strongly  narrowed  basally  with 
the  sides  almost  straight  and  the  carinae  strong;  pale  yellowish,  ob- 
scurely irrorated  on  the  base  of  the  frons  and  clypeus,  leaving  a 
paler  intermediate  band,  indicated  on  the  marginal  carinae  by  two 
brownish  spots.  Pronotum  shorter  than  the  vertex,  rather  sharply 
angled  and  marked  with  a  blackish  line  beneath  the  eye,  tricarinate. 
Scutellum  very  long,  tricarinate,  pale  quite  strongly  maculated  with 
brown  in  the  female,  carinae  pale,  and  a  black  spot  placed  in  a  pale 
round  area  within  the  lateral  carinae  near  the  apex.  Elytra  whitish 
tinged  with  smoky  especially  toward  their  tips;  nervures  white,  the 
areoles  with  numerous  imperfect,  transverse,  white  veinlets;  on  the 
costa  are  a  few  larger  brown  spots.  Beneath  pale,  the  abdomen 

50 


fuscous  with  the  segments  edged  with  pale.     The  extent  of  the  brown 
maculation  on  the  vertex,  pro-  and  scutellum  varied. 

Length  of  body  3.5 — 4  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  6 — 7mm.; 
width  across  the  elytra  2 — 2.25  mm. 

The  writer  took  a  single  specimen  that  agrees  essentially 
with  the  description  of  this  species  at  an  electric  porch  light 
at  Agricultural  College,  Miss.,  in  1920.  There  is  one  exam- 
ple in  the  Osborn  Collection  from  Medina,  Ohio. 

Catonia  cinctifrons  FITCH 
(1856  Trans.  N.  Y.  St.  Agr.  Soc.,  xvi,  p.  451,  Cixius). 

Recorded  from  N.  Y.,  N.  J.,  Pa.,  Md.,  N.  C. 

A  somewhat  similar  appearance  to  nava  but  decidedly 
smaller.  Front  with  a  median  transverse  band  of  ivory 
white  as  in  picta  but  more  narrowed  at  the  base  and  the 
clypeus  immaculate  ivory  white.  A  specimen  in  the  Osborn 
Collection  is  labeled  Cold  Spring  Harbor,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  18, 
1904. 

Pale,  abdomen  dark,  front  deep  black  with  a  band  of  ivory  white, 
elytra  smoky-brown,  banded  with  white. 

Body  pale  with  abdomen  dark.  Vertex  short,  broader  than  long, 
slightly  advanced  before  the  eyes,  rounded  before,  pale  with  fuscous 
markings;  margins  and  middle  carinate;  front  broad,  decidedly 
narrowed  to  base,  deep  black  with  a  broad  median  transverse  band 
of  ivory  white;  strongly  carinate,  the  marginal  carinae  dotted  with 
white;  clypeus  conical  and  of  the  same  color  as  the  frontal  band 
though  slightly  creamy  towards  tip,  immaculate.  Pronotum  very  short, 
whitish  with  obscure  fuscous  dots,  tricarinate.  Scutellum  much  longer 
than  the  pronotum  and  vertex  together,  rectilinearly  tricarinate,  the 
lateral  carinae  slightly  divergent  posteriorly;  black,  tawny  yellow  on 
each  side  beyond  the  lateral  carinae;  carinae  and  basal  margins  be- 
tween the  lateral  carinae  pale.  Elytra  smoky-brown,  their  basal 
edge,  a  partial  oblique  band  crossing  apical  part  of  clavus,  an  area 
near  the  base  of  the  costa,  and  another  about  the  middle  whitish; 
tips  membranous,  white,  somewhat  hyaline,  with  a  brown  band  across 
the  transverse  veinlets  and  the  hind  margins  fuscous  interrupted  by 
the  white  tips  of  the  veins;  preceding  this  brown  band  is  another 
of  white;  nervures  dotted  with  black  in  places.  Wings  black,  trans- 
parent, subhyaline.  Legs  yellowish-white,  two  blackish  bands  on  the 
tibiae. 

Length  of  body  3  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  4.25  mm.;  width 
across  the  elytra  1.5  mm. 

Oak  and  hickory  have  been  recorded  as  food-plants. 

51 


The  writer  has  a  single  female  specimen  collected  by 
W.  B.  Cartwright  at  Elkmont,  Tenn.,  Sept.  27,  1919,  that 
seems  to  be  this  species. 

Catonia  nava  SAY 

(1830  Jr.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  vi,  p.  238;  Compl.  Writ, 
ii,  p.  373,  Plata) . 

Recorded  from  Ont.,  N.  Y.,  Md.,  Ohio,  Ind.,  la. 

A  somewhat  larger  species  than  grisea.  Its  large  size 
will  distinguish  it  from  the  others.  Cinereous  varied  with 
fuscous,  elytra  grayish,  strongly  variegated  and  nervures 
dotted. 

Body  cinereous,  varied  with  fuscous,  dorsum  darker.  Vertex 
slightly  broader  than  long,  a  little  advanced  before  the  eyes,  obtusely 
rounded  before,  pale  with  fuscous  markings;  margins  and  middle 
carinate;  front  broad,  strongly  narrowed  to  base,  lateral  and  median 
carinae  strongly  elevated;  base  brown  minutely  irrorated  with  paler, 
followed  by  a  white  transverse  median  band  and  then  a  broad  blackish 
band  next  the  base '  of  the  clypeus ;  marginal  carinae  dotted  with 
pale;  clypeus  pale  with  the  median  elevation  prominent  and  testa- 
ceous-brown in  color.  Pronotum  very  short,  whitish  with  discal 
foveae  fulv&us  and  on  each  side  four  black  dots;  tricarinate.  Scutel- 
lum  much  longer  than  the  vertex  and  pronotum  together,  feebly 
tricarinate;  fulvous,  with  a  large  central  irregular,  blackish  area 
occupying  the  greater  portion.  Elytra  grayish,  quite  strongly  varie- 
gated with  fuscous  and  white;  base  of  clavus  and  costa  whitish; 
nervures  dotted  with  black,  particularly  the  costal,  on  which  is  a 
larger  one  near  the  tip.  Wings  smoky-hyaline.  Legs  cinereous, 
tibiae  twice-banded  with  black. 

Length  of  body  4 — 4.5  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  5.75 — 7  mm.; 
width  across  the  elytra  2 — 2.75  mm. 

Redescribed  from  a  specimen  from  Plummers  Island, 
Md.,  Aug.  27,  1905,  by  H.  S.  Barber,  and  one  collected  at 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  July  7,  1905,  by  Charles  Dury. 

Catonia  Carolina  METCALF 
(1923  Jr.  Elisha  Mitchell  Soc.,  38,  p.  176). 

Described  from  material  collected  in  North  Carolina, 
Virginia  and  Maryland.  "This  species  may  be  recognized 
by  its  rather  large  size,  dark  color  with  the  f rons  unbanded 
but  marked  with  two  short  ivory  white  transverse  bars." 

Vertex  produced,  obtusely  angulate  anteriorly;  the  median  carina 
faint,  the  lateral  margins  strongly  elevated;  the  frons  narrow  between 

52 


the  eyes;  lateral  margins  nearly  straight  to  near  the  apex  where 
they  are  slightly  narrowed  to  the  broad  clypeus;  pronotum  short, 
carinae  well  elevated;  mesonotal  carinae  distinct;  veins  of  the  fore 
wings  strongly  punctate. 

Color:  General  color  blackish  fuscous;  the  carinae  of  the  vertex, 
pro-  and  mesonotum  paler;  frons  brownish  fuscous,  laterally  alternate 
with  black  and  white  spots;  a  short  transverse  bar  at  the  middle  and 
another  at  the  apex  ivory  white;  ocellated  spots  on  the  mesonotum 
reduced  to  small  pale  spots;  wings  blackish  fuscous,  more  or  less 
variegated  with  whitish;  veins  in  the  wings  irregular;  longitudinal 
and  cross  veins  at  the  apex  narrowly  white;  venter  and  legs  brownish 
fuscous;  abdomen  mostly  blackish  fuscous. 

Length,  apex  of  head  to  apex  of  abdomen  4.60  mm.;  to  the  apex 
of  the  wings  5.90  mm." 

Catonia  luella  METCALF 
(1923  Jr.  Elisha  Mitchell  Soc.,  38,  p.  177). 

Known  only  from  Florida.  "This  species  may  be  recog- 
nized by  its  small  size,  blackish  color,  veins  of  the  wings 
impunctate,  the  cells  with  numerous  small  round  pale  spots. 

Vertex  narrow,  rounded  before,  the  carinae  strongly  elevated; 
frons  broad,  not  distinctly  narrowed  between  the  eyes;  clypeus  broad, 
shallowly  inserted  in  the  frons;  pronotum  rather  elongate,  the  carinae 
strongly  elevated,  the  links  of  the  lateral  chain  distinct;  mesonotum 
tricarinate;  the  lateral  carinae  but  slightly  divergent;  fore  wings 
with  the  veins  impunctate. 

Color:  General  color  blackish  fuscous;  frons  nearly  unicolorous; 
the  lateral  carinae  a  little  paler;  eyes  black;  mesonotum  blackish 
fuscous,  with  two  indistinct  ocellated  spots  on  the  anterior  margin, 
two  on  the  posterior  margin;  fore  wings  blackish  fuscous,  the  veins 
blackish,  some  of  the  cross  veins  at  the  apex  narrowly  pale;  all  of 
the  cells  with  numerous  pale  round  spots;  venter  and  legs  blackish, 
the  latter  more  or  less  marked  with  pale. 

Length,  apex  of  head  to  apex  of  abdomen,  3.00  mm.;  to  the  apex 
of  wings  3.70  mm." 

Catonia  pini  METCALF 
(1923  Jr.  Elisha  Mitchell  Soc.,  38,  p.  177). 

Known  only  from  North  Carolina.  "This  species  may 
be  recognized  by  its  large  size,  uniform  mesonotum,  strongly 
variegated  wings,  the  frons  brownish  with  a  narrow  pale 
transverse  band. 

Vertex  produced,  obtusely  rounded  anteriorly;  frons  narrow  at 
the  base,  widened  apically,  the  lateral  margins  a  little  arcuate; 
median  carina  faint,  lateral  margins  strongly  elevated ;  wings  strongly 
punctate. 

53 


Color:  General  color  pale,  more  or  less  variegated  with  brownish 
and  blackish  fuscous;  vertex,  pro-  and  mesonotum  uniformly  ochra- 
ceous  brown;  frons  ochraceous  brown,  the  lateral  margins  alternate 
with  black  and  ivory  white,  the  narrow  transverse  band  ivory  white, 
basal  third  of '  the  clypeus  ivory  white,  the  apex  brownish ;  wings 
largely  pale  ochraceous  yellow,  irregularly  variegated  with  brownish 
and  blackish  fuscous;  venter  and  legs  mostly  ochraceous  brown. 

Length,  apex  of  head  to  apex  of  abdomen,  4.70  mm.;  to  the  tips  of 
wings  6.20  mm." 

Catonia  lunata  METCALF 
(1923  Jr.  Elisha  Mitchell  Soc.,  38,  p.  178). 

Described  from  material  from  Florida,  North  Carolina, 
Massachusetts,  and  Long  Island,  N.  Y. 

"This  species  may  be  recognized  by  its  small  size,  black- 
ish color  and  broad  strongly  produced  vertex  with  the  frons 
brown  with  a  broad  transverse  pale  band  in  the  middle  and 
a  shorter  pale  bar  at  the  apex. 

Vertex  strongly  produced  but  little  narrowed  anteriorly;  frons 
broad,  not  much  narrowed  at  the  base  or  at  the  apex;  wings  strongly 
punctate. 

Color:  General  color  blackish;  vertex  pale  yellow,  with  two 
elongate  dashes  next  the  inner  margins  of  the  eyes  and  two  near 
the  median  carina  anteriorly;  frons  brown,  the  lateral  margins  alter- 
nate with  black  and  ivory  white,  the  transverse  band  broad  ivory  white, 
a  small  ivory  white  bar  along  the  clypeal  margin;  clypeus  mostly 
pale;  pronotum  with  the  carinae  broadly  pale,  leaving  small  blackish 
spots  in  the  compartments;  mesonotum  blackish,  with  the  carinae 
pale  and  a  few  small  tawny  spots;  fore  wings  blackish  fuscous  varie- 
gated with  ivory  white;  venter  largely  tawny  yellow,  legs  brownish 
fuscous;  abdomen  blackish. 

Length,  apex  of  head  to  apex  of  vertex,  4.00  mm.;  to  the  apex 
of  the  wings  4.30  mm." 

THE  SUBFAMILY  CIXIINAE  (SPINOLA) 

Spinola,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  viii,  pp.  202,  311,  1839 
Cixioides. 

This  subfamily  contains  nine  genera  that  are  known 
from  North  America,  three  of  which  are  recorded  only  from 
California. 

In  members  of  this  group  a  third  ocellus  is  present, 
placed  at  the  apex  of  the  frontal  carina  and  the  elytra  are 
not  reticulated  apically.  The  female  of  most  Cixiids  bears 
at  the  apex  of  the  abdomen  a  large  tuft  of  fine  snow-white 

54 


or  yellowish  filamentous  excretions  of  a  waxy  .nature. 
The  function  of  this  is  not  known  but  may  possibly  be 
connected  with  oviposition. 

Very  little  is  known  of  the  habits  and  life  history  other 
than  that  some  are  tree-inhabiting  and  others  grass-feed- 
ing forms. 

Key  to  the  genera 

1.  Sides  of  frons  produced  at  sides  and  auriculate  or  ear-like,  when 
viewed  from  above ;  elytra  not  tectif orm  nor  adpressed  to  the  sides. 
Bothriocera  Burm. 

...     Sides  of  frons  not  produced  or  auriculate,  except  very  rarely,  in 
which  case  the  elytra  are  upright  and  adpressed  to  the  sides 2 

2.  Elytra  brachypterous,  frons  broad  oval Monorachis  Uhl. 

...     Elytra  macropterous,  frons  more  elongate,  elytra  more  or  less 

dilated  behind  the  claval  apex;  mostly  obscure,  more  or  less  opaque 

dark  species,  the  elytra  adpressed Cotyleceps  Uhl. 

Elytra  not  dilated  behind  the  apex  of  clavus,  not  adpressed  to 
the  sides,  almost  always  pellucid  and  transparent 3 

3.  Vertex  extremely  narrow,   reduced   to   a  mere   slit  between  the 

eyes;   scutellum  5-carinate Oecleus   Stal 

Vertex  broader  than  long,  or  at  most  not  much  longer  than  broad..4 
Scutellum  5-carinate Oliarus  Stal 

...     Scutellum  tricarinate;  posterior  tibiae  armed  with  two  or  three 

spines  Cixius  Latr. 

...     Scutellum  tricarinate;  posterior  tibiae  without  spines.. Myndus  Stal 

THE  GENUS  BOTHRIOCERA  BURMEISTER 

The  species  belonging  to  this  genus  are  all  of  small  size 
with  the  larger  and  more  showy  species  in  South  America. 

Briefly  characterized  as  follows:  Upper  portion  of  the  frons 
produced  at  the  sides  into  short  ear-like  processes,  which  when  viewed 
from  above,  look  like  two  small  blunt  horns.  The  frons  and  clypeus 
together  form  an  isosceles  triangle,  with  the  vertex  of  the  head  as 
its  base.  Ocelli,  especially  the  frontal,  very  distinct.  Pronotum 
extremely  short,  the  scutellum  large  with  the  carinae  not  strongly 
marked.  Elytra  much  widened  behind  and  rounded. 

Haplotype  of  the  genus:     Bothriocera  tinealis  Burm. 

Van  Duzee  in  his  "Catalogue  of  Hemiptera"  gives  B. 
tinealis  var.  westwoodi  Stal,  B.  signoreti  Stal  (may  not  be 
distinct  from  preceding),  B.  undata  Fabr.,  and  B.  bicornis 
(?)  Fabr.  (North  American  localities  may  refer  to  undata) 
as  occurring  in  Florida.  I  have  not  been  able  to  definitely 
place  the  B.  undata  which  may  not  be  distinct  as  the  orig- 
inal description  is  very  meagre  and  inadequate. 

55 


Fowler  states  that  B.  signoreti  may  be  known  by  its 
having  the  apex  of  the  elytra  invaded  with  hyaline.  He 
places  westwoodi  as  a  variety  under  tinealis,  in  which  the 
dark  and  light  color  is  more  broken  up  behind. 

In  a  large  series  of  specimens  collected  at  Gainesville, 
Fla.,  in  June  and  July,  1918,  by  C.  J.  Drake,  while  sweeping 
ferns,  there  are  seven  specimens  of  a  pale  color  with  nearly 
all  of  the  markings  lacking.  This  may  be  designated  as  a 
new  color  variety  of  tinealis  and  be  called  var.  floridana. 

Bothriocera  tinealis  BURMEISTER 
(1835  Handb.  Ent.,  ii,  p.  156). 

Recorded  from  North  Carolina  and  Florida. 

Somewhat  transparent,  testaceous  yellow,  with  the  abdomen  fusco- 
testaceous.  Pronotum  very  short,  yellowish.  Scutellum  large,  rufo- 
testaceous  to  fuscous-testaceous.  Elytra  much  widened  behind,  more 
or  less  smoky  or  fuscous  with  five  or  six  irregular,  hyaline,  pellucid 
spots  or  areas,  the  apex  hyaline.  Wings  smoke  colored  with  two 
discolored  spots.  Legs  yellowish. 

Fowler  states  that  "The  last  male  abdominal  segment  appears  to 
be  bisinuate,  more  or  less  produced  in  the  middle,  and  the  styles  are 
rather  large,  but  the  characters  are  more  pronounced  in  some  speci- 
mens than  in  others." 

Length  of  body  3  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  4.5 — 5  mm.;  width 
1  mm. 

No  specimens  of  typical  tinealis  were  taken  by  the  writer 
in  Mississippi  but  the  specimens  collected  belong  to  the 
variety  westwoodi  in  which  the  dark  and  light  color  is 
more  broken  up  behind. 

Bothriocera  bicornis  Fabr. 
(1803  Systema  Rhyngotorum,  p.  101,  Issus) 

Recorded  from  Md.,  N.  J.,  Fla.,  No.  Car.  and  Texas. 

A  distinct  species  with  regular  and  constant  markings. 
Very  much  like  the  preceding  species  but  having  the  hind 
margin  of  the  elytra  always  rather  broadly  black  and 
opaque.  The  outline  of  the  head,  from  a  lateral  view,  is  less 
indented  than  in  tinealis. 

Male  pygofer  small,  long  and  slender,  the  ventral  margin  rather 
deeply  and  broadly  cut  out,  with  a  small,  short  median  tooth;  genital 

56 


styles  long,  slender  at  the  base,  then  enlarging  slightly  and  touching 
each  other  for  most  of  their  length,  the  apices  roundingly  pointed 
and  finely  hirsute. 

Length  of  body  3  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  4.5 — 5:00  mm.;  width 
1  mm. 


Fig.  15 — Bothriocera  bicornis  Fabr.,  enlarged.    (Original) 

Adults  were  very  abundant  on  young  oak  (Quercus 
marylandica)  bushes  at  Longview,  Miss.,  June  27,  1920. 
A  number  were  swept  by  the  writer  in  a  stand  of  Spartina 
patens  and  Juncus  sp.  at  Pascagoula,  Miss.,  Aug.  6,  1921; 
a  female  at  Tupelo,  Miss.,  July  2,  1921,  and  another  at 
Biloxi,  Miss.,  July  29,  1921. 

According  to  Uhler  the  species  lives  on  alder  and  other 
bushes  in  wet  places  or  near  running  water. 

THE  GENUS  OLIARUS  STAL. 

This  cosmopolitan  genus  was  erected  by  Stal  in  1862  and 
contains  a  very  large  number  of  widely  scattered  species. 
Thirteen  of  them  occur  in  the  United  States  and  of  these 
only  seven  are  known  from  the  Southern  States. 

Very  closely  related  to  Cixius  and  Monorachis,  especially 
in  the  head  and  pronotal  characters. 

Briefly  characterized  as  follows :  Vertex  longer  or  shorter  than 
the  width  between  the  eyes,  usually  longer,  the  lateral  keels  diverging 
distinctly  behind,  subquadrate,  and  angularly  notched  behind;  near 
the  anterior  margin  there  is  an  angular  broken  transverse  keel, 
forming  two  irregular,  4-angled  compartments.  Frons  and  clypeus 
together  are  broadest  at  about  the  middle  and  have  a  distinct  median 
carina  which  is  minutely  forked  or  thickened  at  the  vertex,  forming 
a  small  triangle  with  the  margin  of  the  vertex  as  its  base;  a  frontal 

57 


ocellus  at  tip  of  the  median  carina.  Pronotum  short,  tricarinate,  the 
lateral  carinae  curving  out  behind  the  eyes  and  reaching  the  lateral 
margin.  Scutellum  typically  with  five  complete  and  distinct  longi- 
tudinal carinae.  Elytra  longer  than  the  abdomen,  broadly  rounded 
at  apex,  six  discal  and  from  nine  to  ten  apical  cells.  Hind  tibiae 
with  three  spines  on  basal  half. 

Logotype  of  the  genus:    Oliarus  walkeri  (Stal). 

The  shape  of  the  male  genital  styles  is  often  quite  char- 
acteristic in  this  genus  and  an  aid  to  specific  identification. 

Key  to  the  species  of  Oliarus 

Elytra  deep  smoky  brown,  at  least  toward  the  apex, 1. 

Elytra  pellucid  or  nearly  so,  sometimes  banded  or  mottled  with 
brown, 2. 

1.  Elytra  deep   smoky  brown,   the   slender  costa   and   stigma  pale, 
cinnamomeus    Prov. 

...  Elytra  smoky  at  apex  beyond  the  stigma,  base  usually  subhyaline ; 
size  smaller,  humilis  SAY 

2.  Elytral  nervures  distinctly  punctate, 3. 

...     Elytra  hyaline  or  a  little  dusky  at  apex  where  the  nervures  are 

then  heavy  and  brown,  nervures  impunctate  or  nearly  so, 6. 

3.  Frons  broad,  brown  with  an  ivory  white  area  on  either  margin 
next  to  the  base  of  clypeus;  elytra  hyaline  with  the  stigma  and 
nervures  toward  their  apex  brown, 4. 

...     Frons  unicolorous,  the  clypeus  sometimes  a  little  paler, 5. 

4.  Ventral  margin  of  male  pygofer  with  a  long  and  broad  median 
tooth,  roundedly  expanded  and  feebly  bilobate  at  apex;   genital 
styles  narrow  and  curved  at  base,  abruptly  expanded  and  almost 
square  beyond  the  apex  of  the  median  lobe;  a  large  species,  9  1-2 
— 11  mm., :....placitus  VAN  D. 

...  Ventral  margin  of  male  pygofer  with  a  short,  slender  tooth;  geni- 
tal styles  extending  half  their  length  beyond  the  pygofers,  their 
inner  margins  narrow,  nearly  cylindrical  at  base,  the  apical  half 
broad  and  obliquely  truncate,  together  spear-shaped,  pale  yellow, 
6  1-2 — 7  1-4  mm., aridus  BALL 

...     Male  pygofer  not  described,  a  small  species,  6  mm.  difficilis  VAN  D. 

5.  Clypeus  generally  paler  than  the  frons;  elytra  heavily ,  maculated 

or  generally  transversely  banded,  stigma  subquadrate, 

5-lineatus  SAY 

...     Clypeus  scarcely  paler  than  the  frons;  elytra  less  maculated,  the 
stigma  distinctly  longer  than  broad, vicarius  WALK. 

6.  Length   8   mm.,   elytra   entirely  pellucid  with   fuscous   nervures, 
stigma,  and  basal  band, slossoni  VAN  D. 

...     Length  4-5  mm.,  elytra  nearly  hyaline  or  somewhat  infuscated 

at  apex,  without  a  basal  band, franciscanus  STAL. 

58 


Oliarus  slossoni  VAN  DUZEE 

(1912  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  x,  p.  494— n.n.  for  hyalinus 

Van  D.) 

Recorded  only  from  Florida  but  is  probably  the  most 
abundant  species  of  Oliarus  in  Mississippi  and  does  some 
damage  to  alfalfa. 


Fig.  16 — Adult  Oliarus  slossoni  Van  D.,  enlarged.  (Original) 

The  original  description  is  quoted  here. 

"Elytra  hyaline,  with  fuscous  nervures,  stigma,  basal  band  and 
commissural  nervure. 

Vertex  long  and  narrow,  about  as  in  f rands canus ;  blackish  fuscous 
with  fulvous  carinae  and  a  whitish  line  either  side  next  the  inner 
margin  of  the  eye.  Frons  strongly  widened  below;  dark  castaneous 
with  pale  carinae  and  a  pale  area  on  either  side  next  the  clypeal 
margin.  Clypeus  blackish  fuscous  with  pale  carinae.  Pronotum  very 
short,  linear,  acutely  emarginate  behind  almost  to  the  anterior  mar- 
gin; soiled  yellowish  clouded  with  fuscous  at  the  sides  and  under 
the  eyes.  Tegulae  pale  clouded  on  their  discs.  Scutellum  dark 
castaneous;  intermediate  carinae  obsolete  or  very  feebly  indicated 
anteriorly.  Elytra  long  and  narrow,  clear  hyaline  with  the  nervures 
brown,  under  a  lens  very  obscurely  and  minutely  punctate;  marginal 
and  transverse  nervures  heavier;  stigma  long  and  narrow,  fuscous, 
darker  inwardly  and  bounded  by  a  whitish  nervure  anteriorly;  base 
marked  by  a  transverse  fuscous  band  across  the  apex  of  the  scutellum 
which  scarcely  attains  the  costal  margin;  claval  suture  pale;  com- 
missural nervure  fuscous,  heavier  for  a  space  on  the  middle,  then 
whitish  to  the  apex  of  the  clavus.  Beneath  blackish  fuscous,  paler 

59 


on  the  meso-  and  metapleura  and  edges  of  the  abdominal  segments. 
Legs  brownish-testaceous,  darker  on  the  femora. 

Ventral  sinus  of  the  male  genital  segment  deep,  with  a  short 
median  tooth;  its  sides  obliquely  rounded;  plates  long,  but  little 
separated  at  base;  expanded  apical  plate  as  long  as  the  slender  base, 
roundedly  triangular,  inner  edges  approximate,  grooved,  pygofers 
just  as  long  as  the  plates  and  concentric  with  them  at  their  rounded 
apex." 

Length  of  body,  male  5  mm.;  female  6 — 7.50  mm.;  length  to  tip  of 
elytra,  male  7  mm.;  female  8 — 9.50  mm. 

The  writer  found  this  species  very  abundant  at  Muldon, 
Miss.,  June  1,  1921,  on  the  trunks  of  plum  trees  in  an 
orchard  and  also  in  sweepings  made  in  pure  stands  of  alfal- 
fa; also  very  abundant  at  Prairie,  Miss.,  June  11,  1921,  and 
at  Gibson,  Miss.,  June  27,  1921,  on  alfalfa.  Six  specimens 
were  taken  at  Agricultural  College,  Miss.,  Sept  7,  1909,  three 
on  pecan  and  the  others  at  light,  by  an  unknown  collector, 
and  five  more  were  taken  on  pecan  at  same  locality  Aug.  30, 
1915,  by  C.  C.  Greer.  At  the  latter  locality  the  writer  found 
this  species  abundant  at  trap  lights  from  June  to  September. 

Two  females  and  a  male  were  sent  to  the  writer  by  Mr. 
F.  M.  Hull,  collected  at  Harlingen,  Texas,  Aug.  4,  1921. 

The  pecan,  plum  and  alfalfa  must  be  recorded  as  defi- 
nite host  plants  and  there  are  probably  many  others  yet 
to  be  noted. 

Oliarus  humilis  SAY 

(1830  Jr.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  vi,  p.  241;  Compl.  Writ., 
ii,  p.  376,  Plata) . 

Recorded  from  Ont,  N.  Y.,  N.  J.,  Pa.  and  Ohio. 

Varies  considerably  in  size  and  depth  of  coloring  but 
is  easily  distinguished  by  having  the  apical  portion  of  the 
elytra  enfumed. 

Vertex  longer  than  broad,  blackish  with  a  whitish  spot  on  each 
side  next  the  inner  margin  of  the  eye.  Frons  strongly  widened 
below;  dark  castaneous  with  pale  carinae.  Pronotum  very  short, 
acutely  and  deeply  emarginate  behind,  lateral  carinae  curving  out  and 
reaching  the  lateral  margins;  dark  fuscous  with  the  carinae  and  mar- 
gins paler.  Tegulae  pale.  Scutellum  brownish-piceous;  the  intermediate 
carinae  nearly  obsolete.  Elytra  long  and  narrow,  more  or  less  trans- 
parent, with  the  nervures  pale  brown,  obscurely  and  minutely  punc- 
tate, becoming  dark  fuscous  apically;  beginning  with  the  stigma  the 
apical  portion  is  enfumed.  Beneath  dark  fuscous,  paler  on  margins 
of  the  abdominal  segments.  Legs  brownish-testaceous,  darker  on 
the  femora. 

60 


Ventral  margin  of  the  male  pygofer  with  a  short  median  tooth; 
genital  styles  deflexed  downwards  at  apex,  and  curved  backwards 
somewhat  hook-shaped. 

Length  of  body  3.50  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  4.50 — 5.75  mm. 

Redescribed  from  three  females  taken  by  the  writer  at 
Okolona,  Miss.,  June  28,  1921,  and  Tupelo,  Miss.,  July  1, 
1921,  and  several  specimens  in  Prof.  Herbert  Osborn's  col- 
lection from  Iowa  and  New  York. 

Oliarus  franciscanus  STAL 
(1859  Freg.  Eugen.  Resa.,  Ins.,  p.  273,  Cixius). 

Widely  distributed  over  most  of  the  entire  United  States 
and  is  also  known  from  the  West  Indies. 

Form  and  general  appearance  of  aridus,  but  much 
smaller.  Smaller  and  narrower  than  humilis  and  without 
the  infuscated  apical  portion  of  the  elytra.  The  small  size 
and  unmarked  nervures  readily  distinguish  this  species. 

Vertex  very  long  and  narrow  comparatively,  definitely  produced 
in  front  of  the  eyes  and  angulate  with  the  frons,  nearly  a  half  longer 
than  broad;  black  with  the  carinae  pale.  Frons  enlarged  to  apex, 
brown  with  the  lateral  edges  and  median  carina  pale.  Pronotum 
short,  fuscous  with  the  lateral  carinae  and  margins  paler.  Scutellum 
5-carinate,  dark  fuscous,  paler  on  the  disc.  Elytra  long  and  narrow, 
subhyaline,  the  nervures  yellow  and  only  very  obscurely  and  minutely 
marked  with  black  dots  before  the  stigma;  in  apical  portion  these 
nervures  are  more  or  less  smoky  and  punctured  with  black.  Beneath 
testaceous  to  fulvous-brown.  Legs  testaceous-brown. 

Redescribed  from  two  females  and  a  male  taken  by  the 
writer  by  sweeping  Juncus  and  sedges  at  edge  of  a  bayou 
at  Ocean  Springs,  Miss.,  June  26,  1921,  and  numerous  fe- 
males in  the  Osborn  collection  from  N.  J.,  D.  C.,  N.  H.,  and 
Ohio. 

Oliarus  quinquelineatus  SAY 

(1830  Jr.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  vi,  p.  241;  Compl.  Writ, 
ii,  p.  375,  Plata). 

This  is  our  most  abundant  and  widely  distributed  North 
American  species  of  the  genus.  Recorded  from  Quebec, 
Ont,  N.  Y.,  N.  J.,  Ohio,  N.  C.,  Fla.  and  Colorado. 

Closely  related  to  vicarius  but  proportionately  broader 
and  shorter,  with  heavier  elytral  maculations,  a  blacker 
and  nearly  quadrate  stigma  and  a  distinctly  broader  frons. 

Vertex  rather  broad,  fuscous  with  a  white  spot  on  each  side  next 
to  the  eye.  Frons  greatly  broadened  to  apex,  with  a  prominent 

61 


median  keel,  fulvous.  Pronotum  short,  fuscous,  the  lateral  carinae 
distinctly  paler  and  attaining  the  lateral  margins.  Scutellum  5-cari- 
nate,  sordid  yellowish  on  the  disc  and  dark  fuscous  outside  of  the 
lateral  carinae.  Elytra  long  and  rather  broad,  hyaline,  clouded  with 
fuscous  at  base  and  slightly  so  towards  the  tip,  a  more  or  less  obscure 
or  interrupted  transverse  band  before  the  middle  and  the  stigma 
fuscous;  nervures  minutely  punctated  with  black.  Abdomen  dark. 
Legs  pale  testaceous,  the  femora  darker  and  the  tibiae  twice  banded 
with  brown. 

Length  of  body  5.50 — 6  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  7 — 8  mm. 

Redescrib^ed  from  two  females  taken  by  Charles  Dury 
at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  June  27,  1900,  a  female  from  Marion 
County,  Arkansas,  taken  by  F.  M.  MacElfresh,  and  another 
taken  by  the  writer  at  Gainesville,  Fla.,  in  1917. 

Say  states  that  the  species  occurred  in  New  Jersey  early 
in  August  on  Pinus  rigida. 

Oliarus  vicarius  WALKER 
(1851  List  Homop.,  ii,  p.  343,  Cixius). 

Recorded  from  Md.  (?),  Ga.,  Fla.,  Texas  (?),  and  Colo. 

(?). 

Very  close  to  5-lineatus,  but  is  slightly  larger,  the  elytra 
are  less  strongly  maculated,  the  stigma  is  longer  and  nar- 
rower, and  the  wings  are  pellucid. 

General  color  pale  fulvous-brown  or  ferruginous.  Vertex  longer 
than  wide,  fulvous-brown  with  a  whitish  area  on  each  side.  Frons 
enlarged  to  apex,  with  a  median  carina,  brown.  Pronotum  short, 
the  lateral  carinae  curved  out  behind  the  eyes  and  attaining  the 
lateral  margins.  Scutellum  long,  fulvous-brown,  paler  on  the  disc, 
with  five  carinae,  the  intermediate  ones  become  evanescent  or  join 
the  median  carinae  some  distance  from  the  hind  margin  of  the  pro- 
notum.  Elytra  transparent  hyaline,  the  stigma  and  apical  cross-veins 
pale  fuscous;  nervures  pale  yellow  with  dark  setigerous  dots.  Wings 
pellucid,  veins  brown.  Pale  tawny  brown  beneath.  Legs  pale  brown. 

Male  pygofer  long  and  slender,  the  ventral  margin  deeply  cut  out, 
with  a  median  tooth ;  the  genital  styles  rather  long,  hirsute,  flexed  out- 
wards and  downwards,  the  apical  portion  much  enlarged;  each  style 
resembling  very  much  a  tobacco  pipe  in  general  shape. 

Length  of  body  5.25  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  7.75  mm. 

Redescribed  from  a  male  taken  by  C.  J.  Drake  at 
Gainesville,  Fla.,  June  30,  1918. 

Oliarus  placitus  VAN  DUZEE 
(1912  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  x,  p.  493) 

Allied  to  vicarius  and  5-lineatus.    A  large  elongated 

62 


species;  the  females  generally  marked  with  a  longitudinal 
fuscous  vitta  on  the  elytra. 

The  original  description  is  quoted  here. 

"Female:  Vertex  as  broad  as  in  5-lineatus  and  as  long  as  in 
vicarius.  Front  and  clypeus  together  proportionately  longer  than 
in  b-lineatus  and  less  angled  at  the  sides;  distinctly  broader  than  in 
vicarius;  base  of  the  clypeus  distinctly  broader  and  less  deeply  in- 
serted in  the  front  than  in  either  of  the  allied  species.  Pronotal 
carinae  straighter  and  more  parallel  than  in  vicarius.  Elytra  long 
and  parallel  sided;  radial  and  ulnar  nervures  forked  on  the  same 
line  but  farther  from  the  base  than  the  point  of  union  of  the  claval 
nervures.  In  vicarius  the  point  of  union  of  the  claval  nervures  is 
beyond  the  others  while  in  5-lineatus  the  three  are  about  on  a  line; 
stigma  still  longer  than  in  vicarius.  Elytral  setae  less  conspicuous 
than  in  the  allied  species.  Hind  femora  with  three  equidistant  teeth, 
the  basal  very  minute  and  placed  close  to  the  base. 

Color  ferruginous-brown  or  almost  castaneous;  the  sides  of  the 
mesonotum  darker;  meso-  and  meta-pleurae  and  legs  paler,  the  femora 
darker;  anterior  and  intermediate  tibiae  twice  banded  with  brown. 
Abdomen  fuscous,  the  segments  edged  with  white.  Carinae  of  the 
vertex  with  a  median  pale  spot;  those  of  the  face  paler,  the  marginal 
forming  a  pale  hook  either  side  of  the  base  of  the  clypeus.  Elytra 
whitish-hyaline,  the  nervures  pale  dotted  with  black;  stigma  and  a 
longitudinal  discal  vitta  which  begins  at  the  base  of  the  anteapical 
areoles,  fuscous;  the  transverse,  and  the  tips  of  all  the  apical  ner- 
vures blackish  and  bordered  with  fuscous.  Commissure  usually  with 
a  fuscous  vitta  to  near  the  apex  of  the  clavus.  Generally  there 
are  two  fuscous  marks  on  the  costa  near  the  middle,  a  mark  on  the 
inner  branch  of  the  radial  vein  next  the  fork,  another  on  the  fork, 
and  a  round  spot  on  the  fork  of  the  claval  vein.  The  fuscous  vitta 
on  the  apex  and  that  on  the  commissure  may  be  reduced  or  wanting 
but  the  spots  on  the  nervures  seem  to  be  constant. 

The  male  is  smaller  and  wants  most  of  the  elytral  markings  but 
has  the  four  dots  on  the  nervures;  and  the  stigma,  the  transverse 
veins,  and  the  tips  of  the  apical  are  fuscous.  The  male  genital 
characters  in  this  species  are  very  distinct.  The  median  tooth  of 
this  segment  is  long  and  broad,  roundedly  expanded  and  feebly 
bilobate  at  apex  where  its  slender  margin  is  reflexed.  Side  pieces  of 
the  genital  segment  obtusely  triangular,"  but  little  surpassing  the 
median  tooth.  Plates  narrow  and  curved  at  base,  abruptly  expanded 
and  almost  square  beyond  the  apex  of  the  median  lobe,  their  inner 
margins  contiguous  and  their  outer  angles  produced.  Pygofers  form- 
ing a  hood  over  the  apex  of  the  plates,  armed  with  a  slender  tooth 
dorsally." 

Length  of  body,  male  5  mm.,  female  5.50  mm.;  length  to  tip  of 
elytra,  male  7.50 — 9.50  mm.;  female  9 — 11  mm. 

The  writer  and  C.  J.  Drake  took  a  number  of  this  species 

63 


while  sweeping  in  typical  cane-brake  near  Tupelo,  Miss., 
July  1,  1921;  one  of  these  was  taken  on  hackberry,  Celtis 
occidentalis,  overhanging  the  brake.  In  Prof.  Osborn's 
collection  there  is  a  pair  taken  by  C.  J.  Drake  at  Gainesville, 
Fla.,  July  21,  1918,  and  a  male  from  Lawrence,  Kansas, 
taken  in  June  by  E.  S.  Tucker. 

Oliarus  difficilis  VAN  DUZEE 
(1912  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  x,  p.  494) 

Known  only  from  Florida. 

The  original  description  is  quoted  here. 

"Smaller  than  slossoni  with  the  vertex  broader,  the 
clypeus  proportionately  shorter,  the  mesonotum  paler  be- 
tween the  lateral  carinae  and  the  elytral  nervures  distinctly 
punctate.  Length  6  mm. 

Vertex  much  narrower  than  in  slossoni  but  still  at  least  one-half 
times  longer  than  broad.  Front  broad,  but  proportionately  longer 
with  a  narrower  base  than  in  either  slossoni  or  aridus,  the  median 
carina  distinctly  but  narrowly  forked  at  base  while  in  both  of  the 
allied  species  this  fork  is  as  broad  as  long  and  is  obscure  in  aridus 
and  almost  obsolete  in  slossoni.  Clypeus  scarcely  longer  than  the 
front,  about  twice  as  long  in  both  the  allied  species;  very  minutely 
transversely  striate,  and  viewed  from  the  side  or  below  exhibiting 
heavy  oblique  striae.  Pronotum  very  short.  Mesonotum  tricarinate. 
Elytra  proportionately  a  little  broader  than  in  slossoni,  the  nervures 
heavy,  evidently  but  not  strongly  punctate,  the  anastomoses  heavily 
infuscated;  stigma  large  as  in  aridus. 

Color  piceous  brown,  almost  black  in  places;  carinae  of  the  head 
and  pronotum,  margins  of  the  abdominal  segments,  tegulae  and  apex 
of  the  mesonotum  testaceous;  disk  of  the  mesonotum  pale  castaneous 
between  the  lateral  carinae;  apex  of  the  front  with  an  indefinite  paler 
spot  on  either  side  of  the  base  of  the  clypeus;  clypeus  almost  fulvous 
in  one  example.  Mesosternum  and  pleura  whitish  as  in  the  allied 
species.  Legs  brown,  becoming  paler  toward  their  apex,  the  inci- 
sures  pallid.  Elytra  obviously  whitish-hyaline,  nervures  pale,  fusco- 
punctate,  infuscated  only  on  the  forks,  transverse  veins  and  at  apex; 
commissural  nervure  twice  alternated  with  white.  Nervures  of  the 
wings  slender,  fuscous.  In  one  example  the  base  of  the  elytra  bears 
a  fuscous  cloud  as  in  slossoni  and  humeralis. 

Described  from  two  females  taken  at  Belleair,  Fla.,  by 
Mrs.  Annie  Trumbull  Slosson." 

Oliarus  montanus  METCALF 
(1923  Jr.  Elisha  Mitchell  Soc.,  38,  p.  179) 

Described  from  Virginia  and  North  Carolina  material; 

64 


can  be  recognized  by  its  broad  vertex,  finely  punctate  wing 
veins  and  distinct  male  genitalia. 

The  original  description  is  quoted  here. 

"Vertex  broad,  narrowed  anteriorly,  deeply  notched  posteriorly; 
frons  longer  than  broad;  the  clypeus  shorter  than  the  frons,  much 
more  deeply  inserted.  Pronotum  rather  long,  the  posterior  margin 
triangularly  emarginate,  the  sides  nearly  straight.  Mesonotum  with 
five  carinae  distinct,  the  intermediate  carinae  broadly  arched.  Male 
pygofer  short,  broad,  the  ventral  sinus  broad,  median  tooth  broadly 
expanded  apically,  the  apical  border  but  little  reflexed,  genital  styles 
slender,  broadly  curved,  the  apical  portion  but  little  widened;  the  inner 
margins  short,  not  contiguous,  the  outer  angles  but  little  produced; 
the  anal  segment  hood-like,  rounded  on  the  apex,  which  is  strongly 
deflexed,  almost  touching  the  apex  of  the  median  tooth. 

Color:  General  color  blackish  fuscous,  the  wings  strongly  infus- 
cated,  veins  darker,  finely  punctate;  frons  blackish  fuscous,  the 
carinae  but  little  paler;  clypeus  ruf o-f uscous ;  carinae  distinctly  paler; 
venter  and  femora  fuscous,  with  tibiae  testaceous  brown,  with  fus- 
cous rings;  abdomen  black,  the  segments  narrowly  bordered  with 
pale  yellow,  male  genital  pieces  brown. 

Length,  apex  of  head  to  apex  of  abdomen  5.'00  mm.;  to  the  tip 
of  the  wings  7.20  mm." 

Oliarus  vitreus  METCALF 
(1923  Jr.  Elisha  Mitchell  Soc.,  38,  p.  180) 
Known  only  from  Southern  Pines,  No.  Carolina.     May 
be  recognized  by  its  large  size,  glossy  blackish  color  and 
distinct  male  genitalia. 

The  original  description  is  quoted  here. 

"Vertex  narrow,  triangularly  narrowed  anteriorly;  frons  narrow 
between  the  eyes,  broader  below;  pronotum  deeply  notched  posteriorly; 
mesonotum  with  five  distinct  carinae;  forewings  uniformly  punctate; 
male  pygofer  with  a  long  median  tooth,  genital  styles  slender  with  a 
distinct  elevated  ridge,  their  apices  much  reflexed  appearing  coiled. 

Color:  General  color  dark,  glossy;  head,  thorax  and  abdomen  black, 
clypeus  not  distinctly  paler  than  the  frons;  legs  uniform  dark  tawny; 
fore  wings  glossy,  much  infuscated  and  marked  with  blackish,  there 
is  usually  a  broad  distinct  transverse  band  from  the  middle  of  the 
costal  margin  diagonally  across  the  wings  to  near  the  apex  of  the 
clavus,  this  band  nearly  paralleling  the  lateral  borders  of  the  meso- 
notum. 

Length,  male,  apex  of  head  to  apex  of  abdomen  6.00  mm.;  tips  of 
wings  8.00  mm.;  female,  apex  of  head  to  apex  of  abdomen,  7.00  mm.; 
tips  of  wings  9.00  mm." 

THE  GENUS  MONORACHIS  UHLER 

Thi.  genus  was  erected  by  Uhler  in  1901  for  a  single 
brachypt.rous  female  from  Florida. 

65 


Briefly  characterized  as  follows:  Form  of  a  long  Issus.  Vertex 
short,  transverse,  lunately  emarginate  behind,  the  apex  slightly 
angularly  produced.  Frons  oblique,  just  in  front  of  junction  with 
vertex,  decidedly  and  angularly  projected  backwards,  making  the 
base  of  the  frons  plainly  visible  from  a  dorsal  view  of  the  insect, 
the  sides  gradually  enlarging  to  near  the  apex,  an  ocellus  placed  at 
apex  of  the  median  carina.  Clypeus.  triangular,  convexly  elevated 
longitudinally.  Pronotum  very  narrow,  entering  deeply  into  the  notch 
of  the  head,  the  lateral  carinae  curved  out  behind  the  eye  and  reach- 
ing the  lateral  margins.  Scutellum  long,  tricarinate.  Brachypterous 
elytra  scarcely  longer  than  the  abdomen,  bluntly  rounded  at  tip,  the 
veins  coarse,  granulate,  the  medial  areoles  few,  long,  narrow,  the  apical 
series  composed  of  rather  short  areoles  which  widen  apically,  the 
clavus  large,  long,  and  acutely  triangular.  Legs  short,  stout,  the 
anterior  femora  grooved  and  carinate  beneath,  tibiae  flattened  on  the 
outer  surface  and  margined  with  carinate  lines. 

Haplotype  of  the  genus:     Monorachis  sordulentus  Uhl. 


Fig.  17 — Monorachis  sordulentus  Uhler,  brachypterous  male, 
greatly  enlarged.    (Original). 

Monorachis  sordulentus  UHLER 
(1901  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.,  iv,  No.  4,  pp.  509-510) 

General  color  dark  brown,  somewhat  clouded  with  obscure  fulvous. 
Vertex  short,  transverse,  rather  lunately  emarginate  behind,  apex 
slightly  angularly  produced,  testaceous-yellow.  Frons  soiled  yellowish- 
brown,  the  sides  gradually  enlarging  to  near  the  apex,  oblique.  Pro- 
notum and  scutellum  pale  fulvous  on  disc,  piceous  on  sides  outside 

66 


of  lateral  carinae.  Elytra  in  brachypterous  form  scarcely  longer  than 
the  abdomen,  flexed  downwards,  bluntly  rounded  at  apex,  the  veins 
coarse  and  granulate;  dull  fulvous  in  color,  crossed  by  irregular 
bands  of  brown  ragged  spots,  the  coarse  vein  of  inner  margin  and 
veins  between  the  spots,  pale  fulvous  or  testaceous  Wings  hyaline, 
the  veins  fuscous.  Legs  pale  testaceous,  the  femora  slightly  em- 
browned. 

Male  pygofer  very  narrow  and  elongate,  the  ventral  margin  deeply 
cut  out,  with  a  median  strap-shaped  tooth;  genital  styles  slender  at 
base,  curved  inward  semicircularly  and  then  enlarged,  continued 
straight  for  a  short  distance  and  then  flexed  outward  and  downwards, 
very  much  enlarged  and  especially  hairy  on  the  apical  half,  the  tip 
blunt;  anal  tube  with  ventral  margin  bluntly  produced  on  each  side. 

Length  to  tip  of  brachypterous  elytra  3.25  mm. 

Redescribed  from  a  single  brachypterous  male  taken  sweeping  in 
low  shady  spot  or  edge  of  deciduous  woods,  Prairie,  Miss.,  June  11, 
1921. 

THE  GENUS  COTYLECEPS  UHLER 

The  genus  was  erected  in  1895  and  therefore  takes  pre- 
cedence over  Fowler's  Metabrixia. 

Briefly  characterized  as  follows:  Form  of  Bothriocerus  excepting 
in  the  shape  of  head.  Vertex  shorter  than  the  eye,  but  projecting 
nearly  the  full  length  in  front  of  them,  with  the  surface  deeply 
sunken  and  the  sides  correspondingly  and  acutely  elevated,  having  the 
line  of  contact  with  the  front  indented;  the  front  long,  deeply  scooped 
out,  with  the  sides  foliaceous,  expanded  and  then  tapering  to  the  tip 
of  clypeus,  and  carina  of  the  middle  much  lower  than  the  sides,  point 
of  juncture  between  the  front  and  clypeus  indented  and  occupied  by 
an  ocellus,  clypeus  with  a  low,  thick  carina;  cheeks  broad,  somewhat 
foliaceous,  excavated  above  the  eyes.  Pronotum  very  short,  saddle- 
shaped,  deep-seated,  and  upturned  in  the  middle,  regularly  wide  on 
the  sides  extending  downwards.  Mesonotum  with  the  dorsal  shield 
long  and  narrow,  carinate  in  the  middle,  with  the  lateral  carinate 
margins  spreading  apart  posteriorly,  with  the  scutellum  large,  tri- 
angular, depressed  in  the  middle.  Elytra  gradually  and  almost  sym- 
metrically widening  towards  the  tip,  tJie  tip  almost  bluntly  rounded, 
with  the  inner  arc  a  little  narrower  than  the  outer  one;  veins  of  the 
middle  apex  straight,  bounding  long  and  narrow  areoles,  one  on  either 
side  of  the  four  middle  ones  forked,  those  of  the  upper  extremity 
curved  outwards;  middle  longitudinal  nerve  with  two  curved  forks 
near  its  tip.  Elytra  held  nearly  vertical.  Abdomen  somewhat  pris- 
matic, with  the  central  ridge  prominent;  venter  moderately  wide  and 
not  quite  flat. 

Haplotype  of  the  genus:    Cotyleceps  decorata  Uhl. 


67 


Cotyleceps  delicata  Fowler 

(1905  Biologia  Central!- Americana,  Rhyncota,  vol.  I,  p.  86, 

Metabrixia) 

Color  a  blackish-fuscous,  paler  beneath;  frons  clouded  with  brown, 
the  carinae  paler.  Dorsal  surface  black  with  a  broad  pale  fulvous 
vitta  covering  the  entire  vertex  and  the  pro-  and  mesonotum  on  the 
disc  between  the  lateral  carinae,  and  this  vitta  is  continued  along  the 
elytral  commissure  where  it  is  paler  in  color,  gradually  narrowing 
and  becoming  obscured.  Elytra,  macropterous,  smoky  with  the  veins 
fuscous.  Legs  testaceous. 

Length  to  tip  of  elytra  6.  mm. 

A  series  of  six  females  and  four  males  were  taken  by 
the  writer  during  1921  at  the  following  localities  in  Mis- 
sissippi: Ocean  Springs,  July  24,  1920,  and  Aug.  3,  1921; 
Pascagoula,  Aug.  7,  1921;  and  Columbus,  June  23,  1921. 
Three  specimens  collected  by  F.  M.  Hull  at  Harlingen, 
Texas,  July  12,  1921,  and  a  small  series  taken  by  the  writer 
in  low  woods  near  New  Orleans,  La.,  July  23,  1922,  are  at 
hand-  A  pair  in  Prof.  Osborn's  collection  taken  by  Wm. 
Palmer  at  N.  Alexandria,  Va.,  July,  1907,  and  a  female  from 
Orangeburg,  So.  Car.,  Aug.  18,  1914,  F.  H.  Lathrop,  have 
also  been  studied. 

Van  Duzee  redescribed  this  species  under  the  name  of 
Cixius  dorsivittatus  from  a  single  female  example  from 
Florida  and  Metcalf  figures  this  same  species  (Fulgoridae 
of  Eastern  No.  Amer.,  Plate  44,  fig.  77)  and  erected  the 
new  genus  Ciocixius  to  contain  it. 

The  Arrow  Head,  Sagitaria  latifolia,  is  a  definite  food 
plant  of  this  species.  This  plant  grows  in  low,  moist  places 
in  deep  deciduous  woods,  and  the  writer  took  most  of  his 
specimens  sweeping  pure  stands  of  this  plant  at  various 
localities.  Several  specimens  were  also  taken  at  bright 
light  traps. 

Cotyleceps  aspersa  Fowler 
(1905  Biologia  Centrali- Americana,  p.  87,  Metabrixia) 

This  species  is  very  close  to  the  preceding  one  but  is 
distinguished  by  its  slightly  larger  size,  more  mottled  elytra, 
and  in  having  the  commissural  vitta  decidedly  less  distinct. 
Legs  testaceous  but  somewhat  variegated.  Its  length  varies 
from  6.5  to  7  mm. 


The  writer  collected  two  females  at  Meridian,  Aug.  14, 
1921,  a  male  at  Aberdeen,  June  26,  1921,  and  a  male  at 
Hattiesburg,  Aug.  10,  1921.  This  species  occurs  also  in 
low  deciduous  woods  but  is  far  less  common  in  Mississippi 
than  Cotyleceps  delicata. 

THE  GENUS  Cixius  LATREILLE 

This  genus  was  erected  in  1804  by  Latreille  (Hist.  Nat. 
Crust.  Ins.,  xii,  p.  310)  and  is  well  represented  in  Europe 
and  the  New  World.  Seven  species  have  been  recorded  from 
North  America  but  the  record  of  .albicinctus  is  probably 
based  on  an  erroneous  determination.  Three  species  are 
known  to  occur  in  the  Southern  States. 

What  little  is  known  of  these  plant  hoppers  indicates  that 
they  are  tree  and  shrub  inhabiting.  Some  show  a  decided 
preference  for  conifers,  such  as  the  spruce  and  pine.  One 
species,  stigmatus  SAY,  seems  to  feed  on  grasses  and  sedges 
in  low  wet  places  . 

The  genus  is  very  closely  related  to  Monorachis  and  Oliarus  and 
may  be  briefly  characterized  as  follows:  Vertex  short,  four  angled, 
together  with  the  large  but  inconspicuous  eyes,  narrower  than  the 
pronotum,  separated  in  front  from  the  frons  by  a  transverse  ridge; 
four  compartments  are  formed  by  the  median  longitudinal  carina  and 
an  anterior  transverse  one,  the  two  hind  compartments  larger  than 
the  front  ones.  Frons  with  a  median  longitudinal  carina,  at  the  apex 
of  which  is  placed  an  ocellus.  Pronotum  very  short,  angularly  emargi- 
nate  behind,  the  lateral  carinae  curved  out  behind  the  eyes  and 
attaining  the  lateral  margins.  Scutellum  large  and  tricarinate.  Elytra 
longer  than  the  abdomen,  broadly  rounded  at  apex;  nervures  punc- 
tated with  more  or  less  distinct  black  dots,  from  which  areas  arise 
fine  fuscous  hairs;  stigma  distinct.  Wings  present.  Hind  tibiae 
with  two  or  three  spines,  nearly  always  three.  Logotype  of  the  genus : 
Cixius  nervosus  Linn. 

The  following  key  has  been  adapted  from  Van  Duzea 
Key  to  the  species  of  Cixius. 

Elytra  hyaline  or  slightly  enfumed,  frequently  more  or  less  banded 
or  maculated  with  fuscous;  nervures  with  brown  punctures, 1. 

1.  Vertex  distinctly  transverse,  at  most  obtusely  angled  before;  ely- 
tra proportionately  broader;  outer  sector  of  the  corium  forked  as 
near  to  or  nearer  the  base  than  is  the  inner;  maculation  trans- 
verse,   2. 

..  Vertex  a  little  longer  than  broad,  triangular,  its  apex  subacute; 
elytra  proportionately  narrower;  outer  sector  of  the  corium  forked 


farther  from  the  base  than  is  the  inner;  maculation  longitudinal, 

cultus  BALL 

Vertex  broad  triangular,  obtuse  or  subacute  before,  its  apex  very 
nearly  attaining  the  base  of  the  frons  and  almost  bisecting  the 
transverse  compartment  at  the  apex  of  the  head;  frons  black 
with  the  carinae  pale ;  plates  and  styles  of  the  male  about  equalling 

the  pygofers misellus  VAN  D. 

_.  Vertex  short,  transverse,  rounded  before;  transverse  compart- 
ment at  the  apex  of  the  head  much  less  narrowed,  divided  by  a 
median  carina, 3. 

3.  Larger,  6-7  mm.;  clypeus  paler  than  the  frons;  plates  and  styles  of 
the  male  distinctly  shorter  than  the  pygofers, 4. 

...  Smaller,  5  mm.;  face  entirely  black  with  pale  carinae;  plates  and 
styles  of  the  male  as  long  as  the  pygofers, coloepeum  FITCH 

4.  Length  7  mm.;  clypeus  abruptly  paler,  at  base  strongly  angled; 
plates  of  the  male   less  than  half  the  length  of  the  pygofers; 
elytra  generally  quite  strongly  maculated,  their  base  more  or  less 
distinctly  fuscous, basalis  VAN  D. 

...  Length  6  mm.;  clypeus  less  strongly  differentiated;  plates  more 
than  half  the  length  of  the  pygofers;  elytra  almost  immaculate 
or  with  some  small  broken  spots  beyond  the  middle,  base  not 
darker, pini  FITCH 

Cixius  pini  FITCH 
(1851  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  45) 

Recorded  from  Quebec,  Ont.,  Mass.,  N.  Y.,  Pa.  and  N.  C. 

A  small  species  with  elytra    almost    immaculate    or 

with  some  small  broken  brownish  spots  beyond  the  middle. 

Vertex  very  short,  transverse,  distinctly  carinated,  fuscous  with 
pale  area  next  the  eyes.  Frons  and  clypeus  fuscous,  the  edges  and 
median  carina  fulvous.  Pronotum  very  short,  lateral  carinae  curved 
out  behind  the  eyes  and  reaching  the  hind  margin.  Scutellum  long, 
distinctly  tricarinate,  dark  fuscous,  slightly  fulvous  on  the  disc.  Ely- 
tra hyaline,  almost  immaculate  but  in  some  specimens  with  some  small 
broken  brownish  spots  beyond  the  middle;  stigma  pale  brown;  ner- 
vures  minutely  dotted  with  black,  the  dots  on  the  costal  nervure 
slightly  heavier.  Abdomen  black.  Legs  testaceous. 

Male  pygofer  dark  fuscous,  the  ventral  margin  deeply  cut  out 
and  with  a  very  short  median  tooth,  the  sides  much  more  oblique 
than  in  basalts',  genital  styles  pale,  slender  at  the  base,  much  en- 
larged, rounded  and  compressed  at  the  apices;  anal  tube  produced 
Slightly  each  side  ventrad. 

Length  of  body  3.5 — 4.5  mm. ;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  5.25 — 6.25  mm. 

Redescribed  from  a  large  series  of  both  sexes  taken  by 
Prof.  H.  Osborn  at  Orono,  Me.,  during  August,  1913;  sev- 
eral taken  by  C.  J.  Drake  at  Cranberry  Lake,  N.  Y. ;  several 

70 


pairs  from  New  Hampshire,  collected  by  W.  F.  Fisk;  and  a 
series  from  Sault  St.  Marie,  Can.,  all  in  the  private  collec- 
tion of  Prof.  Osborn. 

Pine,  fir,  and  spruce  are  known  definitely  to  be  host 
plants  of  this  species. 

Cixius  basalis  VAN  DUZEE 
(1908  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  lix,  p.  489) 

Recorded  from  Quebec,  Ont.,  N.  H.,  Mass.,  R.  I.,  N.  Y., 
Ga.,  Colo.,  Texas,  Calif,  and  Br.  Columbia. 

Of  about  the  same  size  and  general  aspect  of  Oliarus 
5-lineatus,  but  readily  distinguished  from  that  species  by 
three  mesonotal  carinae.  It  varies  greatly  in  the  extent  of 
the  elytral  maculation. 

The  original  description  is  quoted  here. 

"Vertex  short,  transverse,  arcuated,  its  anterior  and  posterior 
margins  about  parallel,  its  outer  angles  rounded,  median  carina  not 
pronounced;  transverse  compartment  at  the  apex  of  the  head  but 
slightly  narrowed  at  center.  Front  proportionately  longer  than  in 
pini,  but  shorter  than  in  stigmatus;  black  with  the  strong  carinae 
fulvous;  clypeus  abruptly  fulvous,  its  apex  and  the  tylus  blackish, 
basal  margin  strongly  angled.  Pronotum  linear  and  deeply  angled 
as  in  the  allied  species;  soiled  fulvous-yellow  as  are  the  carinae  of 
the  vertex  and  the  tegulae;  mesonotum  deep  black  with  a  pale  point 
at  the  posterior  end  of  each  carina.  Elytra  abruptly  widened  near 
the  base,  then  almost  parallel  to  the  stigma;  whitish  hyaline,  nervures 
white  conspicuously  dotted  with  black,  costal  stronger  with  about 
16  larger  dots  before  the  stigma,  a  few  of  which  are  grouped  where 
the  transverse  band  touched  the  margin;  the  radial  forked  nearer 
the  base  than  is  the  second  ulnar.  In  fully  marked  specimens  the 
base  of  the  elytra  are  deep  fuscous  or  black  to  behind  the  tip  of  the 
scutellum;  a  broken  linear  transverse  band  crosses  about  halfway  to 
the  stigma  and  another  at  the  stigma;  sometimes  there  is  a  costal 
spot  between  these  bands,  and  the  transverse  nervures  at  the  base 
of  the  apical  areoles  are  heavily  brown.  Frequently  the  base  is  but 
slightly  obscured  and  the  anterior  band  and  costal  spots  or  all  the 
markings  are  wanting  or  feebly  indicated.  Beneath  black  varied 
with  soiled  yellow ;  legs  pale  with  the  femora  more  or  less  fuscous.  Ab- 
domen black  with  the  narrow  edges  of  the  segments  and  base  of 
the  genital  pieces  of  the  female  pale;  in  the  male  the  plates,  inferior 
surface  of  the  pygofers  at  base  and  a  dot  at  each  incisure  on  the 
edge  of  the  abdomen  is  pale.  Plates  of  the  male  short,  slender  at 
base,  abruptly  expanded  above  in  a  transverse  oblique  plate  lying 
against  the  slightly  oblique  apical  margin  of  the  genital  segment; 

71 


pygofers  extending  for  more  than  half  their  length  beyond  the  plates, 
estimating  from  the  ventral  notch  of  the  genital  segments.  Length 
7  mm." 

The  writer  has  for  study  a  pair  from  Westfield,  N.  J., 
July  16,  1904,  a  female  from  Wooster,  Ohio,  July  5,  1920,  a 
female  from  Forest  Park,  N.  Y.,  June  14,  1902,  and  a 
female  from  Fairfax,  Iowa,  June  24,  1899,  H.  Osborn;  all 
in  the  private  collection  of  Prof.  Herbert  Osborn. 

Cixius  stigmatus  SAY 

(1825  Jr.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  iv,  p.  336;  Compl.  Writ., 
ii,  p.  255,  Plata) 

Recorded  from  Mo.,  Kans.,  and  Colo. 

Body  black.  Vertex  short,  broad,  triangular,  subacute  before, 
median  carina  abbreviated.  Frons  black  with  the  carinae  pale.  Pro- 
notum  short,  dark  fuscous,  the  margins  and  carinae  slightly  paler, 
deeply  emarginate  behind.  Scutellum  large,  distinctly  tricarinate, 
black.  Elytra  white,  a  common  black  band  near  the  base,  becoming 
brown  towards  the  suture,  and  a  black  stigma,  which  is  margined 
with  white  before;  nervures  white,  regularly  dotted  with  black, 
setigerous.  Tibiae  fuscous. 

Male  pygofer  with  the  ventral  margin  deeply  and  broadly  notched 
out,  with  a  short  blunt  median  tooth;  the  sides  are  short  and 
rounded,  and  not  oblique;  genital  styles  slender  at  base,  enlarged 
about  the  middle  and  flexed  outwards,  the  two  styles  converging  and 
touching  along  the  middle. 

Length  of  body  4  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  6.25  mm. 

Redescribed  from  two  females  taken  by  A.  E.  Miller 
at  Columbus,  Ohio,  Oct.  20,  1921,  while  sweeping  in  a  low 
meadow,  a  female  from  Ames,  la.,  and  another  from  San 
Antonio,  Texas,  March  1,  1910,  the  latter  swept  by  Prof. 
Osborn  from  oats  in  an  irrigated  field,  and  a  male  taken 
by  the  writer  at  Bay  Pt.,  near  Sandusky,  Ohio,  Oct.  6,  1921, 
by  sweeping  grass  and  sedges  in  a  low  spot  along  the  shore. 

Cixius  misellus  VAN  DUZEE 

(1906  Check  List  Hemip.,  p.  79,  n.n.  for  stigmatus  VAN  D. 

1906) 

Widely  distributed  over  Canada  and  the  United  States. 
This  species  was  for  many  years  misidentif ied  as  stigmatus 
of  Say  but  these  two  are  distinct  according  to  Van  Duzee. 

Vertex  triangular  and  acutely  produced  anteriorly,  its  apex  very 
nearly  attaining  the  base  of  the  frons,  and  almost  bisecting  the 

72 


transverse  compartment  on  the  apex  of  the  head.  Frons,  clypeus  and 
scutellum  black  with  the  frontal  carinae  pale.  Elytra  of  the  female 
transparent,  with  a  conspicuous  blackish  vitta  before  the  middle, 
a  fuscous  spot  on  the  stigmata  and  the  nervures  are  conspicuously 
dotted  with  black;  the  male  elytra  show  but  faint  traces  of  the 
transverse  vitta. 

Male  genital  styles  broad,  about  equalling  the  pygofers. 

Length  of  body  4  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  6.25  mm. 

There  is  no  authentic  Mississippi  record  for  this  species. 
THE  GENUS  OECLEUS  STAL 

The  genus  was  erected  by  Stal  in  1862;  seminiger  Stal 
as  the  logotype.  It  is  easily  recognized  by  the  very  narrow 
vertex,  which  is  reduced  to  a  mere  slit  between  the  eyes 
and  the  5-carinate  scutellum. 

There  are  at  present  thirteen  described  species  from 
North  America  and  only  two  of  these,  borealis  and  campes- 
tris,  are  known  from  the  eastern  half  of  the  United  States. 
Nothing  is  known  of  their  life  history  but  they  are  prob- 
ably either  feeders  on  pine  or  else  grasses  in  pine  woods. 

Oecleus  borealis  VAN  DUZEE 
(1912  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  x,  p.  495) 

Recorded  from  N.  Y.,  N.  J.,  D.  C.  and  Florida. 


Fig.  18 — Oecleus  borealis  Van  Duzee,  greatly  enlarged.  (Original). 

73 


This  is  the  most  common .  of  the  eastern  species  and 
is  closely  allied  to  obtusus  Ball. 

General  color  black,  with  all  the  carinae,  the  narrow  margins  of 
the  pronotum,  scutellum  and  pleural  pieces,  fulvotestaceous;  usually 
there  is  a  broad  fulvous  vitta  near  the  lateral  angles  of  the  scutellum. 
Head  broader  than  in  some  of  our  species,  almost  semicircular  in 
outline.  Vertex  -rather  wide  at  apex,  narrowed  to  a  point  at  base; 
viewed  from  above,  produced  hardly  one-half  its  width  before  the 
eyes.  Frons  strongly  narrowed  at  base  where  the  median  carina 
is  nearly  obsolete.  Antennae  black  on  a  narrow  pale  base.  Pronotum 
deeply  sub-angularly  emarginate  behind.  Scutellum  5-carinate.  Ely- 
tra nearly  hyaline,  becoming  distinctly  smoky  at  apex;  nervures 
strong,  the  punctures  distinct  at  base  and  as  far  as  the  apical  areoles; 
stigma  unusually  short  and  broad,  sometimes  more  elongated.  In 
dark  examples  the  apical  nervures  are  more  or  less  clouded  with 
fuscous  and  the  pale  commissure  is  twice  interrupted  with  fuscous. 
Metapleura  and  base  of  the  abdomen  covered  by  a  testaceous  band; 
the  base  of  the  genital  segments  of  the  same  color  in  the  female. 
Legs  pale,  lineate  or  clouded  with  fuscous. 

Length  of  body  3-3.50  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  4.25-6  mm. 

The  writer  has  taken  both  sexes  by  sweeping  grasses 
in  pine  woods  during  1921  at  the  following  localities  in 
in  Mississippi:  Columbus,  June  23-25;  Okolona,  June  28; 
Tupelo,  July  2 ;  Port  Gibson,  July  22 ;  Poplarville,  July  28 ; 
Lucedale,  Aug.  8 ;  and  Hattiesburg,  Aug.  10.  The  writer  also 
has  on  hand  a  male  collected  by  himself  at  Columbia,  S.  C., 
Aug.  7,  1917  and  a  series  from  Chester,  Ga.,  June  14,  1904. 

Oecleus  decens  STAL 
(1862  Ber.  Ent.  Zeit,  vi,  p.  307) 

This  is  chiefly  a  western  species.  It  was  described  from 
Mexico  and  is  known  from  New  Mexico  and  California. 

I  have  on  hand  three  females  taken  by  Prof.  J.  S.  Hine 
at  Cameron,  La.,  Aug.  14,  1903,  that  agree  for  the'  most 
part  with  the  meager  description  of  Stal. 

Very  close  to  borealis  but  distinguished  at  once  by  the  vertex 
which  is  of  about  the  same  proportionate  width  as  in  borealis  but 
distinctly  more  produced  before  the  eyes.  Elytra  are  entirely  trans- 
parent hyaline,  without  the  smoky  apex  of  borealis,  and  the  nervures 
are  pale  but  distinctly  and  darkly  punctate.  Otherwise  as  in  borealis 
but  larger. 

Length  of  body  4.25  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  5.50  mm. 


74 


Oecleus  campestris  BALL 

Very  closely  allied  to  borealis  but  the  vertex  is  slightly 
wider  and  the  nervures  over  the  entire  elytra  are  much 
more  distinctly  and  darkly  punctate. 

General  color  dark  fuscous,  with  all  the  caririae,  the  narrow  mar- 
gins of  the  scutellum,  the  pleural  pieces,  and  a  cloud  or  vitta  near  the 
lateral  angles  of  the  scutellum,  fulvo-testaceous. 

Head  distinctly  broader  than  long,  somewhat  semicircular  in 
outline.  Vertex  distinctly  wider  tflian  in  borealis,  slightly  produced 
beyond  the  eyes,  rather  wide  at  the  apex.  Frons  strongly  narrowed 
at  base  where  the  median  carina  is  nearly  obsolete.  Pronotum  short, 
deeply  and  angularly  emarginate  behind,  lateral  carinae,  on  the  disc, 
and  the  margins,  pale.  Scutellum  5-carinate.  Elytra  nearly  trans- 
parent, without  the  smoky  apex  of  borealis;  fche  nervures  pale  but 
distinctly  and  darkly  punctate.  Legs  pale,  lineate  or  clouded  with 
fuscous. 

Length  of  body  3.25  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  5  mm. 

A  single  female  of  this  western  species  beaten  by  the 
writer  from  a  pine  tree  at  Columbus,  Miss.,  June  25,  1921, 
and  carefully  compared  with  the  type  series  in  the  Ball 
collection. 

THE  GENUS  MYNDUS  STAL 

This  genus  was  erected  by  Stal  in  1862  and  is  almost 
entirely  limited  to  North  America.  Thirteen  species  have 
been  described  from  the  United  States,  one  of  which  is 
known  only  from  the  Pacific  Coast.  A  single  species,  musi- 
vus,  occurs  in  Europe  and  differs  from  its  American  con- 
geners in  having  a  black  frons  and  clypeus. 

Closely  related  to  Oecleus. 

Briefly  characterized  as  follows :  Vertex  long  and  subrectangular, 
about  three  times  as  long  as  the  pronotum,  median  carina  indefinite 
or  obsolete,  produced  to  a  slightly  rounded,  obtuse  apex.  Frons  nar- 
rowed above,  broadest  at  clypeus,  a  median  carina  with  an  ocellus 
placed  at  its  apical  end.  Eyes  large,  kidney-shaped,  emarginate 
below.  Antennae  very  short,  the  second  segment  subglobose.  Prono- 
tum short,  tricarinate,  the  lateral  carinae  placed  very  close  to  the 
median  one  on  the  disc.  Scutellum  rather  long,  tricarinate.  Elytra 
longer  than  the  abdomen,  broad,  dilated  towards  the  apex,  broadly 
rounded  off  behind.  Female  with  white  flocculent  secretion  at  tip 
of  abdomen.  Hind  tibiae  without  spines. 

Logotype  of  the  genus:     Myndus  musivus  Germ. 

Prof.  Herbert  Osborn  found  nymphs  of  Myndus  radicis 
occurring  upon  the  roots  of  Impatiens,  nettles  and  some 

75 


grasses,  in  a  river  bed  near  Columbus,  Ohio,  in  May  and 
worked  out  a  partial  life  history.  This  is  the  only  hint 
we  have  of  the  habits  and  early  life  history  of  the  species 
of  Myndus. 

Key  to  the  species  of  Myndus 

1.  Frons  distinctly  twice-banded 2. 

Frons  not  banded 4. 

2.  Frons  yellowish-white 

Elytra  with  a  fuscous  apical  vitta  along  the  commissure 

pictifrons  Stal 

Elytra  sordid,  without  a  vitta,  the  veins  fuscous 

sordidipennis  Stal 

Elytra  without  a  vitta,  veins  pale;  smaller  and  paler  than 

sordidipennis  5  mm., delicatus  Van  D. 

3.  Frons  greenish-white,  a  basal  and  apical  fuscous  vitta,  the  latter 

outlined  above  by  a  fuscous  lunate  vitta;   elytra  varied  with 
fuscous;  the  lunate  vitta  lacking  in  the  male lunatus  Van  D 

4.  Frons  uniform  fulvous-brown;  elytra  black,  a  slight  orange- 

yellow  "Saddle"  occupying  most  of  the  clavus slossoni  Ball 

Frons  pale  brown;  elytra  soiled  yellowish-testaceous 

enotatus  Van  D. 

Frons  testaceous,  usually  with  a  horse-shoe  shaped  light 

mark impiger  Ball 

Frons  pale  with  a  black  spot  on  each  side  of  median  carina 

at  base radicis  Osb. 

Frons  fulvous,  immaculate;  elytra  hyaline,  veins  distinctly 

brown  occidentalis  Van  D. 

Frons  fulvous,  immaculate;  elytra  hyaline,  veins  very  pale, 

4  mm fulvus  Osb. 

Frons  dull  fulvous,  immaculate,  with  carinae  pale;  elytra 
whitish-hyaline,  veins  pale  but  distinctly  granulated;  the 

smallest  known  species,  3^-4  mm., pusillus  Van  D. 

Frons  pale  green,  immaculate viridis  Ball 

Myndus  slossoni  BALL 
(1902  Can.  Ent,  xxxiv,  p.  154) 

The  head  is  proportionately  larger  (broader)  in  this 
form  than  in  any  other  of  our  species.  There  is  consider- 
able variation  in  the  extent  of  the  pale  saddle  on  the  dorsal 
line  of  the  elytra.  This  pretty  species  is  readily  distin- 
guished by  this  light  yellow  or  orange  saddle. 

Short  and  stout,  black  with  the  margins  of  the  elytra  and  a 
median  "saddle",  light  yellow.  , 

Vertex,  frons,  legs  and  pronotum  leather-brown,  lighter  beneath. 
Vertex  very  broad,  but  slightly  carinate,  scarcely  angled  with  the 

76 


frons.  Frons  broad,  uniform  brown,  median  carina  distinct  through- 
out the  clypeus.  Eyes  large,  black,  together  with  the  vertex  nearly 
as  broad  as  the  pronotum.  Pronotum  very  short,  angulate  behind. 
Scutellum  piceous,  strongly  tricarinate.  Elytra  short  and  rather 
broad,  black,  a  light  yellow,  illy-defined  "saddle"  occupying  nearly  all 
of  the  claval  area  back  of  the  tip  of  the  scutellum;  the  costal  margins 
with  narrow  white  stripes  extending  back  beyond  apex  of  the  clavus. 

Male  pygofers  with  a  semicircular  excavation  bearing  a  minute 
knobbed  median  process;  genital  styles  long,  touching  in  the  middle, 
then  obliquely  divergent;  anal  tube  with  an  acute  median  ventral 
process. 

Length  to  tip  of  elytra  4  mm.;  width  1.25  mm. 


Fig.  19 — Myndus  slossoni  Ball,  enlarged.  (Original). 

Described  by  Ball  from  a  single  pair  from  Biscayne 
Bay,  Fla.  Van  Duzee  found  this  species  in  great  abundance 
on  the  prairies  at  Haw  Creek  near  Crescent  City,  and  more 
rarely  at  other  localities  in  Florida. 

The  writer  took  it  abundantly  while  sweeping  marsh 
reed  (Juncus  sp.)  on  an  island  at  Pascagoula,  Miss.,  July 
5,  1920,  on  Ship  Island,  Sept.  6,  1920,  and  on  Cat  Island, 
Sept.  7,  1920.  A  number  were  taken  by  sweeping  coarse 
grasses  in  low  pine  flatwoods  at  Baxterville,  Miss.,  July  27, 
1921,  and  also  in  sweeping  coarse  grass  on  floor  of  typical 
black-jack  oak  woods  near  Hattiesburg,  Miss.,  Aug.  10, 
1921.  The  last  two  localities  are  inland  many  miles  from 
the  coast. 

Myndus  enotatus  VAN  DUZEE 
(1909  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  ScL,  ix,  p.  188) 

Recorded  from  Md.,  N.  C.,  Ga.  and  Fla. 

A  species  that  is  very  close  to  slossoni  but  lacking  the 
"saddle"  and  darken  color  of  the  lajtter.  The  frons  is 
narrower  basally,  the  expanded  divergent  apices  of  the 

77 


plates  in  the  male  genitalia  are  smaller  and  narrower,  and 
are  distinctly  whitish,  and  the  styles  are  longer. 

Soiled  yellowish-testaceous  in  color,  almost  uniform  above  or  a 
little  darker  toward  the  costal  base  of  the  elytra  and  on  the  sides 
of  the  scutellum.  Abdomen  and  beneath  quite  strongly  tinged  with 
fulvous  or  at  times  almost  rufous;  the  tergum  more  or  less  blackish 
at  the  base.  Eyes  ovate.  Hind  margins  of  the  meso-  and  meta- 
pleura  at  times  black.  Costa  narrowly  whitish. 

Length  to  tip  of  elytra  4  mm.;  width  1.25  mm. 

This  species  was  described  by  Van  Duzee  from  numerous 
specimens  swept  from  grass  on  the  prairies  at  Haw  Creek, 
Fla.,  in  untold  thousands.  Metcalf  and  Osborn  give  an 
interesting  account  of  finding  this  species  on  a  rather  coarse 
grass  in  a  tidal  flat  at  Southport,  N.  C.,  and  state  that 
"the  species  has  certainly  been  able  to  accommodate  itself  to 
the  tide  flat  habitat  and  there  is  little  doubt  that  it  is  able 
to  undergo  periods  of  submergence  lasting  a  number  of 
hours." 

The  writer  has  swept  this  species  together  with  slossoni 
in  large  numbers  from  the  marsh  reed  (Juncus  sp.)  on  an 
island  in  the  Pascagoula  River  at  Pascagoula,  Miss.,  July  5, 
1920  and  on  Cat  Island,  seven  miles  off  the  Mississippi 
coast,  Sept.  7,  1920,  and  also  at  Ocean  Springs,  Miss., 
Aug.  3,  1921.  Prof.  J.  S.  Hine  took  a  large  series  at  Bay 
Ridge,  Md.,  July  1,  1899.  All  of  these  records  would  in- 
dicate a  maritime  distribution. 

Myndus  pusillus  VAN  DUZEE 
(1909  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  ix,  p.  190) 

Recorded  only  from  Florida. 

Allied  to  radicis  Osborn  but  much  smaller  with  a  nar- 
rower and  immaculate  frons.  The  smallest  and  most  del- 
icate North  American  Cixiid. 

The  original  description  is  quoted  here. 

"Female:  Vertex  rather  wider  than  in  the  allied  species,  its  cari- 
nate  sides  almost  parallel.  Front  moderately  broad,  distinctly  convex 
in  both  diameters,  strongly  carinate.  Eyes  fuscous.  Pronotum  very 
short,  the  broadly  and  deeply  emarginate  hind  edge  attaining  the  base 
of  the  vertex.  Vertex  and  pronotum  pale  greenish,  the  latter  with  a 
black  mark  on  either  side  beneath  the  eye.  Face  dull  fulvous  with 
whitish  carinae.  Scutellum  fulvous.  Tergum  more  or  less  embrowned. 

78 


Beneath  pale,   tinted  with  fulvous   on   the   pectoral   pieces.     Elytra 
hyaline,  immaculate,  the  nervures  obsoletely  punctate. 

Male  smaller  than  the  female  and  without  the  blackish  marks 
behind  the  eyes,  front  greenish  white  like  the  vertex.  Length  %Vz 
to  4  mm." 

Described  from  one  female  taken  at  Crescent  City  and 
two  males  from  Sevenoaks,  Fla.  It  is  closely  related  to 
viridis  Ball  but  is  much  smaller ;  the  vertex  is  broader,  and 
shorter,  scarcely  surpassing  the  eyes;  the  front  is  wider  at 
base  and  fuller  and  more  convex  in  both  diameters;  the 
elytral  nervures  are  more  strongly  punctate  and  are  ob- 
viously infuscated  toward  the  apex;  the  pygofers  of  the 
male  genital  segment  are  more  produced  dorsally  so  the 
apical  margin  is  strongly  oblique,  and  the  tergum  is  dis- 
tinctly marked  with  blackish." 

The  writer  took  a  single  male  while  sweeping  Juncus 
and  sedges  on  Cat  Island,  seven  miles  off  the  Mississippi 
coast. from  Gulf  port,  Miss.,  Sept.  7,  1920;  two  females  from 
Biloxi,  Miss.,  Aug.  1,  1921 ;  a  female  from  Poplarville,  Miss., 
July  28,  1921,  by  sweeping  grass  in  cut  over  pine  lands;  a 
female  from  Enterprise,  Miss.,  Aug.  13,  1921 ;  and  another 
by  sweeping  coarse  grasses  in  woods  near  Hattiesburg, 
Miss.,  Aug.  10,  1921, 

Myndus  pictifrons  STAL 
(1862  Berl.  Ent.  Zeit,  vi,  p.  307) 

Recorded  from  N.  Y.,  N.  J.,  D.  C.,  N.  C.,  and  Ohio. 

Most  readily  distinguished  from  its  closest  allied  species, 
sordidipennis,  by  the  brown  vitta  at  the  inner  angle  of  the 
elytra.  Frons  banded. 

General  color  yellowish-white.  Head,  including  the  eyes,  narrower 
than  the  pronotum;  vertex  sordid,  broad,  the  lateral  margins  carinate 
and  usually  fuscous,  slightly  produced  before  the  eyes,  and  scarcely 
angled  with  the  frons.  Frons  very  broad  below  the  eyes,  the  median 
carina  distinct  and  continuing  through  the  clypeus;  whitish  with  a 
broad  basal  band  and  a  smaller  apical  one,  black.  Eyes  large,  dark 
brown.  Antennae  very  short,  pale.  Pronotum  and  scutellum  more 
or  less  infuscated.  Elytra  transparent,  the  veins,  and  the  small  stig- 
matal  spots  of  costa  black-fuscous;  a  fuscous  apical  vitta  that  curves 
along  the  commissure  and  inwards  just  below  the  apex  of  the  clavus. 
Legs  testaceous. 

Male  pygofer  with  a  semicircular  excavation  bearing  a  minute 

79 


knobbed  median  process;  genital  styles  long,  touching  in  the  middle, 
enlarging  slightly  and  then  obliquely  diverged  downwards,  very  hir- 
sute. 

Length  of  body  4  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  5.50  mm. 
A  number  were  taken  by  C.  J.  Drake  and  the  writer 
while  sweeping  in  low  deciduous  woods  near  river  bank  at 
Columbus,  Miss.,  June  23,  1921.  I  suspect  that  the  Arrow- 
head, Sagittaria  latifolia,  is  one  of  its  food  plants.  Several 
were  also  taken  by  sweeping  the  grassy  floor  of  a  stretch 
of  open  high  pine  land  near  Columbus,  Miss.,  June  25,  1921. 

Myndus  sordidipennis  STAL 
(1862  Ber.  Ent.  Zeit,  vi,  p.  307) 

Recorded  from  Ont,  N.  Y.,  N.  J.,  Pa.,  Fla.,  and  Colo. 
Distinguished  from  its  nearest  ally,  pictifrons,  by  its 
sordid  elytra  which  lack  any  definite  banding. 

Yellowish-testaceous,  beneath  and  the  legs  paler.  Vertex  broad, 
the  margins  feebly  carinate.  Frons  with  median  carina  distinct 
throughout  its  length,  pale  whitish,  with  a  broad  basal  and  an  apical 
band,  blackish.  Eyes  large,  dark  brown.  Elytra  sordid  testaceous, 
the  veins  more  or  less  fuscous  and  granulated. 

Length  of  body  3.5  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  5  mm. 

Redescribed  from  a  pair  from  Westfield,  N.  J.,  July  16, 
1904,  and  single  females  from  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  June  10, 
1897;  Pt.  Pleasant,  N.  J.,  July  27,  1905;  Washington,  D.  C., 
June  25,  1905,  E.  P.  Van  Duzee;  and  Ironton,  Ohio,  May 
26;  all  in  the  private  collection  of  Prof.  H.  Osborn. 

Myndus  delicatus  VAN  DUZEE 
(1908  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  lix,  p.  492) 

Known  only  from  North  Carolina. 
The  original  description  is  quoted  here. 

"Closely  allied  to  sordidipennis,  but  a  little  smaller  and  paler. 
Vertex  a  little  narrower  anteriorly,  the  sides  almost  parallel  before 
the  middle;  in  sordidipennis  these  sides  converge  nearly  to  their 
apex;  black  with  a  broad  longitudinal  line  toward  the  apex  pale 
fulvous.  Eyes  black  with  their  inner  edges  slenderly  pale.  Front 
rounded  ovate;  yellowish  white  with  a  black  band  across  the  base 
and  apex;  these  bands  a  little  narrower  than  in  the  allied  species; 
carinae  on  the  apex  of  the  head  pale,  lower  down  on  the  front  the 
lateral  carinae  become  blackish  within.  Clypeus  soiled  white.  Pro- 
notum  about  as  wide  as  in  the  same  sex  of  sordidipennis;  the 

80 


hind  edge  more  angularly  emarginate  and  the  humeral  angles  more 
rounded;  superior  disc  black  with  the  slender  hind  edge  and  median 
carina  pale;  sides  pale  slightly  stained,  the  deflected  portion  black  more 
or  less  broadly  bordered  with  pale;  in  sordidipennis  entirely  pale  in 
the  specimens  before  me.  Patagia  black,  fuscous  in  its  ally.  Meso- 
notum  black  with  its  side  compartments  invaded  with  ferruginous 
before,  the  small  scutellum  pale.  Elytra  almost  hyaline,  slightly 
smoky  at  tip;  nervures  white  dotted  with  concolorous  bristle-bearing 
pits;  stigma  whitish.  Beneath  whitish,  a  little  suffused  witlh  flavous 
on  the  venter.  Apex  of  the  genital  segment  oblique,  armed  with  a 
minute  triangular  ventral  tooth;  in  sordidipennis  this  ventral  tooth 
is  larger  with  the  adjoining  margin  quite  deeply  excavated;  styles 
undulated  at  base  as  in  sordidipennis  but  distally  approximated  to 
their  rounded  apex.  In  sordidipennis  most  of  the  lower  surface  and 
genital  pieces  are  black.  Length  5  mm. 

Described  from  two  male  examples  taken  at  Hot  Springs,  North 
Carolina,  by  Mrs.  Annie  Trumbull  Slosson." 

Myndus  lunatus  VAN  DUZEE 
(1909  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  ix,  p.  189) 

Known  only  from  Florida. 

The  original  description  is  quoted  here. 

"Female :  Pale  straw-yellow  or  testaceous-yellow  varied  with  white 
and  fuscous.  Head  rather  longer  than  in  most  of  our  species.  Vertex 
long,  whitish,  and  its  margin  strongly  carinate,  fulvous,  slenderly 
lined  with  fuscous.  Front  unusually  broad,  rapidly  widening  almost 
to  the  straight  deeply  impressed  clypeal  suture,  its  thin  expanded 
sides  broadly  reflexed  and  rounded  to  the  base  of  the  clypeus;  green- 
ish-white in  color  and  marked  with  a  narrow  transverse  fulvous  band 
at  base  and  a  broader  one  at  apex,  the  latter  outlined  above  by  a  fus- 
cous or  black  lunate  vitta  which  may  be  much  extended  over  the 
fulvous  area;  clypeus  pale  green  marked  with  fuscous  or  black  on 
either  side  at  base.  Pronotum  narrow,  subangularly  emarginate  be- 
hind, marked  with  an  angular  black  spot  behind  either  eye  and  a 
similar  spot  below  the  lateral  margin.  Eyes  black  superiorly.  Ocelli 
rufous.  Scutellum  varied  with  fuscous  on  either  side,  the  disc  pale 
between  the  prominent  straight  carinae.  Elytra  varied  with  fuscous, 
the  most  conspicuous  marks  being  a  large  basal  area  containing  a 
whitish  cloud,  a  vague  vitta  beyond  the  middle,  and  the  apex;  the 
claval  suture  and  one  or  two  of  the  principal  longitudinal  nervures 
lined  with  fuscous.  In  fully  colored  examples  there  is  a  fuscous  or 
black  spot  on  the  middle  of  the  clavus  at  the  junction  of  the  nervures, 
another  on  the  costa  opposite  this,  one  on  the  base  of  the  stigma,  a 
larger  one  behind  a  white  mark  on  the  tip  of  the  clavus,  a  spot  on 
the  transverse  veinlet  at  base  of  the  second  apical  areole,  and  a  point 
anterior  to  this.  Nervures  obsoletely  punctate  but  not  dotted.  Body 

81 


beneath  whitish  varied  with  fuscous  on  the  sides  of  the  venter; 
oviduct  fuscous  or  black.  Legs  pale,  the  femora  fuscous  exteriorly. 
Length  nearly  4  mm. 

Male:  A  little  smaller  than  the  female.  Pale  straw  becoming 
fulvous  on  the  sides  of  the  scutellum  and  abdomen.  Vertex  and  face 
greenish  white,  the  front  showing  two  transverse  fulvous  vittae  but 
wanting  the  fuscous  markings  found  in  the  female.  Elytra  without 
the  fuscous  markings  but  showing  a  white  subapical  cloud  and  the 
black  points  as  described  in  the  female,  those  on  the  clavus  and 
costa  much  reduced  or  obsolete. 

Described  from  numerous  specimens  swept  from  low 
huckleberry  bushes  and  accompanying  weeds  and  grasses 
on  the  dry  pine  barrens  at  Sanford,  Sevenoaks,  Ft.  Myers 
and  Estero.  This  is  a  very  pretty  little  species  dis- 
tinguished by  the  greenish  front  banded  with  fulvous  and 
marked  with  a  fuscous  lunule  in  the  female.  In  one  female 
the  fuscous  markings  of  the  elytra  form  a  large  blackish 
cloud  on  the  base  of  the  clavus  and  an  elongated  mark  on  the 
disk  of  the  corium  posteriorly  against  the  claval  suture." 

THE  SUBFAMILY  TROPIDUCHINAE  STAL 
(Stal,  Hemip.  Afr.  iv,  pp.  130,  186,  1866,  Tropiduchida) 

Members  of  this  subfamily  occur  in  all  parts  of  the 
world,  most  of  the  genera,  however,  being  found  in  the  indo- 
malaysian  and  neotropical  regions.  The  elytral  membrane 
is  strongly  differentiated  from  the  corium  with  numerous 
simple  longitudinal  nervures  and  there  is  no  ampliation  or 
overlapping  of  the  elytra  at  the  apsx.  There  are  three 
American  species,  representing  as  many  genera,  two  of 
which  are  known  only  from  Florida. 

Key  to  the  genera 

Frons  not  keeled  in  the  middle;  line  of  cross-veins  obliquely 

placed Pelitropis  Van  D 

Frons  with  swollen  median  keel, Monopsis  Spin. 

Frons  with  median  keel ;  keel  of  vertex  simple,  the  middle  sector 
forked  on  the  middle  of  the  corium,  the  inner  forked  vein 
branching  again,  the  inner  sector  forked  before  the  mid- 
dle; line  of  cross-veins  transversely  placed,  no  subapical 
line,  Neurotemeta  Guer. 


82 


THE  GENUS  PELITROPIS  VAN  DUZEE 

The  genus  was  erected  by  Van  Duzee  in  1908  and  con- 
tains a  single  species,  rotulata,  that  is  known  only  from 
Florida  and  Mississippi  and  is  a  rather  rare  insect. 

Original  generic  characterization  is  quoted  here. 

Briefly  characterized  as  follows:  "Closely  allied  to  Tambinia 
and  differing  principally  in  its  wider  head,  non-carinate  frons  and 
different  elytral  venation.  Head  with  the  eyes  as  wide  as  the  pro- 
notum  or  nearly  so,  laminately  flattened.  Vertex  produced,  flat, 
base  angularly  emarginate,  sides  parallel,  the  margins  and  middle 


Fig.  20 — Pelitropis  rotulata  Van  D.,  enlarged.   (Original). 

line  carinate.  Frons  almost  horizontal,  broad,  sides  parallel,  base 
angularly  rounded,  disk  a  little  depressed.  Pronotum  roundedly  pro- 
duced before,  deeply  and  angularly  emarginate  behind,  tricarinate,  the 
lateral  carinae  curved  and  almost  reaching  the  posterior  angles. 
Mesonotum  tricarinate.  Elytra  long  and  narrow,  parallel,  hyaline, 
with  a  very  slender  costal  membrane;  radial  nervures  simple,  first 
ulnar  forked  behind  the  middle,  second  at  the  middle;  claval  nervures 
united  before  the  middle  of  the  commissural  margin,  the  resulting 
nervure  attaining  the  apex  of  the  clavus;  apex  of  elytra  subangularly 
rounded,  inner  edge  of  the  membrane  almost  rectilinear,  outer  curved; 
base  of  the  membrane  separated  from  corium  by  a  subangulated  line 
of  transverse  nervures,  behind  which  eight  longitudinal  nervures  run 
straight  and  almost  parallel  to  the  apex;  these  are  crossed  about 
halfway  to  the  apex  by  a  second  series  of  transverse  veinlets;  a  few 
supernumerary  veinlets  may  occur  on  the  disk  either  side  of  this 
second  line,  and  two  short  longitudinal  nervures  are  interpolated 
near  the  inner  angle;  apical  margin  with  a  very  narrow  areolate  or 
punctate  appendix.  Posterior  tibiae  with  three  spines." 
Haplotype  of  the  genus:  Pelitropis  rotulata  Van  D, 

83 


Pelitropis  rotulata  VAN  DUZEE 
(1908  Pro.  Acad.  Sci.  Phila.,  lix,  p.  474) 

The  original  description  is  quoted  here. 

"Pale  green  obscurely  varied  with  brown.  Vertex  as  long  as 
broad,  anterior  margin  obtusely  angled,  almost  parallel  with  the 
posterior;  edge  carinate  all  around,  median  carina  distinct,  surface 
depressed  with  a  few  lineations,  most  conspicuous  of  which  are  two 
on  the  middle  and  two  on  either  side  anteriorly,  placed  at  right  angles 
to  and  touching  the  margin.  Cheeks  before  the  eyes  narrow,  pointed, 
together  with  the  pleurae  and  sides  of  the  pronotum  deeper  green, 
marked  with  black  above  under  the  lateral  carinae  of  the  vertex 
and  with  a  short  parallel  line  below  from  the  anterior  angle  of  the 
eye.  Front  almost  horizontal,  its  disk  oblong,  depressed;  its  length 
one-third  greater  than  its  width;  its  sides  parallel  and  its  base  ob- 
tusely angled,  the  apical  angles  cut  off  in  line  with  the  sides  of  the 
clypeus.  Clypeus  an  equilateral  triangle,  the  three  sides  rectilinear. 
Ocelli  minute,  placed  next  the  lower  angle  of  the  eye.  Antennae 
placed  against  the  inferior  edge  of  the  eye;  base  green,  cylindrical, 
next  joint  brown,  surmounted  by  a  slender  brown  seta.  Pronotum  of 
about  equal  length  across  its  whole  width,  deeply  acutely  emarginate 
behind;  carinae  distinct,  the  lateral  meeting  the  median  before,  curved, 
at  first  concentric  with  the  anterior  edge,  almost  attaining  the  promi- 
nent posterior  angles;  sides  tricarinate  behind  the  eyes,  the  inferior 
carina  bounded  above  by  a  black  line,  and  there  are  a  few  obscure 
marks  along  the  disk  anteriorly.  Tegulae  small  with  a  black  disk. 
Scutellum  with  some  obscure  marks  on  the  disk.  Elytra  pale  greenish 
pellucid,  sparsely  dotted  with  black  along  the  nervures  of  the  clavus 
and  corium;  those  along  the  costa  drawn  out  in  oblique  false  veinlets; 
tip  of  the  membrane  a  little  smoky  with  some  of  the  transverse 
veins  brownish.  Beneath  deeper  green,  the  legs  paler  with  the  tips 
of  the  tar  sal  and  tibial  spines  and  a  mark  on  the  apex  of  the  femora 
exteriorly  blackish.  Length  7  mm." 

A  specimen  was  taken  by  the  writer  on  a  pecan  seedling 
in  a  nursery  at  Long  Beach,  Miss.,  July,  1920,  and  several 
were  swept  from  French  Mulberry,  Callicarpa  americana, 
and  other  shrubs  at  Biloxi,  July  23,  Gulfport,  Miss.,  July 
30,  and  at  Port  Gibson,  July  23,  1921. 

THE  GENUS  MONOPSIS  SPINOLA 

Briefly  characterized  as  follows:  Vertex  longer  than  wide,  broadly 
produced  beyond  the  eyes,  anterior  margin  rounded,  lateral  margins 
and  in  the  middle  strongly  carinated,  posterior  margin  angularly 
emarginate.  Frons  horizontal,  longer  than  wide,  lateral  edges  and 
middle  thickly  carinated.  Clypeus  short,  with  a  median  carina.  Ocelli 
present.  Pronotum  very  narrow,  produced  in  front  lobe-shaped, 

84 


posterior  margin  obtuse-angularly  emarginate,  tricarinate.  Scutellum 
broad,  with  three  longitudinal  carinae.  Elytra  long,  with  very  small 
costal  membrane,  transparent;  the  largest  part  of  the  basal  portion 
formed  of  long  cells;  a  small  transverse  line  before  the  apex,  followed 
by  a  large  number  of  small  cells  formed  by  the  numerous  cross-veins. 
Abdomen  somewhat  flat  and  oblong.  Hind  tibiae  with  three  spines. 
Haplotype  of  the  genus:  Monopsis  tabida  Spinola 

Monopsis  tabida  SPIN. 
(1839  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  viii,  p.  34,  1  fig.) 

Somewhat  resembling  Pelitropis  rotulata  but  with  a 
much  shorter  and  more  quadrangular  head.  This  pale  green 
species  has  not  been  taken  since  it  was  described  from 
Cuban  material. 

THE  GENUS  NEUROTMETA  GUERIN.     (Tangia  Stal.) 

Briefly  characterized  as  follows:  Vertex  produced  more  or  less 
before  the  eyes,  carinated  on  the  sides  and  in  the  middle.  Frons 
tricarinate,  the  median  one  forked  behind;  clypeus  triangularly  elon- 
gate, indistinctly  keeled  in  the  middle.  Ocelli  present.  Pronotum 
produced  lobe-shaped  between  the  eyes,  hind  margin  obtuse-angularly 
emarginate,  tricarinate,  the  lateral  carinae  curved  outward,  divergent 
behind;  in  addition  the  lateral  margins  are  keeled.  Scutellum  three 
to  four  times  as  long  as  the  pronotum,  tricarinate.  Elytra  reaching 
beyond  the  abdomen,  on  the  apical  third  a  transverse  line  of  cross- 
veins;  costal  membrane  narrow,  without  cross-veins;  cross-veins 
numerous  and  irregularly  branched.  Hind  tibiae  with  three  spines. 

Haplotype  of  the  genus:     Neurotmeta  sponsa  Guer. 

Neurotmeta  spqnsa  GUERIN 
(1856  in  La  Sagra,  Hist,  de  Cuba,  Ins.,  p.  180,  Pseudophana) 

A  pale  green  insect  with  milky,  transparent  elytra. 

Vertex  broad,  produced  in  front  parabolic-shaped,  flat,  broader 
between  the  eyes  than  in  the  median  length,  angularly  cut  out  behind; 
a  small  flat  depression  on  each  side  in  the  posterior  corner.  Frons 
twice  as  long  as  broad,  strongly  carinated  in  the  middle  and  on  sides. 
Pronotum  half  as  long  as  the  vertex,  produced  lobe-shaped  in  front; 
obtusely  emarginate  behind.  Elytra  hyaline,  the  veins  rusty  or  pale 
yellow. 

The  insect  when  fresh  and  early  in  the  season  is  bright  green  with 
the  eyes  sometimes  reddish,  later  becoming  paler  and  even  bleached 
yellow. 

Length  to  tip  of  elytra  11-12  mm. 

85 


Uhler  states  that  it  inhabits  Cuba,  San  Domingo,  and 
Southern  Florida,  and  that  it  lives  upon  reedy  plants  near 
the  water. 

THE  SUBFAMILY  ISSINAE  (SPINOLA) 
(Spinola,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  viii,  p.  204,  1839,  Issites) 

This  subfamily  is  world  wide  in  distribution  and  con- 
tains a  very  large  number  of  genera,  eighteen  of  which  are 
recorded  from  North  America.  The  numerous  and  varied 
shapes  of  the  different  genera  makes  it  extremely  difficult 
to  characterize  the  subfamily  in  a  few  words.  In  general 
the  Issids  have  more  or  less  uneven  parchment-like  elytra, 
which  cover  the  abdomen,  but  at  times  these  are  narrowly 
lanceolate  or  cut  off  behind,  leaving  the  abdomen  free  and 
uncovered.  In  certain  genera  both  a  short-winged  and  a 
long-winged  form  occurs.  In  the  macropterous  form  the 
elytra  are  in  some  cases  translucent  or  transparent  and  ex- 
tend beyond  the  tip  of  the  abdomen.  The  vertex  is  either 
short,  transversely  quadrate  or  produced  into  a  conical  or 
cylindrical  process  that  in  some  genera  greatly  resembles 
a  snout.  Ocelli  and  wings  may  be  present  or  lacking.  The 
pronotum  is  produced  forwards  lobe-like  or  obtusely  angled 
between  the  eyes,  smooth  or  at  times  with  numerous  small 
pustules  on  the  sides.  The  legs  are  always  armed  with 
spines. 

A  superficial  key  is  here  given  to  the  genera  known  to 
occur  within  our  territory. 

Key  to  the  genera 

1.  Head  produced  snout-like,  enlarged  knob-like  at  the  end, 

Fitchiella  Fitch 

...     Head  more  or  less  produced  snout-like  downwards,  triangular, 

the  apex  more  or  less  acute  and  not  knob-like, 2. 

...     Head  short  and  not  produced  snout-like, 3. 

2.  Clypeal  suture  indistinct;  frons  placed  at  an  angle  of  about 

45  degrees...... Bruchomorpho  Newm. 

Clypeal  suture  very  distinct;  frons  placed  nearly  vertical, 
Aphelonema   Uhl. 

3.  Body  compactly  built,  the  elytra  more  or  less  strongly  arched, 
covering  the  abdomen  entirely;  head  with  the  eyes  nearly  as 
wide  as  the  thorax;  frons  subquadrate,  generally  flat,  tricari- 

nate,  the  outer  carinae  curved  somewhat  bow-shaped, 4. 

86 


4.  Body  short;  elytra  short,  parchment-like;  wings  lacking, 

Hysteropterum  Am.  &  Serv. 

...  Body  more  elongate;  elytra  longer,  narrowed  behind  and  round- 
ed off  at  the  apex;  wings  present, Thionia  Stal 

THE  GENUS  FITCHIELLA  FITCH 

The  genus  Naso  was  erected  by  Fitch  in  1857  but  as 
this  name  was  preoccupied  it  was  changed  by  Van  Duzee 
to  Fitchiella.  Members  of  this  genus  are  readily  distin- 
guished from  those  of  the  next  genus,  Bruchomorpho,  by 
means  of  the  snout-like  produced  and  bent  head  process 
which  is  knob-like  enlarged  at  the  end. 

There  are  three  species,  one  of  which,  robertsoni,  occurs 
in  the  South.  Fitchi  Melich.  is  known  from  Kansas  and 
Colorado,  and  is  distinguished  by  its  decidedly  larger  and 
more  robust  form  (length  5  mm.)  and  its  peach  or  dark 
brown  body  color.  Melichari  Ball  is  known  only  from  Ari- 
zona and  closely  resembles  robertsoni  in  size  and  form.  It 
is  smaller,  with  the  cephalic  process  less  inflated  at  the 
apex,  and  is  of  a  pitchy  black  color  without  markings  (length 
3.75mm.) 


Fig.  21 — Fitchiella  robertsoni  Fitch,  greatly  enlarged.    (Original). 

Fitchiella  robertsoni  FITCH 
(1856  Trans.  N.  Y.  St.  Agr.  Soc.,  xvi,  p.  396,  Naso) 

Recorded  from  N.  Y.,  Md.,  Fla.,  Ind.,  Kans.,  Ark.,  Okla., 
and  Texas.     (Central  America). 

87 


Brownish-yellow  in  color,  marked  with  black.  Head  produced  into 
a  short,  slightly  downwards  bent  process  of  a  snout-like  appearance; 
this  process  is  enlarged  at  the  tip  into  a  smooth,  polished  knob;  the 
upper  surface  of  the  process  with  three  longitudinal  carinae,  the 
middle  one  of  which  becomes  obliterated  before  the  tip,  the  lateral 
carinae  curve  outwards  and  are  furnished  at  the  outside  towards  the 
base  of  the  process  with  two  longitudinal  rows  of  dark  pustules;  in 
the  space  between  the  eyes  are  found  two  somewhat  oval  black  spots 
and  on  the  front,  somewhat  in  the  middle,  are  two  black  longitudinal 
flecks;  the  upper  surface  of  the  process  is  of  a  pale  yellow  color. 
Pronotum  semicircular,  with  a  median  carina  and  numerous  dark 
pustules.  Scutellum  with  three  parallel  longitudinal  carinae,  between 
which  are  two  dark  longitudinal  streaks,  and  furnished  with  dark 
pustules  on  the  sides  of  the  lateral  carinae.  Elytra  short,  reticulated, 
the  cells  filled  with  fuscous-brown,  so  that  the  yellowish  network 
appears  distinct.  Abdomen  somewhat  widened  in  the  middle,  grad- 
ually narrowed  to  the  tip;  there  is  a  fine  black  median  longitudinal 
line  whose  sides  are  furnished  with  impressed  longitudinal  points, 
which  take  in  almost  the  entire  length  of  each  segment,  so  that  the 
same  appears  as  being  longitudinally  streaked;  these  streaks  reach 
nearly  to  the  median  line;  the  underside  of  the  abdomen  is  yellowish. 
Legs  brownish-yellow,  tibiae  fuscous-brown,  slightly  widened  towards 
the  tip,  the  basal  furrow  of  the  tibiae  is  very  indistinct. 

Length  to  apex  of  abdomen,  male  2.50  mm.;  of  female,  4  mm. 

Redescribed  from  eight  adults  and  a  number  of  nymphs 
taken  by  the  writer  by  sweeping  coarse  grass  on  the  floor 
of  a  black-jack  oak  and  short-leaf  pine  forest  near  Hatties- 
burg,  Miss.,  Aug.  10,  1921,  and  a  pair  taken  by  C.  J.  Drake 
at  Gainesville,  Fla.,  July  28,  1918. 

THE  GENUS  BRUCHOMORPHO  NEWMAN 

The  genus  was  established  by  Newman  in  1838  and 
strictly  speaking  is  a  North  American  genus  although  Meli- 
char  describes  the  species,  globosa,  as  having  been  collected 
in  Mt.  Coffee,  Liberia  by  R.  P.  Currie.  Thirteen  species 
occur  in  the  United  States,  seven  of  which  are  known  from 
the  Southern  States. 

Briefly  characterized  as  follows:  Head  broad,  triangular,  and 
produced  downwards.  Vertex  extremely  narrow,  set  off  from  the 
frons  by  means  of  a  fine  bow-shaped  transverse  border.  Frons  is 
sharply  bent  forwards  at  an  angle  of  about  45  degrees,  so  that  because 
of  the  triangular  form  the  frontal  surface,  when  viewed  from  above, 
resembles  a  snout;  witji  three  longitudinal  carinae  the  outer  ones 
being  curved  outwards  and  converging  at  the  apex  of  frons;  a  median 
carina  extends  ridge-like  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  head  process. 

88 


Clypeus  small,  compact,  with  a  median  keel,  and  is  indistinctly  sep- 
arated from  the  frons.  Eyes  long  and  oval.  Pronotum  semicircular, 
with  a  median  carina  and  numerous  pustules.  Scutellum  is  broad, 
triangular,  with  three  parallel  longitudinal  carinae,  the  sides  pustu- 
lated to  the  lateral  carinae.  Elytra  short,  not  covering  the  abdomen, 
parallel  at  the  sides,  cut  off  straight  behind  with  the  terminal  corners 
rounded,  parchment-like,  thickly  reticulate-veined,  claval  suture  ab- 
sent, both  a  macropterous  and  brachypterous  form  exists  but  the 
long-winged  form  is  known  of  only  a  few  of  the  species;  in  the 
macropterous  form,  the  elytra  are  long,  membranous,  transparent, 
traversed  by  three  longitudinal  and  five  apical  veins;  the  clavus, 
which  contains  a  forked  vein,  is  separated  from  the  corium  by  a 
distinct  suture.  Wings  are  present  and  are  large  although  shorter 
than  the  elytra,  vitreous.  Abdomen  arched  and  narrowed  behind  into 
a  blunt  tip.  Legs  short,  the  hind  tibiae  with  a  spine  in  the  middle. 
Haplotype  of  the  genus:  Bruchomorpho  oculata  NEWM. 

These  insects  are  found  on  thin,  fine  grasses,  usually  in 
damp  or  moist  pastures  and  meadows.  They  are  very  dif- 
ficult to  take,  being  very  timid  and  quick  in  action,  leaping 
with  surprising  agility,  often  throwing  themselves  as  far 
as  eighteen  inches  at  a  single  bound.  The  brachypterous 
forms  are  the  ones  most  frequently  collected  as  they  are 
the  most  abundant  in  addition  to  having  only  rudimentary 
wings. 

Key  to  the  species  of  Bruchomorpho 

1.  Body  black  with  a  brassy  luster, 2. 

Body  and  legs  rusty  yellow,  with  a  black  spot  on  the  underside  of 

the  frons  close  to  the  apex;  length  3  mm., jocosa  Stal 

Body  and  legs  testaceous  yellow  to  pale  fulvous-yellow;  the  male 
with  a  broad  piceous  longitudinal  tho  somewhat  oblique  band  on 
the  outer  margin  of  each  elytra;  length  2-2.75  mm., 

bimaculata  Dozier 

Body  and  legs  dull  yellow,  a  broad  blackish  stripe  on  each  side  of 
body  from   apex  of  nasal  process  to  apex  of  abdomen  in  both 
sexes bicolor  Metcalf 

2.  Legs  bright  or  reddish  yellow,  rarely  rusty-brown, 3. 

Legs  black;  body  robust  and  broad,  the  vertex  moderately  pro- 
duced; length  3.50, ....tristis  Stal 

Legs   black,   the   posterior   tarsi    a   little   rusty,   vertex   narrow; 
length  1.90  mm., minima  Metcalf 

3.  With  a  broad  bright  yellow  longitudinal  stripe  on  the  middle  of 

the  body, 4. 

The  longitudinal  stripe  lacking,  at  most  only  the  central  carina 
rusty  yellow  or  rusty  brown  in  color 5. 

4.  The  longitudinal  stripe  reaching  from  the  apex  of  head  to  the 
tip  of  the  abdomen;  length  3  mm., dorsata  Fitch 

89 


This  stripe  reaching  only  onto  the  base  of  the  abdomen;  length 
2.50  mm., suturalis  Melich. 

5.  Vertex  acutely  angled  and  strongly  produced, 6. 

Vertex  bluntly  angled  and  weakly  produced, 7. 

6.  Head  process   (snout)   somewhat  narrowed  at  the  middle;  femora 

blackish  on  the  basal  half;  length  2.50-4  mm., oculata  Newm. 

Head  process  not  narrowed  at  the  middle;  legs  bright  yellowish; 
length  3  mm., nasuta  Stal 

7.  Body  not   strongly   arched,   black   with   a   yellowish   longitudinal 
stripe  along  the  middle  of  the  back  from  the  front  to  the  tip; 
carinae  of  the  frons  distinct;   legs  bright  yellow;   length  3mm., 

pallidipes  Stal 

Body  not  strongly  arched,  black  and  concolorous  except  the  coxae 
and  femora   which   are   partly   at  least   suffused   with   blackish; 
length  3  mm., mormo  Kirk. 

Bruchomorpho  oculata  NEWMAN 
(1838  Ent.  Mag.,  v,  p.  399) 

Widely  distributed  over  most  of  Canada  and  the  United 
States  and  is  our  most  common  species. 

Head  produced  in  a  somewhat  compressed  process,  which  when 
viewed  from  -above,  appears  acutely  angled;  the  median  keel  is  con- 
tinuous and  is  raised  up  edge-like;  the  under  surface  of  the  process 
is  strongly  and  concavely  grooved  in  profile,  which  enhances  the 
snout-like  appearance;  the  lateral  carinae  fine  and  distinct;  several 
pustules  at  the  base  of  the  head  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  inner 
margins  of  the  eyes.  Pronotum  furnished  with  small  pustules  outside 
of  the  lateral  carinae.  Elytra  short,  wrinkled  like  leather.  Abdomen 
short  and  arched. 

The  entire  body  is  black,  shining  with  a  metallic  luster,  a  more  or 
less  distinct,  narrow,  rusty-yellow  median  line  reaching  from  the 
tip  of  the  process  to  the  tip  of  the  scutellum,  frequently  distinct  only 
on  the  frons.  Clypeus  and  legs  rusty-yellow  or  brown,  the  femora  on 
the  outside  a  shining  metallic  black. 

The  macropterous  form  is  like  the  brachypterous  except  that  the 
hind  margin  of  the  pronotum  is  distinctly  and  angularly  notched  in 
the  middle;  the  elytra  reaching  beyond  the  abdomen  are  vitreous, 
with  peach-brown  nervures.  The  wings  somewhat  shorter,  tran- 
parent,  the  venation  brown. 

Length  of  body  2.50-4  mm. 

Redescribed  from  a  large  series  in  Prof.  Osborn's  col- 
lection from  Ohio  and  Iowa  and  a  series  taken  by  the  writer 
by  sweeping  grass  in  pine  lands  during  1921  at  the  following 
localities  in  Mississippi :  Port  Gibson,  July  22 ;  Baxterville, 
July  27;  Biloxi,  July  29;  Ellisville,  Aug.  11;  and  Meridian, 
Aug.  21. 

90 


Bruchomorpha  nasuta  STAL 
(1862  Berl.  Ent.  Zeit,  vi,  p.  310) 

Very  similar  to  the  preceding  species  in  the  form  of  the  frontal 
process,  although  in  oculata  this  process  appears  narrowed  in  the 
middle,  as  well  in  profile  as  from  above,  while  in  nasuta  the  sides  of 
the  head  process  are  weakly  curved  outwards.  Distinguished  espec- 
ially by  the  acutely-angled  produced  frons,  the  median  keel  or  carina 
beneath  strongly  pectinate-raised  and  deeply  bent  out,  by  means  of 
which  the  process  is  made  more  snout-like.  The  entire  body  is  black, 
shining  with  a  metallic  luster,  except  the  median  carina  of  the  frons 
which  is  rusty-brown.  Legs  bright  yellowish,  with  indistinct  dark 
longitudinal  streaks.  Otherwise  as  in  dorsata  Fitch. 

Length  of  body  3  mm.;  width  1.50  mm. 

This   species   is   known   only   from   Pennsylvania   and 
Wisconsin. 

Bruchomorpho  dorsata  FITCH 
(1856  Trans.  N.  Y.  St.  Agr.  Soc.,  xvi,  p.  396) 

Recorded  from  N.  Y.,  N.  J.,  N.  C.,  Ohio,  Wise.,  la.,  Kans., 
Mo.,  Ark.,  Okla.,  Colo.,  and  Texas.     (Mexico). 


Fig.  22 — Adult  brachypterous  Bruchomorpha  dorsata  Fitch,  greatly 
enlarged.  (Original). 

Brachypterous:  Frons  triangular,  moderately  but  not  snout-like 
produced.  The  pustulation  on  the  pronotum  not  reaching  as  far  as 
the  median  line.  The  entire  body  black,  shining  with  a  brassy  luster, 
a  broad  bright  yellow  longitudinal  stripe  running  from  the  apex  of 

91 


the  vertex  to  the  tip  of  abdomen;  this  stripe  is  narrow  at  the  apex  of 
the  frons,  gradually  broadening  behind  to  apex  of  the  scutellum  and 
continuing  almost  evenly  in  width,  slightly  narrowing  to  the  tip  of 
the  abdomen.  Elytra  are  wrinkled  and  leathery,  venation  not  visible. 
Legs,  including  coxae,  bright  yellow,  the  femora  and  tibiae  with  dark 
longitudinal  streaks,  the  tarsi  dark. 

Macropterous :  Elytra  reaching  beyond  the  abdomen,  membranous, 
transparent,  faintly  clouded  with  brown,  especially  on  the  base,  the 
venation  brown;  claval  suture  present,  a  forked  vein  on  the  same. 
Wings  shorter  than  the  elytra,  vitreous,  with  straight  little-branched 
longitudinal  veins.  Structure  otherwise  as  in  the  brachypterous 
form. 

Length  of  body  3  mm.;  width  1.50  mm. 

Two  males,  a  female,  and  several  last  instar  nymphs 
were  taken  by  the  writer  while  sweeping  coarse  grass  in  an 
open  low  spot  in  the  midst  of  a  black-jack  oak  woods  at 
Okolona,  Miss.,  June  28,  1921.  The  snout  seems  to  be  much 
more  produced  and  sharper  in  the  male  and  the  longitudinal 
stripe  is  shorter  also. 

Bruchomorpho  suturalis  MELICHAR 
(1906  Abh.  k.  k.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wiener,  p.  24) 

Recorded  from  N.  C.,  Fla.,  Colo,  and  Texas. 

In  Prof.  Osborn's  collection  there  is  a  pair,  collected  by 
Severin  at  Capa,  So.  Dak.,  Aug.  27,  1919.  As  Melichar 
states  in  describing  the  species  it  may  only  prove  to  be 
a  variety  of  dorsata. 

Like  dorsata  but  smaller  and  is  distinguished  in  that  the  yellow 
median  stripe  reaches  from  the  apex  of  the  vertex  only  onto  the  base 
of  the  abdomen;  the  abdomen  is  shining  black,  and  at  the  most  there 
are  two  small  bright  yellowish  longitudinal  streaks  upon  the  anterior 
part  of  the  elytra,  not  covering  the  hind  segments  as  a  continua- 
tion of  the  median  stripe.  The  pectinate-raised  carina  beneath  the 
vertex  is  outwards  weakly  put  down,  almost  straight.  The  femora  in 
the  male  are  reddish-yellow,  in  the  female  a  peach-brown;  the  tibiae 
at  their  tips  and  the  tarsi,  dark  brown.  The  other  characters  are  as 
in  dorsata. 

Length  of  male  2.50  mm.,  of  female  3  mm.;  width,  male  1.30  mm., 
of  female  3.50  mm. 

A  single  female  of  this  species  was  taken  while  sweeping 
grass  at  the  edge  of  a  gum  swamp  at  Fruitland  Park,  Miss., 
Aug.  17,  1920. 

92 


Bruchomorpho  jocosa  STAL 
(1862  Berl.  Ent.  Zeit.,  vi,  p.  310) 

Recorded  from  S.  C.,  Fla.,  Kans.  and  Texas. 

Form  and  structure  like  dorsata  Fitch.  The  entire  body  and  the 
legs  rusty-yellow,  on  the  underside  of  the  frons  darker,  a  more  or  less 
large  black  fleck  at  the  apex. 

Length  of  body  3  mm.;  width  1.50  mm. 

Taken  by  the  writer  rather  abundantly  while  sweeping 
coarse  grasses  in  open  pine  woods  during  1921  at  the  fol- 
lowing localities  in  Mississippi:  Golden,  June  5;  Kosciusko, 
July  14 ;  Lyman,  July  28 ;  Pascagoula,  Aug.  5 ;  Merrill,  Aug. 
9;  and  Meridian,  Aug.  15. 

Bruchomorpho  pallidipes  STAL 
(1862  Berl.  Ent.  Zeit,  vi,  p.  309) 

Recorded  from  Va.,  S.  C.,  Fla.,  Kans.  and  Colo. 

Form  and  structure  like  dorsata  Fitch.  Frons  bluntly-triangular,  not 
snout-like  produced,  more  vertically  placed,  but  still  obliquely  declined, 
rounded  at  apex,  the  carinae  distinct.  The  body  is  black,  shining, 
a  yellowish  longitudinal  vitta  reaching  from  the  apex  of  the  vertex 
to  the  tip  of  the  elytra.  At  times  the  whole  pronotum,  the  scutellum, 
and  the  terminal  margin  of  the  elytra  rusty-yellow  or  rusty-brown. 
Legs  rusty-yellow,  without  markings,  the  tarsi  also  rusty-yellow. 
Otherwise  like  dorsata. 

Length  of  body  3  mm.,  width  1.50  mm. 

A  series  of  six  males  and  two  females  were  taken  by 
the  writer  while  sweeping  grass  in  pine  woods  during  1921 
at  the  following  localities  in  Mississippi:  Belmont,  June 
7 ;  Okolona,  June  26 ;  Weir,  July  14 ;  Pickens,  July  16 ;  Bax- 
terville,  July  27 ;  Biloxi,  July  30 ;  Gulf  port,  Aug.  1 ;  Hatties- 
burg,  Aug.  10;  Laurel,  Aug.  12.  Two  macropterous  females 
were  taken  at  Biloxi,  Miss.,  July  30  and  Gulfport,  Miss., 
Aug.  1,  1921. 

Bruchomorpho  tristis  STAL 
(1862  Berl.  Ent.  Zeit,  vi,  p.  309) 

Recorded  from  Ont,  N.  Y.,  N.  J.,  D.  C.,  N.  C.,  Fla., 
Wise.,  Texas  and  Calif.  (Central  America). 

Distinguished  from  all  other  species  by  its  broad  robust  body.  The 
sides  of  the  frons  are  rounded  outwards,  the  surface  transversely 
wrinkled,  the  median  carina  below  the  frontal  apex  is  strongly  edge- 

93 


like  raised,  weakly  notched  in  the  middle.  Elytra  with  distinct  longi- 
tudinal veins,  which  are  united  with  each  other  by  means  of  irregularly 
branched  veins.  The  entire  body  and  legs  black,  shining  with  a  brassy 
luster. 

Length  of  body  (female)  3.50  mm.,  width  2  mm. 

Bruchomorpho  bimaculata,  new  species 

The  female  is  very  closely  allied  to  B.  jocosa  and  re- 
sembles Aphelonema  obscura  somewhat  in  general  appear- 
ance. The  male  is  testaceous-yellow  with  a  conspicuous 
black  longitudinal  although  somewhat  oblique  band  on  each 
elytron.  Resembles  most  closely  B.  bicolor  Metcalf. 

Vertex  very  short,  only  about  a  fourth  as  long  as  the  pronotum 
at  its  median  length,  hexagonal.  Frons  longer  than  broad,  somewhat 
hexagonal,  with  three  carinae,  the  outer  ones  bent  semicircularly,  the 
space  between  these  nearly  twice  as  long  as  its  middle  width;  two 
rows  of  pustules  outside  of  the  lateral  carinae;  the  clypeus  rounding 
back  under  the  head,  at  its  base  black,  very  prominently  and  strongly 
keeled  in  the  middle.  Antennae  rather  short,  basal  segment  extremely 
so.  Front  margin  of  the  pronotum  rounded  in  the  form  of  a  semi- 
circle, the  hind  margin  slightly  emarginate,  with  a  strong  median 
carina,  and  most  of  the  surface  coarsely  pustulated.  Scutellum  less  than 
twice  the  length  of  the  pronotum,  tricarinate,  the  lateral  carinae 
curved  inwards  towards  the  apex;  outside  of  these  covered  with  coarse 
pustules.  Elytra  short,  truncate,  somewhat  coriaceous  and  rather 
shiny,  the  nervures  distinct.  Abdominal  segments  on  dorsum  with 
a  single  row  of -small  obscure  pustules  on  each  side  of  each  segment 
and  with  no  definite  dorsal  median  keel. 

Color  of  the  male  is  a  testaceous-yellow,  the  base  of  the  clypeus 
and  a  broad  longitudinal  band  on  outer  margin  of  each  elytron,  pi- 
ceous;  the  eyes  and  tarsal  claws,  fuscous.  The  female  has  the  frons 
projected  slightly  more  in  front  than  in  the  male  and  the  color  ranges 
from  testaceous-yellow  to  fulvous-brown,  without  markings. 

Length  of  male,  2-2.50  mm.;  of  female,  2.50-2.75  mm. 

Described  from  a  large  series  of  thirteen  brachypterous 
males  taken  by  the  writer  while  sweeping  coarse  grasses  in 
cut-over  and  open  pine  land  and  on  the  floor  of  typical 
black-jack  oak  woods  during  1921  at  the  following  localities 
in  Mississippi:  Baxterville,  July  27;  Poplarville,  July  28; 
Biloxi,  July  29;  Gulf  port,  Aug.  1;  Hattiesburg,  Aug.  10; 
Ellisville,  Aug.  11;  Meridian,  Aug.  15;  and  Crawford,  Aug. 
17.  A  series  of  twelve  females  was  taken  in  association 
with  the  males  at  most  of  the  above  localities.  Holotype 
male  from  Ellisville,  Miss.,  Aug.  11,  1921,  and  allotype  fe- 

94 


male  from  same  locality  are  deposited  in  the  U.  S.  National 
Museum. 

The-  male  on  account  of  its  distinctive  difference  in 
coloration  might  easily  be  mistaken  for  another  and  dis- 
tinct species  but  the  writer  believes  that  he  has  the  two 
sexes  correctly  associated. 

Bruchomorpho  minima  METCALF 
(1923  Jr.  of  the  Elisha  Mitchell  Soc.,  p.  187) 

Apparently  the  smallest  known  species  of  the  genus  and 
only  taken  so  far  in  North  Carolina.  Metcalf  states  that  it 
is  very  close  to  tristis  Stal  but  seems  to  be  distinct. 

The  original  description  is  quoted  here. 

"This  species  may  be  recognized  by  the  uniform  black 
color,  small  size  and  narrow  frons. 

Vertex  narrow,  the  anterior  border  broadly  sinuate,  median  carina 
of  the  frons  strongly  elevated,  the  intermediate  carina  strongly  arched 
basally,  gradually  converging  anteriorly;  nasal  process  not  produced, 
broadly  rounded  anteriorly;  anterior  border  of  the  pronotum  broadly 
rounded,  the  posterior  border  narrowly  and  shallowly  sinuate.  Meso- 
notum  but  little  longer  than  pronotum,  none  of  the  carinae  strongly 
elevated;  wings  coarsely  rugose. 

Color:  General  color  almost  uniform  shining  black;  the  posterior 
tarsi  a  little  rusty. 

Length,  apex  of  head  to  apex  of  abdomen  1.90  mm." 

Bruchomorpho  bicolor  METCALF 
(1923  Jr.  Elisha  Mitchell  Soc.,  p.  186) 

Known  only  from  Texas.  The  original  description  is 
quoted  here.  "This  species  may  be  recognized  by  its  shortly 
produced  nasal  process,  elongate  frons,  general  pale  yellow 
color  with  two  broad  black  stripes  extending  from  the  apex 
of  the  nasal  process  across  the  eyes  to  the  apex  of  the  ab- 
domen. 

Vertex  short,  the  anterior  margin  broad,  nearly  straight;  frons 
elongate,  the  intermediate  carina  broadly  arched  basally  then  con- 
verging straight  to  the  apex  of  the  frons;  nasal  process  elongate, 
bluntly  triangular,  the  ventral  margin  not  sinuate.  Pronotum  broadly 
rounding  anteriorly,  broadly  sinuate  posteriorly,  about  half  as  long 
as  the  mesonotum;  disk  of  the  mesonotum  broad,  the  lateral  carinae 
evident,  the  intermediate  carina  faint;  male  genital  styles  broad  at 
the  base,  gradually  narrowed  apically,  the  apex  produced,  short  tri- 
angular teeth  directed  anteriorly. 

95 


Color:  General  color  pale  dull  yellow,  a  broad  blackish  fuscous 
stripe  on  each  side  of  the  body  extending  from  the  apex  of  the  nasal 
process  across  the  compound  eyes,  the  disk  of  the  wings  and  then  con- 
verging to  the  apex  of  the  abdomen;  meta-pleura  black,  a  narrow 
black  stripe  on  the  lateral  ventral  margins  of  the  abdomen,  spines  and 
claws  of  the  legs  black;  genitalia  black. 

Length  of  male,  2  mm.;  of  the  female  3  mm." 

Bruchomorpho  mormo  KIRKALDY 
(1907  Bui.  Haw.  S.  P.  A.  Expt.  Station,  iv,  p.  64) 

Described  by  Kirkaldy  from  specimens  collected  by 
Koebele  at  Nogales,  Arizona. 

The  original  description  is  quoted  here. 

"Black,  partly  with  a  brassy  gleam.  Legs  yellowish,  coxae  and 
femora  partly  at  least  suffused  with  blackish.  Vertex  sublinear. 
Frons  not  very  long,  not  extending  outwards  farther  than  the  abdo- 
men, in  profile.  Head  nearly  one-half  higher  than  its  width  at  the 
base  between  the  eyes;  sublateral  keels  of  frons  enclosing  an  oval, 
curved  but  not  sinuate  laterally.  Puncturation  much  as  in  B.  oculata 
Newm.  (probably  generic).  Tegmina  formed  much  as  in  the  latter 
species,  or  a  trifle  shorter,  truncate  apically,  venation  almost  obsolete. 

Length   (female)  3  mm. 

The  coloring  agrees  with  the  laconic  description  of  B. 
nasuta  STAL  but  the  frons  is  apparently  much  shorter". 

THE  GENUS  APHELONEMA  UHLER 

There  are  at  present  six  members  of  the  genus  known 
from  North  America,  three  of  these  definitely  from  the 
Southern  States.  A.  histrionica,  rugosa  and  bivittata  are 
northern  and  western  in  distribution  and  probably  do  not 
occur  within  our  territory.  Dr.  E.  D.  Ball  has  recently 
placed  obscura  Van  Duzee,  decorata  Van  Duzee  and  dorsata 
Ball  as  varieties  under  simplex  of  Uhler  and  notes  that 
they  all  occur  in  damp,  grassy  meadows  or  along  the  edges 
of  swamps. 

Briefly  characterized  as  follows:  Resembling  the  preceding  genus 
but  lacking  the  snout-like  frontal  process,  the  frons  is  nearly  vertical 
and  there  is  a  distinct  clypeal  suture.  Vertex  trapezoidal.  Frons 
broad,  nearly  hexagonal,  the  corners  rounded,  longer  than  median 
width,  weakly  arched  in  the  middle,  a  median  carina  and  two  semi- 
circularly  bent  lateral  carinae;  sides  of  the  frons  rounded,  bowed  to 
the  narrow  clypeus.  Clypeus  short,  with  a  distinct  median  keel. 
Antennae  short.  Pronotum  short,  broader  than  long,  anterior  margin 

96 


arched,  with  a  median  carina,  pustulated  on  sides.  Scutellum  large, 
tricarinate,  pustulated  outside  of  the  outer  carinae.  Elytra  usually 
half  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  leathery,  truncate  behind  with  the  cor- 
ners rounded;  clavus  merging  with  the  corium,  the  nervures  indis- 
tinct, the  outer  sector  forked.  Wings  lacking.  Abdomen  broad, 
dorsum  with  one  or  two  rows  of  more  or  less  distinct  pustules  on  sides 
of  each  segment.  Hind  femora  with  two  small  spines. 
Haplotype  of  the  genus:  Aphelonema  simplex  Uhl. 

The  following  key  is  taken  from  Ball. 
Key  to  the  North  American  species  of  Aphelonema 

I.  Vertex  short  transverse,  parallel  margined.    Front  almost  round, 
slightly  inflated  and  inclined   so   as  to  be   slightly  visible  from 
above  1.  simplex  Uhl. 

II.  Vertex  almost  as  long  as  the  pronotum.    Front  oval  or  elongate, 
vertical  or  retreating  slightly. 

A.  Front  oval  flat,  median  carina  strong. 

B.  Brachypterous  elytra  with  few  simple  veins 

2.  histrionica  Stal. 

BB.     Brachypterous  elytra  with  a  closely  anastomosing  net  work 

of  veins.     Angle  of  clypeus  with  a  slight  acute  protuberance. 

3.  ruffosa  Ball 

AA.  Front  elongate,  lateral  carinae  only  slightly  curved,  median 
carina  fading  out  above 4.  bivittata  Ball 

III.  Vertex  long,  five  angular.   Front  inflated,  retreating,  broader  than 
long,  the  pustular  area  much  enlarged  above. 

C.  Vertex  longer  than  the  pronotum,  definitely  angular.    Front 
strongly  retreating  5.     nigriviridia  Ball 

CC.  Vertex  about  equalling  the  pronotum,  weakly  angled.  Front 
convex  above,  retreating  below 6.  viridis  Dozier 

Aphelonema  simplex  var.  simplex  UHLER 
(1875  Bui.  U.  S.  Geol.  &  Geog.  Surv.,  i,  p.  356) 

A  widely  distributed  species,  recorded  from  N.  J.,  Conn., 
Va.,  Md.,  la.,  S.  Dak.  and  Kansas. 

It  is  easily  distinguished  by  its  short  and  rather  quad- 
rate body. 

Vertex  very  short,  four  to  five  times  as  wide  as  long,  trapezoidal, 
with  the  front  corners  rounded.  Frons  as  wide  as  long,  hexagonal,  tri- 
carinate, the  lateral  carinae  weakly  bent  and  reaching  to  the  tip  of  the 
median  carina;  outside  of  the  lateral  carinae  there  is  a  row  of  pustules 
which  are  very  small  and  indistinct  in  the  male  but  very  large  and 
deep  in  the  female;  near  the  inner  margin  of  the  eye  is  another  but 
much  shorter  row  of  pustules.  Clypeus  weakly  keeled  in  the  middle. 
Antennae  short,  brownish.  Pronotum  about  twice  as  long  as  the  vertex, 

97 


with  median  carina,  each  side  pustulated.  Scutellum  tricarinate,  with 
numerous  pustules  outside  of  the  lateral  carinae.  Elytra  short,  trun- 
cate behind,  the  outer  corners  well-rounded,  nervures  slightly  raised 
but  on  account  of  their  pale  color  rather  indistinct.  Dorsum  of  ab- 
domen with  a  median  ridge,  a  partially  double  row  of  pustules  on 
sides  of  each  segment,  which  are  weaker  in  the  male. 

In  the  female  the  elytra  and  entire  body  is  a  dull  sordid  testaceous, 
in  the  male  a  rosy  or  orange-yellow  color.  Legs  pale  testaceous.  The 
single  macropterous  female  on  hand  is  marked  with  fuscous  in  places 
and  the  elytra  are  long,  pale  translucent,  the  nervures  pale  but  distinct. 

The  male  plates  or  genital  styles  are  rather  long  and  thick,  and 
are  narrowed  to  an  incurved  pointed  apex. 

Length  of  male,  2.50  mm.,  of  female  3.50-4  mm. 

Redescribed  from  a  brachypterous  series  of  two  males 
from  Cat  Island,  seven  miles  off  the  Mississippi  coast,  Sept. 
7,  1920,  and  six  females  and  five  males  from  Pascagoula, 
Miss.,  Aug.  6,  1921,  all  taken  by  the  writer  sweeping  marsh 
grass,  Spartina  patens.  At  the  latter  place  a  number  of 
last  instar  nymphs  were  taken.  The  writer  has  also  ex- 
amined Prof.  Osborn's  series  of  ten  brachypterous  females 
and  three  males  also,  and  a  macropterous  female,  collected 
at  Ames,  la.,  and  a  female  taken  by  H.  S.  Severin  at  Capa, 
So.  Dak,.  Aug.  27,  1919. 

Metcalf  has  evidently  redescribed  the  male  of  this  species 
under  the  name  of  Aphelonema  rosa  Metcalf,  being  misled 
by  the  remarkable  difference  in  coloration  between  the 
sexes  in  this  species.  His  name  rosa  must  therefore  fall 
as  a  synonym  of  simplex  UHLER  as  pointed  out  by  Dr.  Ball. 

Aphelonema  simplex  var.  obscura  Van  Duzee 
(1912  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  x,  p.  499) 

Recorded  from  Ga.,  Fla.,  Kans.  and  Iowa. 

Originally  described  from  Georgia  material  as  a  distinct 
species  but  recently  Ball  has  placed  it  as  only  a  variety  of 
simplex. 

"Allied  to  simplex  but  smaller  and  darker  in  color.  Vertex  trans- 
verse very  short,  but  little  broader  than  the  bounding  carinae.  Frons 
ovate  oblong,  distinctly  narrower  than  in  simplex;  median  carinae 
feeble;  clypeus  but  moderately  incurved,  feebly  carinate.  Pronotum 
regularly  rounded  before  without  the  slight  angle  observable  in 
simplex,  evenly  but  obscurely  pustulate,  median  carina  obtuse;  hind 
margin  but  feebly  arcuated;  mesonotum  with  the  smooth  median  area 

98 


narrower  than  in  the  allied  species,  the  three  carinae  distinct  but 
not  sharp.  Elytra  in  the  brachypterous  form  truncated,  reaching  to 
about  the  middle  of  the  tergum,  the  nervures  reticulated  but  not 
conspicuous.  Length  2%  mm. 

Color  luteous  brown  becoming  darker  fuscous-brown  beneath  and 
on  the  pustulated  portion  of  the  face,  pro-  and  mesonotum,  and  black 
on  the  clypeus,  sides  of  the  face  and  venter;  elytra,  middle  compart- 
ment of  the  mesonotum  and  front  distinctly  paler,  with  a  dusky  cloud 
on  either  side  of  the  latter;  apical  one-half  of  the  last  ventral  seg- 
ment and  slender  margins  of  the  basal  segments  paler.  Tergum  with 
a  double  row  of  incomplete  blackish  ocellated  marks  on  either  side. 
Legs  pale,  the  femora  obscurely  lineated  with  fuscous,  the  tarsal  claws 
black. 

Described  from  two  female  examples  at  Tifton,  Ga.,  Sept. 
8,  1910,  by  Mr.  J.  C.  Bradley.  The  macropterous  form  and 
male  are  unknown  to  me.  This  inconspicuous  little  species 
might  be  considered  as  a  small  dark  variety  of  simplex 
were  it  not  for  the  narrower  and  distinctly  oval  front." 

Aphelonema  simplex  var.  dorsata  Ball 
(1926  Canadian  Entomologist,  Iviii,  p.  242) 

In  this  variety  the  straw-color  of  the  head  and  pronotum 
is  continued  as  a  broad  dorsal  stripe  to  the  apex  of  the  ab- 
domen, this  stripe  often  being  mottled  with  milky  white. 
From  the  eye  back  to  the  apex  of  the  abdomen  on  either  side 
runs  a  shining  black  stripe.  Legs  and  below  pale  reddish, 
the  vertex  often  dark. 

Described  by  Dr.  Ball  from  three  females  taken  at  San- 
ford,  Fla.,  from  Feb.  17  to  June  4,  1926,  with  the  statement 
that  "this  variety  is  intermediate  in  character  between 
simplex  and  dorsata  and  was  taken  with  examples  of  the 
latter". 

Aphelonema  simplex  var.  decorata  Van  Duzee 
(1908  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  lix,  p.  492,  Peltonotellus) 

Recorded  only  from  Florida. 

Resembling  simplex  but  with  the  elytra  and  abdomen 
mostly  piceous  black. 

"Characters  of  the  front,  vertex,  pro-  and  mesonotum  almost 
exactly  as  in  simplex;  the  anterior  edge  of  the  pronotum  is,  however, 
more  regularly  rounded  instead  of  forming  an  indistinct  angle  at  the 
inner  corner  of  the  eyes;  the  mesonotum  is  shorter  with  its  lateral 
posterior  margins  much  less  oblique  and  the  pectoral  flap  of  the  pro- 


notum  is  narrower  and  more  transverse.  Immediately  below  this  flap 
projects  the  inferior  end  of  one  of  the  pleural  pieces;  in  decoratus  its 
sides  are  almost  at  right  angles  with  the  emarginated  apex  which 
fits  around  the  base  of  the  intermediate  coxae;  in  simplex  the  hind 
edge  of  this  piece  is  oblique  and  the  apex  is  scarcely  sinuated;  the 
next  adjoining  piece  is  almost  square  in  this  new  species  but  sub- 
triangular  in  simplex. 

Color  fuscous  deepened  almost  to  ferruginous  in  the  male  in  which 
sex  the  elytra  and  abdomen  are  deep  piceous  black,  almost  blue-black 
on  the  elytra,  with  the  base  of  the  abdomen  and  the  apex  of  the  genital 
segments  touched  with  fulvous.  Legs  fulvous  with  the  tarsal  claws 
and  the  line  of  fine  bristles  on  the  edges  of  the  tibiae  blackish;  the 
pustulate  border  of  the  front  is  slightly  infuscated.  In  the  female 
the  general  color  is  more  flavous  and  this  pale  color  is  much  more 
extended  over  the  abdomen  and  inner  field  of  the  elytra. 

In  the  characters  of  the  male  genitalia  this  species  is  quite  dis- 
tinct. The  ventral  aspect  of  the  genital  segment  is  much  shorter  with 
the  valve  small  and  triangular,  not  short  and  transverse  as  in  simplex; 
the  plates  (stiles  of  some  authors)  are  much  shorter  and  more  round- 
ed and  do  not  nearly  attain  the  anal  tube.  In  simplex  the  plates  are 
longer  and  thicker,  are  narrowed  to  an  incurved  pointed  apex  like  the 
strong  stout  claws  of  some  birds,  and  in  my  specimens  project  almost 
at  right  angles  to  the  apex  of  the  segment,  and  would  about  reach  the 
anal  tube  if  depressed.  Length  3  mm. 

Described  from  one  male  and  three  female  examples  tak- 
en at  Charlotte  Harbor,  Fla.,  by  Mrs.  Slossom.  At  first  sight 
this  looks  like  a  mere  color  variety  of  simplex,  but  the  dif- 
ferent form  of  the  pro-  and  mesonotum,  pleural  pieces  and 
male  genitalia  as  well  as  its  very  distinct  coloring  will  read- 
ily separate  it.  This  species  and  simplex  differ  from  our 
three  other  known  species,  histrionicus  STAL,  rugosa  BALL, 
and  bivittatics  BALL,  in  having  a  pale  clypeus." 

The  writer  has  a  pair  of  this  species  collected  by  George 
G.  Ainslie  sweeping  along  the  lake  shore  at  Lakeland, 
Florida,  Feb.  13,  1918. 

Dr.  Ball  has  found  this  to  be  the  most  common  form  in 
Florida  with  gradations  in  color  varying  f ram  the  dorsata 
stripe  to  the  dull  color  of  obscura  and  straw  and  orange  of 
simplex. 

Aphelonema  nigriviridia  BALL 
(1926  Canadian  Entomologist,  Iviii,  p.  244) 

The  original  description  is  here  quoted. 
"A  small  elongate  greenish  or  straw  colored  species  with  black 

100 


stripes  somewhat  resembling  bivittata  but  with  a  much  longer  vertex 
and  broader  face.  Length,  female  2.5  mm.;  male  2  mm. 

Vertex  definitely  longer  than  pronotum,  obtusely  angulate  at 
apex  and  again  before  the  eyes,  where  it  is  narrower  than  the  margin 
of  the  face.  Face  extending  out  to  the  line  of  the  eyes  giving  the 
appearance  of  a  parallel  margined  vertex  but  really  exposing  a  tri- 
angular pustulate  compartment.  Face  sloping  at  an  angle  of  nearly 
45  degrees,  broader  than  long,  conically  inflated  with  a  sharp  median 
carina  and  wing-like  lateral  ones.  Clypeus  broad,  tumid,  but  little  more 
retreating  than  the  face.  Brachypterous  elytra  shp^-  ;Vffth  but  ftiw; 
simple  veins.  Color:  female  white,  fading  to  „ straw,  with  a  slightly' 
iridescent  greenish  cast.  A  narrow  median  black, -line  fr4m  th»*  base 
of  the  vertex  to  an  expanded  spot  on  the  apex  of '  abdomen.  Eyed 
dark,  a  narrow  black  line  running  back  parallel  with  a  similar  line 
on  the  costa.  Circular  carinae  on  each  segment  of  abdomen  narrowly 
black  from  the  margin  to  a  pair  of  irregular  stripes  arising  just  in- 
side the  lines  on  the  elytra.  Below  greenish;  a  smoky  arc  slightly 
below  the  vertex  margin. 

Male:  like  the  female  except  that  there  is  a  broad  shining  black 
band  extending  from  the  upper  part  of  front  across  the  eyes  and  in- 
cluding the  outer  third  of  the  elytra  and  abdomen.  Clypeus  and  legs 
except  the  joints  dark.  Sometimes  there  are  traces  of  a  pair  of  con- 
verging stripes  arising  on  the  lateral  carinae  of  the  scutellum  and 
following  the  inner  fork  of  the  claval  nervures. 

Holotype  female,  allotype  male  and  four  pairs  of  paratypes  col- 
lected by  the  writer  at  Sanford,  Fla.  This  is  a  strikingly  distinct  little 
species  which  has  been  found  only  on  the  wetter  portions  of  the  "flat 
woods'"  and  along  the  margins  of  swamps."  Dr.  Ball  has  presented 
the  writer  with  a  pair  of  this  distinct  species. 

Aphelonema  viridis,  new  species 

Resembling  most  closely  nigriviridia  Ball  but  slightly 
smaller  with  a  shorter  vertex,  and  more  rounding  frons. 
The  pale  green  color  of  the  female  and  rosy  orange  abdo- 
men of  the  male  will  easily  distinguish  it. 

Vertex  about  three  times  as  wide  as  its  median  length,  somewhat 
hexagonal,  the  front  corners  slightly  rounded.  Frons  rather  short, 
sides  rounded,  with  three  carinae,  the  outer  bent  almost  in  the  form 
of  a  semicircle;  outside  of  these  there  are  two  rows  of  pustules.  An- 
tennae very  short,  the  seta  also  short.  Pronotum  slightly  shorter 
than  the  vertex,  with  a  median  carina,  and  coarsely  pustulated  on 
the  sides.  Scutellum  tricarinate,  with  coarse  pustules  outside  of  the 
lateral  carinae.  Elytra  short,  truncate,  the  nervures  rather  indistinct. 
Abdomen  with  median  keel  on  dorsum,  a  single  row  of  pustules  on 
sides  of  each  segment. 

Female  very  pale  green  in  color,  except  the  dark  green  eyes  and 
two  small  black  spots  on  the  last  two  abdominal  segments  along  the 

101 


v.wsfes  "A 


Fig.  23 — Adult  female  Aphelonema  viridis,  new  species, 
face  and  female  genital  segment   (original). 

median  keel;  the  two  preceding  segments  have  the  median  keel  par- 
tially black;  the  elytra  and  frons  are  paler  in  places  and  the  legs  are 
pale  testaceous.  The  male  differs  in  having  the  abdomen  a  distinctive 
rosy-orange  color. 

Male  genital  plates  or  styles  short  and  narrow,  somewhat  tri- 
angular, stout  at  the  base  and  the  acuminate  tip  slightly  incurved,  and 
not  quite  reaching  the  anal  tube. 

Length  of  body,  female  2.25-2.50  mm.;  of  the  male  1.80  mm. 

Described  from  a  female  taken  by  the  writer  sweeping 
grass  on  floor  of  pine  woods  at  Hattiesburg,  Miss.,  Aug.  10, 
1921,  and  a  series  of  two  females  from  Ocean  Springs,  Miss., 
Feb.  22,  six  females  and  five  males  from  Hurley,  Miss.,  Feb. 
24,  and  a  pair  from  Wade,  Miss.,  Feb.  24,  1922,  all  brachyp- 
terous  and  taken  by  Prof.  Herbert  Osborn  sweeping  grass 
in  low  pine  land. 

THE  GENUS  HYSTEROPTERUM  AMYOT  &  SERVILLE 

Members  of  this  genus  are  of  world-wide  distribution, 
occurring  in  Europe,  Africa,  Indo-Malaysia  and  America. 
Four  species  are  known  from  the  United  States,  only  one 
of  which  is  recorded  from  our  territory;  another,  H.  auro- 
reum  is  known  only  from  Texas. 

102 


Briefly  characterized  as  follows:  Head  with  the  eyes  as  wide  as 
the  thorax.  Vertex  subquadrate,  straight  in  front  or  very  bluntly 
curved,  at  times  with  shallow  depressions.  Frons  vertically  placed, 
nearly  quadrate,  longer  than  broad  or  as  wide  as  long,  tricarinate,  the 
lateral  carinae  at  times  very  indistinct,  curved.  Pronotum  with  a 
median  carina  and  two  impressed  spots,  furnished  with  more  or  less 
distinct  granules.  Scutellum  tricarinate.  Elytra  more  or  less  strong- 
ly arched,  parchment-like,  uneven  on  account  of  the  more  or  less 
thickly  branched  veins;  the  inner  ulnar  vein  simple.  Wings  lacking. 
Hind  tibiae  with  two  spines. 

Logotype  of  the  genus:     Hysteropterum  immaculatum  (H.  S.) 

Hysteropterum  punctiferum  WALKER 
(1851  List  Homop.,  ii,  p.  376) 

Recorded  from  Fla.,  Colo,  and  Texas. 

Body  short,  broad,  tawny  or  yellowish-brown  spotted  with  brown. 
Vertex  more  than  twice  as  wide  as  long,  depressed  on  the  disc,  an- 
terior and  posterior  margins  nearly  straight,  subquadrate,  two  small 
black  flecks  at  the  center  of  the  anterior  margin  and  two  semicircular 
flecks  posteriorly.  Frons  large,  vertical,  as  long  as  wide,  somewhat 
quadrate  and  almost  flat,  tricarinate,  the  median  carina  more  promi- 
nent than  the  lateral  ones  which  are  rounded  inwards  to  clypeus;  the 
genae  separated  from  the  central  disc  by  two  curved  ridges;  the 
clypeus  carinated  in  the  middle,  always  transversely  marked  with 
brown.  Antennae  black.  Pronotum  about  as  long  as  the  vertex, 
slightly  impressed  on  the  disc  and  furnished  with  flat  fuscous  gran- 
ules. Scutellum  with  a  median  groove,  to  each  side  of  this  is  a  dark 
spot.  Elytra  broad,  convex  above,  a  little  longer  than  broad;  vena- 
tion distinct,  narrowly  bordered  with  fuscous,  the  veins  united  with 
each  other  by  a  number  of  cross-veins,  forming  large  subquadrate 
cells  which  are  thickly  filled  with  small  brown  dots;  usually  adorned 
near  the  base  with  fuscous  areas,  although  these  may  be  almost  en- 
tirely lacking.  Wings  lacking.  Abdomen  brownish-yellow,  |with 
blackish  areas  on  the  disc  and  small  black  dots  on  the  sides.  Legs 
brown,  marked  with  fuscous,  especially  the  femora,  with  broad  black 
rings  before  the  tip,  slightly  grooved;  the  hind  tibiae  with  two  spines. 

Length  to  tip  of  elytra  4-5.50  mm.;  width  2.50-3  mm. 

Van  Duzee  writes  of  the  species  the  following,  "Swept 
from  the  sparse  vegetation  of  the  interminable  pine  bar- 
rens everywhere  I  collected  in  Florida.  At  Crescent  City 
they  were  rare  and  here  and  at  Sanf  ord  where  they  occurred 
in  numbers  they  were  mostly  of  the  unicolorous  form  de- 
scribed both  by  Walker  and  Uhler.  Farther  south  they 
became  abundant  and  were  marked  with  brown  and  fus- 
cous. In  fully  colored  examples  from  Estero  these  markings 
remind  one  much  of  those  seen  in  the  genus  Gelastocoris." 

103 


THE  GENUS  THIONIA  STAL 

This  genus  is  especially  well  represented  in  Central  and 
South  America.  Of  the  seven  species  ocurring  in  the  United 
States,  only  four,  bullata,  simplex,  elliptica,  and  quinquata 
are  known  from  the  Southern  States. 

Briefly  characterized  as  follows:  Body  usually  long,  at  times 
short,  strongly  built.  Head  with  the  eyes  as  wide  as  the  thorax. 
Vertex  not  produced  beyond  the  eyes,  the  lateral  edges  not  sharp, 
the  anterior  margin  nearly  straight.  Frons  vertical,  as  wide  as  long 
or  longer  than  broad,  somewhat  narrowed  between  the  eyes,  tricari- 
nate,  the  lateral  carinae  curved,  united  above  with  the  median  carina; 
clypeus  convex.  Antennae  short.  Ocelli  present.  Elytra  long  or 
short,  extended  reaching  beyond  the  apex  of  abdomen,  narrowed  and 
rounded  behind;  the  longitudinal  veins  run  rather  straight,  curved 
more  or  less  strongly  in  the  apical  region  with  the  convexity  in- 
wards; the  radial  nerve  consists  of  two  long  simple  veins;  the  inner 
ulnar  always  simple,  the  outer  is  forked  before  the  middle;  cross- 
veins  are  not  numerous,  mostly  simple  and  very  little  branched;  a 
forked  vein  in  the  clavus.  Wings  present.  Hind  tibiae  with  two  spines. 

Logotype  of  the  genus:     Thionia  longipennis  (Spin.) 

Key  to  the  species  of  Thionia 

1.  General  color  pale  green;  frons  with  a  single  median  keel, 
simplex    Germ. 

...     General  color  dark  brown,  spotted, 2. 

2.  Frons  about  a  third  longer  than  wide,  with  a  single  median  keel, 

7.50  mm. elliptica  Germ. 

Frons  quadrate,  tricarinate,  the  outer  carinae  curved  somewhat 
bow-shaped,  6.50-7  mm., bullata  Say 

...     Frons  tricarinate,  narrow,  the  lateral  margins  a  little  arched, 
quinquata   Metcalf 

Thionia  bullata  SAY 

(1830  Jr.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  vi,  p.  240;  Compl.  ii,  p.  375, 

Plata) 

Recorded  from  Ont,  N.  Y.,  N.  J.,  Pa.,  D.  C.,  Ga.,  Fla. 
and  Ohio. 

Somewhat  elongate  oval,  yellowish-brown,  spotted  with  pitch  brown. 
Vertex  as  long  as  wide,  nearly  straight  in  front,  flat,  with  two  shallow 
depressions  posteriorly;  a  median  groove-like  depression.  Frons  longer 
than  broad,  widened  below,  being  distinctly  broader  towards  the  apex 
than  between  the  eyes;  the  anterior  margin  fuscous.  Frontal  sur- 
face weakly  curved,  the  distinct  median  and  lateral  carinae  of  which 
extend  onto  the  long,  triangular  clypeus;  the  lateral  carinae  some- 
what curved  inwards  towards  the  apex;  the  genae  separated  from  the 

104 


central  disc  by  distinct  curved  carinae  which  unite  at  the  vertex.  The 
frons,  genae,  antennae,  and  clypeus  yellowish-brown  without  mark- 
ings. Pronotum  about  as  long  as  the  vertex,  obtusely-angled  in  front, 
with  two  impressed  spots  on  the  disc.  Scutellum  as  long  as  the  pro- 
notum,  indistinctly  carinate,  with  two  dark  spots  between  the  carinae. 
Elytra  twice  as  long  as  broad,  rounded  behind,  the  longitudinal  veins 
distinct,  curved  outwards  posteriorly,  with  the  outer  ulnar  vein  forked 
near  its  base,  the  numerous  cross-veins  mostly  simple;  the  surface  of 
the  elytra  is  spotted  with  pitch  brown  to  black  making  the  veins  that 
are  light-colored  stand  out  more  prominent.  Wings  smoky  brown. 
Beneath  brownish-yellow,  at  times  greenish,  abdominal  segments 
marked  with  fuscous  on  the  disc  and  small  black  dots  on  the  sides, 
the  apex  fuscous.  Legs  very  thickly  and  finely  dotted,  with  a  small 
black  point  on  the  tip  of  the  femora;  the  ridges  of  the  tibiae,  the 
tips  of  the  spines,  and  the  claws,  dark  fuscous. 

Length  to  tip  of  elytra  6.50-7  mm.;  width  3-3.25  mm. 


Fig.  24 — Adult  Thionia  bullata  (Say),  enlarged  (original). 

Redescribed  from  a  series  of  both  sexes  taken  by  the 
writer  in  Mississippi  at  Longview,  June  27,  1920,  Port  Gib- 
son, July  22,  1921,  and  Tupelo,  July  1,  1921;  a  female  taken 
by  sweeping  grass  and  low  shrubbery  in  pine  flatwoods  at 
Pascagoula,  Miss.,  July  6,  1920. 

Oak  is  without  question  the  principal  host  as  adults  and 
nymphs  of  all  stages  were  abundant  on  this  tree  in  many 
localities.  Hickory  is  a  possible  host  as  the  writer  took  a 
specimen  on  this  tree  at  Columbia,  South  Carolina,  Aug.  11, 
1917. 

Thionia  simplex  GERMAR 
(1830  Thon's  Ent.  Arch.,  ii,  p.  51,  Issus) 

Recorded  from  N.  J.,  Md.,  D.  C.,  N.  C.,  Fla.,  Ohio,  Ky., 
Mo.  and  Texas. 

105 


Pale  brownish-yellow  without  markings.  In  fresh  specimens  de- 
cidedly greenish.  Vertex  wider  than  long,  square,  with  two  slight 
depressions  posteriorly,  the  anterior  margin  very  bluntly  rounded, 
nearly  straight,  marginal  carina  fuscous.  Frons  slightly  longer  than 
wide,  barely  narrowed  between  the  eyes,  weakly  curved  and  supplied 
with  a  weak  median  carina  which  runs  through  the  entire  frontal 
surface,  otherwise  smooth;  the  lateral  carinae  very  indistinct  with  the 
outer  edges  narrowed  towards  the  apex  of  the  frons.  Pronotum  pro- 
duced lobe-like  in  front,  almost  straight  behind,  with  two  slight  de- 
pressions on  the  disc.  Scutellum  only  slightly  longer  than  the  pro- 
notum.  Elytra  more  than  twice  as  long  as  broad,  scarcely  narrowed 
posteriorly,  translucent,  with  brown  longitudinal  veins,  which  are 
united  with  each  other  by  scarcely  visible  cross-veins;  the  longitudi- 
nal veins  run  parallel  to  each  other,  the  outer  ulnar  vein  is  forked 
near  its  base  with  its  outer  branch  divided  at  the  tip  although  in 
occasional  specimens  this  is  not  divided;  the  basal  forked  shaft  of  the 
claval  vein  is  extremely  short.  Wings  are  vitreous,  with  venation 
brownish.  Beneath  and  the  legs  pale  greenish-yellow,  with  tips  of  the 
spines,  the  claws  and  the  tip  of  the  clypeus,  brown;  the  ridges  of  the 
tibiae  at  times  brownish. 

Length  to  tip  of  elytra  6-6.50  mm.;  width  2.50-3  mm. 

Redescribed  from  a  series  of  both  sexes  from  Gaines- 
ville, Fla.,  collected  by  C.  J.  Drake  in  May  and  July,  1918, 
a  single  specimen  taken  while  sweeping  in  low  deciduous 
woods  near  Belmont,  Miss.,  June  7,  1921,  and  two  speci- 
mens taken  by  Geo.  G.  Ainslie  at  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  Sept. 
1916,  one  at  night  Aug.  7,  1916. 

Thionia  elliptica  GERMAR 
(1830  Thons.  Ent.  Arch.,  ii,  p.  51,  Issus) 

Recorded  from  N.  J.,  D.  C.,  N.  C.,  Ga.,  Ky.  and  Mo. 

Vertex  twice  as  wide  as  long,  the  lateral  edges  sharp  and  raised, 
with  a  black  spot.  Frons  about  a  third  longer  than  wide,  flat,  the 
edges  somewhat  sharpened,  with  a  median  carina  that  runs  through 
the  entire  frontal  surface  and  continues  onto  the  clypeus;  the  upper 
margin  of  the  frons  curved,  numerous  black  dots  on  the  sides.  Genae 
with  a  black  transverse  streak  in  front  of  the  antennal  grooves  and 
a  quadrate  spot  below  this.  Pronotum  longer  than  the  vertex,  pro- 
duced forwards  lobe-like,  furnished  with  black  dots  and  two  small 
depressions  on  the  disc.  Scutellum  with  three  distinct  longitudinal 
carinae  and  two  small  depressions  between  these.  Elytra  longer  than 
broad,  rounded  behind,  spotted  with  black  or  with  numerous  small 
dark  spots  in  the  cells.  Beneath  brownish-yellow,  on  the  sides  of  the 
abdominal  segments  are  small  groups  of  black  dots.  Legs  speckled 
with  brown,  the  femora  with  a  black  cross  band  before  the  tip;  the 
tips  of  the  spines  and  the  claws  dark. 

Length  to  tip  of  elytra  7.50  mm.;  width  4.50  mm. 

106 


Apparently  this  is  a  rare  species,  never  collected  any- 
where in  numbers. 

Thionia  quinquata  METCALF 
(1923  Jr.  Elisha  Mitchell  Soc.,  vol.  38,  p.  190) 

Described  from  a  single  female  taken  at  Raleigh,  No. 
Car.,  in  early  September  by  C.  S.  Brimley. 

The  original  description  is  quoted  here. 

"This  species  may  be  recognized  by  its  narow  five  angled 
vertex  and  nearly  uniform  brown  color  which  is  almost 
uniformly  covered  with  small  dark  points. 

Vertex  narrow,  a  little  longer  than  broad,  the  lateral  margins  di- 
verging, the  anterior  margins  strongly  produced;  frons  narrow  tri- 
carinate,  the  lateral  margins  a  little  arched;  pronotum  strongly  pro- 
duced between  the  eyes;  mesonotum  long  with  an  evident  transverse 
carina;  fore  wings  with  the  longitudinal  and  transverse  veins  evident. 

General  color  ochraceous  brown  with  the  whole  surface  of  the  body 
including  the  wings  and  legs  uniformly  sprinkled  with  small  black 
points,  veins  of  the  wings  and  claws  black. 

Length  to  tips  of  the  wings  8.00  mm." 

THE  SUBFAMILY  ACANALONIINAE  (A.  &  S.) 
( Amyot  &  Serville,  Hemipt.,  pp.  Iviii,  520, 1843  Acanonides.) 

This  subfamily  is  represented  in  North  America  by  the 
single  genus  Acanalonia. 

The  members  have  often  been  confused  with  those  of 
the  Flatinae  which  they  resemble  upon  superficial  exami- 
nation. They  may  be  differentiated  however,  by  having  the 
elytra  without  cross-veins  on  the  costal  margin,  by  not 
being  granulated  on  the  clavus,  and  by  the  spineless  hind 
legs.  On  the  contrary  the  Flatinae  have  the  elytra  with 
cross-veins  in  the  distinctly  bordered  costal  membrane,  the 
clavus  is  always  tubercular,  and  there  are  from  one  to 
tnree  spines  on  the  hind  legs. 

THE  GENUS  ACANALONIA  SPINOLA 

This  genus  is  confined  to  the  new  world  and  is  repre- 
sented in  the  United  States  by  nine  species,  five  of  which 
are  known  from  the  Southern  States. 

The  genus  may  be  distinguished  by  its  having  the  vertex 
straight  or  somewhat  angularly  produced  anteriorly,  the 

107 


frons  flat,  generally  keeled,  the  antennae  short,  ocelli  small, 
the  pronotum  frequently  carinate  in  the  middle,  with  two 
small  impressed  cavities,  the  scutellum  tricarinate,  and  the 
elytra  reticulated  with  net-work  of  veins,  the  longitudinal 
ones  more  prominent.  The  members  of  the  genus  are  gen- 
erally green  in  color,  with  the  apical  margins  of  the  elytra 
furnished  with  brown  dots  or  markings. 

Key  to  Southern  species  of  Acanalonia 

1.  Elytra  almost  semicircular  in  outline. 

Very  small  species,  elytra  almost  unicolorous  4  mm.....pumila  V.  D. 
Larger  species,  bivittate,  7  mm bivittatus  Say 

2.  Elytra  more  quadrate 

Vertex  broader  than  long,  10-13  mm latifrons  Walk. 

Vertex  as  long  as  broad,  conically  produced,  9-12  mm 

cornea  Say 

Extremely  large  species,  14-15  mm servillei  Spin. 

Acanalonia  latifrons  WALKER 
(1851  List  Homop.  in  Br.  Museum,  ii,  p.  457,  Poeciloptera) 

Recorded  from  N.  C.,  Ga.,  Fla.  and  La. 
A  species  that  is  not  particularly  abundant,  and  one 
easily  distinguished  by  its  wide  frons. 

Body  and  elytra  pale  green  in  color.  Front  broader  than  long, 
faintly  speckled  with  yellowish-white,  a  sharp  yellow  median  carina 
which  is  continued  on  the  vertex,  pronotum  and  scutellum  where  it  is 
likewise  of  a  yellow  color.  Two  small  impressions  on  the  pronotum. 
Lateral  carinae  of  scutellum  faint.  Elytra  long-oval,  the  costal  mar- 
gin arched,  the  apical  margin  weakly  convex,  with  rounded  corners; 
sutural  margins  yellow;  veins  forming  a  delicate  net  work,  inner  vein 
of  the  outer  ulnar  vein  simple;  apical  margin  with  small  rusty-brown 
points.  Wings  milk-white.  Hind  legs  pale  green,  the  femora  and 
tarsi  of  the  first  and  second  pairs  rusty-brown. 

Length  of  body  6-8  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  10-13  mm. 

The  writer  took  numbers  of  these  insects  while  sweep- 
ing roadside  vegetation  at  Pascagoula,  Miss.,  July  10,  1920. 
A  number  were  taken  on  young  pecan  nursery  stock  at 
Ocean  Springs  and  Biloxi,  Miss.,  July  20-Aug.  2,  1920, 
and  this  is  probably  a  true  host  plant.  A  specimen  was 
taken  at  Clara,  Miss.,  July  1,  1916,  by  F.  B.  Pittman,  and 
another  at  Gulfport,  June  27,  1921,  by  F.  H.  Benjamin. 

The  native  host  plant  is  not  known,  but  probably  will 
prove  to  be  a  hickory. 

108 


Acanalonia  bivittata  SAY 
(1830  Jr.  Acad.  Phila.  vi.  p.  235;  Compl.  writings  11,  p.  255) 

Although  this  is  one  of  the  most  widely  distributed 
North  American  Fulgorids  it  does  not  seem  to  be  an  overly 
abundant  species  in  the  State. 

Recorded  from  Ont,  N.  Y.,  N.  J.,  Pa.,  D.  C.,  Va.,  N.  C., 
Ga~,  Fla.,  Ohio,  Wise.,  Minn.,  la.,  Kans.,  Mo.,  Ark.,  Texas, 
Ariz.  (Mexico). 

Body  green.  Front  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  long,  not  carinated, 
lateral-edges  not  sharp  and  rounded  to  the  clypeus.  Front  .and 
clypeus  rusty-brown  in  color.  Head  with  the  eyes  as  wide  as  the 
pronotum,  the  vertex  very  broad  and  rounded  to  the  front;  vertex 
with  two  lateral  rusty-brown  stripes  that  join  the  front  anteriorly, 
pass  posteriorly  over  the  thorax  and  are  continued  along  the  entire 
length  of  the  elytral  suture.  Elytra  green,  short,  nearly  semi-circular 
in  shape,  rounded  off  at  the  sutural  corner.  Wings  milk-white.  Be- 
neath and  legs  brownish-yellow. 

Length  to  tip  of  elytra  7-7%  mm.;  width  2  mm. 


Fig.  25 — Adult  Acanalonia  bivittata  Say,  enlarged   (original). 

Swept  from  grass  in  flatwoods  at  Helena,  Miss.,  July 

13,  1920,  by  the  writer.    Also  taken  abundantly  sweeping 
the  floor  of  high  pine  land  at  Ellisville,  Miss.,  Aug.  24,  1920, 
Agr.  College,  Miss.,  Oct.  1,  1920,  and  Bradley,  Miss.,  July 

14,  1921.    Taken  sweeping  grass  at  Salem,  Va.,  in  1925  by 
C.  R.  Willey. 

Melichar  distinguishes  a  variety  of  this  species  from 
Georgia,  giving  it  the  varietal  name  rubescens,  in  which 
the  entire  body  and  elytra  are  reddish-brown,  venation 
bright,  and  the  dark  lateral  longitudinal  stripes  are  missing. 

Acanalonia  pumila  VAN  DUZEE 

(1909  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  lix,  p.  495,  Amphiscepa) 
Known  only  from  No.  Car.  and  Fla.   It  is  our  smallest 
member  of  this  genus. 

109 


Form  nearly  of  Hysteropterum.  Normally  pea  green,  but  many 
specimens  are  of  dull  straw  color. 

Vertex  very  short,  rounded  almost  from  the  base  to  the  front  with 
no  transverse  carina  between  the  two;  anterior  and  posterior  mar- 
gins nearly  parallel.  Front  almost  quadrate,  the  lower  angles  cut 
off  in  line  with  the  sides  of  the  clypeus,  the  sides  below  a  Jittle 
expanded  and  reflexed;  base  of  clypeus  strongly  and  acutely  angled, 
reaching  almost  to  the  line  of  the  antennae.  Eyes  reddish.  Pronotum 
short,  broadly  rounded  before,  almost  straight  behind.  Elytra  almost 
circular  in  outline,  but  little  longer  than  broad,  somewhat  swollen 
towards  the  base,  costa  semicircularly  rounded,  entire  surface  closely 
but  not  prominently  reticulated. 

Length  of  body  3  mm.,  length  to  tip  of  elytra  3%  -4%  mm. 

Van  Duzee  records  sweeping  a  good  series  of  this  pretty 
species  from  a  peculiar  succulent  plant  growing  along  the 
shore  near  the  line  of  high  tides  on  Estero  Island  in  Florida. 
Metcalf  and  Osborn  took  this  species  from  beach  .grass  at 
about  the  level  of  high  tide  at  Wrightsville  Beach,  No.  Car. 
This  species  seems  to  be  limited  in  distribution  to  the  sea- 
shore. 

Acanalonia  servillei  SPINOLA 
(1839  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  viii,  p.  448,  pi.  16,  fig.  2) 

Recorded  from  South  America,  Cuba  and  Jamaica,  and 
reported  from  Florida  by  Uhler  and  from  Pennsylvania  by 
Amyot  and  Serville. 

One  of  the  largest  members  of  the  genus  and  extremely 
rare.  The  following  description  translated  from  Melichar. 

Body  and  elytra  bright  green,  the  latter  with  delicate  brown  cross 
streaks  between  the  apical  veins  on  apical  margin.  Vertex  as  long  as 
pronotum,  rounded  to  frons,  obtusely-angled  in  front,  a  strong  median 
carina,  which  continues  on  the  frons.  The  frons  is  broader  than  long, 
the  sides  nearly  parallel,  widened  outwards  in  a  blunt  angle  before 
the  clypeus.  Pronotum  broadly  rounded  in  front,  straight  behind, 
with  a  strong  median  carina  and  two  small  depressions.  Scutellum 
oval,  strongly  arched,  with  a  prominent  'median  carina  and  weak 
lateral  ones,  which  are  slightly  bent  inwards.  Elytra  one  and  a  half 
times  as  long  as  broad,  the  costal  margin  rounded,  the  apical  margin 
rounded  off  proportionately.  The  n.  ulnaris  ext.  is  thrice  forked,  the 
veins  running  parallel  with  the  n.  ulnaris  int.  Elytra  with  entire 
surface  delicately  reticulated  with  network  of  veins,  the  somewhat 
more  prominent  longitudinal  nerves  yellowish  green.  The  costal  mar- 
gin frequently  more  brightly  colored.  Wings  milk-white.  Abdomen 
and  hind  legs  pale  green;  the  tips  of  the  spines  black;  the  first  two 
pairs  of  legs  frequently  lightly  colored  brownish-yellow. 

Length  to  tip  of  elytra  14-15  mm. 

110 


Acanalonia  conica  SAY 
(1830  Jr.  Acad.  Phila.,  vi,  p.  238,  Amphiscepa) 

Recorded  from  Va.,  N.  C.,  Miss.,  La.,  Ohio,  Ky.,  Ind., 
111.,  Mo.,  Ark.  and  Texas. 

Fairly  common  in  Mississippi,  and  distinguished  at  once 
by  its  conical  vertex. 

Body  and  elytra  pale  green  in  color.  Vertex  somewhat  longer  than 
the  pronotum,  angularly  produced,  anterior  margin  separated  from  the 
frons  by  a  sharp  edge;  surface  of  the  vertex  flat,  lightly  granulated 
and  faintly  carinated  in  the  middle.  Frons  broader  than  long,  smooth, 
a  short  faint  median  carina  at  the  tip,  lateral  margins  parallel,  form- 
ing outwards  an  obtusely-angled  corner.  Antennae  yellow,  pronotum 
with  margin  slightly  emarginate,  the  surface  faintly  granulated  or 
wrinkled,  two  small  impressions  on  disc.  Scutellum  faintly  tricar- 
inate,  the  median  carina  very  obscure,  two  dark  round  spots  posteriorly 
placed.  Elytra  long-oval,  one  and  a  third  times  as  long  as  broad, 
rounded  behind,  apical  margin  with  rusty-brown  points;  costal  margin 
strongly  curved,  the  inner  vein  of  the  outer  ulnar  vein  forked;  veins 
stand  out  forming  a  delicate  net  work.  Wings  milk-white.  Legs  pale 
green  with  the  tips  of  the  femoral  spines  black. 

Length  of  body  6-8  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  9-12  mm. 

Redescribed  from  numerous  specimens  taken  at  Agr. 
College,  Miss.,  Oct.  1,  1915,  by  E.  H.  Dickey,  on  cowpeas; 
Brookhaven,  Miss.,  Sept.  1913,  K.  W.  Holloway;  Goodman, 
Miss.,  1915,  G.  D.  Cowsert;  and  Agr.  College,  Miss.,  June 
21,  1920,  on  grapes,  H.  L.  Dozier.  Several  were  collected  by 
the  writer  at  New  Orleans,  La.,  July  23,  1922.  Three  spec- 
imens, collected  by  George  G.  Ainslie  at  Knoxville,  Tenn., 
July  8,  1919,  also  have  been  available  for  study. 

Host  plants — Grape,  cowpeas,  and  cotton.  Swezy  records 
also  the  osage  orange,  lilac,  corn,  ragweed,  catnip,  milk- 
weed and  sugar  beet  as  food  plants.  Murtfeldt  gives  notes 
on  life-history  in  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agr.  Ent.  bulletin  XIII, 
page  61,  1887. 

SUBFAMILY  FLATINAE  (SPIN.) 

(Spinola,   Ann.    Soc.,   Ent.   Fr.,   viii,   pp.   204,   387,    1839, 

Flatoides) 

Represented  in  North  America  by  six  genera,  three  of 
which,  however,  are  known  only  from  California  and  Ari- 
zona and  in  all  probability  do  not  occur  in  our  territory. 

ill 


Very  little  is  known  of  the  life  history  of  members  of 
this  subfamily,  but  they  are  all  vine,  shrub  and  tree-loving 
forms  and  occur  usually  in  thick  deciduous  woods. 

Key  to  Southern  genera. 

Head  not  strongly  produced  in  front;  frons  as  broad  as  long  or 

longer,  Ormenis  Stal 

Head  more  or  less  strongly  produced  in  front;  elytra  broad, 

held  nearly  horizontal, Flatoides  Guer. 

Elytra  narrow,  three  or  four  times  as  long  as  broad,  strongly 
narrowed  to  subacute  apex,  the  axillary  protuberance  or 
hump  prominent,  Cyarda  Stal 

THE  GENUS  ORMENIS  STAL 

There  are  five  members  of  this  genus  that  have  been 
recorded  from  the  Southern  States.  Of  these  O.  proximo, 
and  rufifascia  are  known  only  from  Florida.  Van  Duzee 
states  that  he  found  rufifascia  not  uncommon  at  Ft.  Myers 
and  Estero,  Fla.,  but  proxima  has  not  been  taken  since  it 
was  described. 

Briefly  characterized  as  follows:  Head  together  with  the  eyes  not 
as  wide  as  the  prothorax.  Vertex  straight  in  front,  narrow,  partly 
covered  by  the  pronotum.  Front  as  long  as  wide  or  longer,  generally 
with  a  median  carina.  Antennae  very  short.  Ocelli  distinct.  Elytra 
narrow,  widened  towards  tip.  In  the  apical  region  of  the  elytra  are 
one  or  two  subapical  cross-veins  which  unite  with  the  costal  vein. 

Logotype  of  the  genus :    Ormenis  rufo-terminata  Stal. 

The  course  of  the  subapical  veins  is  very  characteristic 
with  many  species  and  enable  us  to  separate  forms  that  in 
other  respects  are  very  much  alike. 

Key  to  species  of  Ormenis. 

1.  Elytra  pruinose  pruinosa  Say 

_.     Elytra  pale  green,  commisural  margin  luteous,  thorax  pale  red  with 

three  green  stripes, rufifascia  Walk. 

...     Elytra  pale  green,  thorax  unicolorous, 2. 

2.  Elytra  cut  off  squarely  at  tip, septentrionalis  Spin. 

...     Elytra  rounded  at  tip venusta  Melich. 

Ormenis  pruinosa  SAY 

(1830  Jr.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  vi,  p.  237;  Compl.  Writ., 
ii,  p.  373,  Plata) 

A  very  abundant  species  throughout  the  entire  United 
States. 

112 


Fig.  26 — a.  Egg-punctures  of  Ormenis  pruinosa,  twice  enlarged; 
b.  Froth  masses  of  Ormenis  septentrionalis,  natural  size;  c.  Adults  of 
O.  septentrionalis,  natural  size;  d.  Adult  of  0.  pruinosa,  four  times 
enlarged;  e.  Adult  of  O.  septentrionalis,  four  times  enlarged.  (After 
Walden,  Conn.  Bui.  234). 

113 


Slate,  dark  grey,  or  blackish  color,  which  is  made  to  appear  bluish 
by  the  pruinose  powder  that  covers  most  of  the  surface  in  fresh 
specimens. 

Head,  front,  and  underside  of  the  body  yellowish.  Front  a  little 
longer  than  wide,  with  a  faint  median  carina  extending  the  entire 
length  of  the  frons.  Clypeus  with  transverse  brownish  markings. 
Scutellum  arched,  without  definite  carinae.  Elytra  are  wedge-shaped, 
covered  with  pruinose  powder;  when  this  powder  is  rubbed  off  the 
elytra  appear  to  be  blackish,  becoming  somewhat  translucent  towards 
the  tips;  costal  margin  and  claval  suture  whitish;  corium  marked 
with  three  or  four  more  or  less  round,  black  spots.  Wings  smoky 
with  venation  brown.  Legs  pale  yellow. 

Length  of  body  5  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  7.5  -  8.5  mm. 

This  species  lives  upon  a  variety  of  small  trees  and 
bushes,  especially  young  hickory.  Food  plants:  oak,  elm, 
white  birch,  basswood,  ash,  paw-paw,  privet,  sassafras, 
black  alder,  hazel,  prickly  ash.  orchaid  trees,  grape,  goose- 
berry, sugar-beet,  rhubarb,  sweet  gi  n,  and  the  pecan. 

Ormenis  septentrionalis  SPINOLA 
(1839  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  viii,  p.  436,  Poeciloptera) 

N.  Y.,  N.  ,.,  Pa.,  Va.,  Md.,  D.  C.,  Tenn.,  N.  C.,  Ga.,  Ohio, 
Miss.,  Kansas,  S.  C.,  and  Fla.  Very  abundant  all  over  the 
South. 

Pale  green,  powdered  with  white;  eyes  pale  brown.  Front  as  wide 
as  long,  almost  broader,  the  sides  rounded  to  the  clypeus,  a  median 
carina.  Pronotum  and  scutellum  without  carinae.  Elytra  are  green 
or  pale  green,  often  with  the  costal  margin  yellowish-white,  widened 
at  the  tip,  cut  off  square  with  the  corners  rounded,  two  subapical 
veins  which  are  distant  from  each  other  as  the  posterior  subapical 
vein  is  from  the  apical  margin;  the  posterior  one  almost  straight,  the 
preceding  one  undulating,  both  uniting  with  the  costal  vein.  Wings 
milk-white  with  venation  whitish.  Abdomen  and  legs  pale  greenish- 
yellow. 

Length  of  body  6  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  9-10  mm. 

Food  plants:  Climbing  bittersweet,  dogwood,  plum, 
grape,  prickly  ash,  red  oak,  hawthorne,  black  alder,  cross- 
vine,  sweet  gum,  and  pecan. 

Ormenis  rufifascia  WALKER 
(1851,  List  of  Homoptera,  11,  p.  458,  Poeciloptera) 

Body  grass-green,  thorax  pale  red  with  three  prominent  longi- 
tudinal green  stripes. 

114 


Vertex  very  short,  shorter  at  the  middle  than  on  each  side,  pale 
red,  green  at  median  line.  Frons  about  as  wide  as  long,  rather  flat, 
with  the  median  carina  prominent  on  disc  and  the  lateral  margins 
slightly  elevated;  anterior  margin  almost  straight,  posterior  one  rather 
deeply  and  angularly  emarginate;  pale  red  with  three  green  stripes 
which  are  united  at  both  ends,  spread  out  particularly  at  the  apex. 
Clypeus  short,  pale.  Antennae  rather  short,  reddish.  Pronotum  pale 
red  adorned  with  a  green  median  stripe  and  on  each  side  with  a 
green  band  along  the  fore-border,  almost  truncate-conical  in  front 
and  very  deeply  emarginate  behind.  Scutellum  very  long,  somewhat 
convex,  pale  red,  with  three  longitudinal  green  stripes,  the  median 
one  slightly  elevated.  Elytra  very  pale  green  with  a  luteous  tinge 
along  the  commissural  margin  and  apex,  hind  borders  almost  trun- 
cate at  apex,  the  clavus  strongly  granulate;  longitudinal  veins  very 
numerous,  green.  Legs  pale  yellowish-green. 

Length  of  body  7  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  11  mm. 

Redescribed  from  a  single  specimen  from  Gulfport,  Fla., 
and  a  specimen  collected  by  George  G.  Ainslie  at  Orlando, 
Florida.  There  are  a  number  of  specimens  in  the  U.  S. 
National  Museum  collection  taken  at  several  localities  in 
Florida,  and  in  south  Georgia  on  the  saw  palmetto,  Serrenoa 
serrulata,  as  follows:  Marlow,  Ga.,  July  11,  1917,  W.  D. 
Pierce;  Jekyl  Island,  Ga.,  June  22,  1923,  W.  L.  McAtee. 

Ormenis  venusta  MELICHAR 
(1902  Ann.  K.  K.  Natl.  Hofms.  Wien  xvii,  p.  84) 

Recorded  from  No.  Car.,  Ga.,  and  Texas.  The  writer 
has  taken  it  in  So.  Car.,  Florida  and  Mississippi.  It  is 
much  less  abundant  than  either  0.  pruinosa  or  septentrion- 
alis. 

Pale  green,  more  or  less  covered  with  a  whitish  powder  in  fresh 
specimens.  Front  longer  than  wide,  distinctly  narrowed  at  the  clypeus, 
lateral  margins  sharp;  a  distinct  median  carina  extending  downward 
nearly  to  the  clypeus.  Antennae  orange-yellow,  bristle  black.  Eyes 
dark  brown.  Pronotum  very  narrow  with  a  faint  lighter  colored 
median  carina.  Scutellum  arched,  with  three  faint  longitudinal  car- 
inae.  Elytra  about  twice  as  long  as  wide,  broadened  behind,  symmetri- 
cally rounded  off  at  tip;  a  subapical  cross-vein,  running  parallel  with 
the  apical  margin,  runs  into  the  costal  vein.  Elytra  are  pale  green 
in  color,  the  costal  margin  brighter,  nearly  white,  the  apical  and 
sutural  margins  slightly  colored  with  yellow.  Wings  milk-white. 
Legs  greenish-yellow,  the  tarsi  orange-yellow,  tips  of  the  femoral 
spines  dark. 

Length  of  body  6  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  6-9  mm. 
Taken  breeding  on  pecan,  sweetgum,  and  oak.    Several 

115 


specimens  taken  on  pecan  at  Ruth,  Miss.,  Aug.  11,  1915, 
by  C.  C.  Greer.  Numerous  specimens  in  U.  S.  National 
Museum  collection  as  follows :  Peruque,  Mo.,  on  grape,  July 
21,  1919,  W.  L.  McAtee;  Victoria,  Texas,  on  pecan,  J.  D. 
Mitchell;  Clarksville,  Tenn.,  Aug.  10,  1917,  W.  D.  Pierce; 
Falls  Church,  Va. 

THE  GENUS  FLATOIDES  GUERIN 

This  genus  includes  some  remarkable  insects  and  is 
found  in  South  America,  Mexico,  the  Antilles,  and  in 
Florida  and  Arizona. 

The  three  eastern  species,  punctatus,  maculosus,  and 
concisus  have  been  taken  only  in  Florida.  An  undescribed 
species  was  taken  at  Gainesville,  Fla.,  by  Prof.  J.  R.  Watson 
that  is  even  larger  and  with  a  wider  wing  spread  than 
punctatus.  Description  of  two  species,  and  the  following 
key  are  quoted  from  Metcalf. 

Key  to  Flatoides 

1.  Hind  tibiae  with  three  spines  before  the  apex;  fore  wings  light 
buff,  heavily  spotted  with  large  black  spots 'maculosus  Metcalf 

2.  Hind  tibiae  with  two  spines  before  the  apex;  the  vertex  twice  as 
broad  as  its  median  length 3 

3.  Color  ochraceous  buff  with  a  broad  transverse  fuscous  band  at 

the  base  and  at  apex  of  clavus concisus  Metcalf 

Color  greenish  without  evident  transverse  bands.. punctatus  Walker 

Flatoides  punctatus  WALKER 
(1851  List  Hemipt.  in  Br.  Museum,  ii,  p.  332,  Elidiptera) 

A  large  and  very  striking  species  that  is  covered  with 
a  white  powder  that  renders  the  insects  inconspicuous  on 
the  whitish  trunks  of  certain  trees  on  which  they  most 
frequently  rest. 

Large,  greenish-gray  in  color.  Body  yellowish-gray,  strongly 
tinged  with  pale  green,  rather  broad,  covered  with  a  powdery  coating 
in  fresh  specimens.  Head  very  broad,  slightly  marked  with  brown, 
forming  an  obtuse  angle  on  each  side  in  front  of  the  eyes.  Frons 
quadrate  and  flat.  Antennae  with  the  second  joint  about  twice  the 
length  of  the  first,  yellowish  towards  the  base.  Eyes  prominent, 
greenish-brown.  Elytra  broad,  pale  dull  green,  powdered  with  white, 
with  dark  brown  dots  which  are  mostly  along  the  border;  a  series  of 
dark,  minute  points  along  mostly  the  apical  edge;  costal  border  very 
convex  and  much  dilated  near  the  base,  furnished  with  very  numerous 

116 


branch  veins  that  are  mostly  parallel;  the  veins  pale  green,  some  of 
them  fuscous.  Wings  whitish,  tinged  with  pale  brown  towards  the 
tips  and  along  the  hind  border;  veins  stramineous  or  straw-colored. 
Legs  pale  yellowish-green. 

Length  of  body  7.25  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  11  mm. 

Recorded  localities  all  in  Florida :  "Taken  occasionally 
at  all  places  where  I  collected  in  Fla."  (Van  Duzee) ;  Bis- 
cayne  Bay,  Jacksonville,  (Mrs.  Slosson)  ;  Marco,  Ft.  Myers, 
Clearwater,  Lakeland,  and  Punta  Gorda  (Am.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.)  ;  Gainesville,  April  9,  1918,  by  the  writer  while 
beating  trees  and  bushes.  A  specimen  was  taken  by  Geo. 
G.  Ainslie  at  Lakeland,  Fla.,  April  12,  1918. 


Pig.  27 — Adult  Flatoides  punctatus  Walker   (original). 

Flatoides  maculosus  METCALF 
(1923,  Jr.  of  Elisha  Mitchell  Soc.,  38,  p.  191) 

"This  species  may  be  recognized  by  its  short,  broad  ver- 
tex, pale  ochraceous  buff  or  olive  ochraceous  buff  color, 
heavily  spotted  with  fuscous  and  by  the  very  distinct  geni- 
talia. 

Head  broad;  vertex  nearly  twice  broader  than  long  angularly 
produced  anteriorly;  frons  somewhat  elongate,  conically  produced 
basally;  clypeus  about  one  and  one-half  times  as  long  as  broad; 

117 


clypeal  grooves  evident;  antennae  with  second  segment  about  one 
and  one-half  times  as  long  as  first  segment,  both  segments  somewhat 
flattened.  Pronotum  broad,  short,  nearly  four  times  as  broad  as  long. 
Mesonotum  strongly  produced  anteriorly;  costal  margins  of  the  wing 
faintly  crenulate;  costal  membrane  about  twice  as  broad  as  the 
costal  cell;  the  transverse  veins  slightly  reticulate;  humeral  angles 
not  much  produced;  hind  tibia  with  three  spines;  the  basilar  one 
small;  female  genitalia  with  last  and  penultimate  segments  deeply 
almost  squarely  excavated;  pygofers  large,  broadly  curved  on  the  inner 
margins;  marginal  teeth  very  fine  and  numerous;  anal  segment  broad, 
triangular,  barely  exceeding  the  pygofers;  last  ventral  segment  of 
the  male  broader  than  long,  roundly  excavated  apically;  pygofers 
narrow,  about  two  and  one-half  times  as  long  as  broad,  longer  than 
the  last  ventral  segment,  broadly  separated  at  the  base,  approximate 
subapically,  their  apices  bluntly  rounded. 

Color:  General  color  in  the  female  pale  ochraceous  buff,  heavily 
flecked  with  blackish  fuscous;  in  the  male  the  general  color  is  more 
olive;  head  unmarked  except  for  two  blackish  dashes  in  front  of  the 
eyes  and  three  black  spots  on  the  second  joint  of  the  antennae.  Pro- 
notum with  two  impressed  points  near  the  anterior  border  and  a 
blackish  cloud  behind  the  eye.  Mesonotum  with  three  blackish  spots 
along  each  posterior  border,  the  central  one  very  large  and  a  pair 
of  spots  medianly  near  the  anterior  border;  wings  heavily  marked 
with  irregular  blackish  fuscous  spots.  There  is  usually  a  row  of 
very  irregular  spots  along  the  costal  border  which  become  small 
triangular  spots  around  the  apical  margin.  The  corium  is  marked 
with  numerous  large  and  small  spots  and  the  last  subapical  line  is 
irregularly  bordered  with  fuscous  externally;  the  clavus  has  a  large 
spot  near  the  base  and  a  row  of  short  dashes  along  the  sutural 
margin. 

Length,  female,  apex  of  head  to  apex  of  abdomen  7.50  mm.;  to 
apex  of  wing  10.40  mm.;  male,  apex  of  head  to  apex  of  abdomen  6.30 
mm.;  to  apex  of  wing  9.20  mm. 

This  species  might  be  confused  with  pale  specimen  of  Flatoides 
punctatus  Walker  but  they  are  much  more  heavily  spotted  and  their 
genitalia  are  entirely  different. 

Holotype  female.  Paradise  Key,  Florida.  In  the  collection  of  the 
U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Allotype  male.    Marco,  Florida." 

Flatoides  concisus  METCALF 
(1923,  Jr.  of  Elisha  Mitchell  Soc.  38,  p.  192) 

The  original  description  is  here  quoted. 
This  species  may  be  recognized  by  its  small  size,  pale 
color  and  short  transverse  vertex. 

Head  broad,  nearly  as  broad  as  the  disk  of  the  pronotum;  vertex 
short,  about  one  and  one-half  times  as  broad  as  long;  anterior  margin 

118 


nearly  right  angled;  frons  longer  than  broad,  bluntly  produced 
basally;  clypeus  broad,  flat,  clypeal  grooves  indistinct,  antennae  with 
second  joint  nearly  three  times  as  long  as  first,  truncate  apically. 
Pronotum  short,  produced  anteriorly  to  the  anterior  margins  of  the 
eyes,  triangularly  notched  posteriorly.  Mesonotum  small,  flat,  wings 
elongate  narrow,  costal  membrane  about  twice  as  wide  as  the  costal 
cell,  costal  margin  straight;  two  subapical  lines  rather  irregular; 
hind  tibia  with  two  spines  on  the  apical  third;  last  ventral  segment 
of  the  female  triangularly  notched;  penultimate  deeply  notched  with 
the  side  margins  converging  slightly;  pygofers  short,  broader  than 
long,  the  apical  margins  broadly  rounded  with  heavy  teeth;  anal 
segment  short,  transverse,  exceeded  by  the  pygofers. 

Color:  General  color  pale  ochraceous  buff,  heavily  sprinkled  with 
a  whitish  powder,  a  few  blackish  fuscous  markings;  vertex  fuscous 
with  the  median  lines  and  lateral  margins  paler;  frons  and  clypeus 
ochraceous  buff;  pronotum  with  two  impressed  points  and  a  blackish 
cloud  behind  the  eyes.  Mesonotum  brownish  fuscous  clouded  with 
blackish  anteriorly;  fore  wings  ochraceous  buff,  veins  nearly  concolor- 
ous.  There  is  a  broad  irregular  blackish  fuscous  band  from  the  costal 
margin  across  the  humeri  to  the  middle  of  the  clavus,  another  diagonal 
band  at  the  apex  of  the  costal  membrane  and  a  few  irregular  fuscous 
clouds  in  the  cells  of  the  membrane,  apical  spots  very  faint;  venter 
and  legs  ochraceous  buff,  excepting  the  mesopleura,  genital  pieces, 
spines  and  claws  of  the  legs  which  are  marked  with  fuscous. 

Length,  apex  of  head  to  apex  of  abdomen,  6.60  mm.;  to  tip  of  wing 
9.10  mm.  Holotype  female  from  Florida. 

This  is  a  very  small  pale  species  which  is  closely  related 
to  Flatoides  acutus  Uhler.  The  genitalia  seem  to  be  su- 
ficiently  distinct  and  the  color  is  entirely  distinct." 

THE  GENUS  CYARDA  WALKER 

This  genus  was  established  by  Walker  in  1858  and  con- 
tains only  a  single  species  known  to  the  United  States. 

Briefly  characterized  as  follows:  Elytra  are  very  long,  much 
widened  at  the  base,  then  strongly  narrowed  behind,  the  axillary 
protuberance  or  hump  prominent.  Vertex  is  a  little  produced  and 
rounded.  Front  nearly  elliptical,  without  carinae.  Scutellum  flattened 
on  the  disc.  Ocelli  distinct.  Antennae  short.  Femora  with  two  spines. 

Haplotype  of  the  genus — Cyarda  difformis  WALK. 

The  elytra  strongly  narrowed  behind  and  the  prominent 
axillary  protuberance  especially  distinguishes  this  genus. 


119 


This  species  has  heretofore  been  recorded  only  from 
No.  Car.  and  Florida.  It  was  swept  in  abundance  from 
marsh  grass  (Juncus)  and  underbrush  on  Cat  Island,  seven 
miles  off  the  Mississippi  Coast,  by  the  writer  Sept.  7,  1920. 
At  Gainesville,  Florida,  it  was  found  by  him  breeding  on 
the  stems  of  young  hickory  shrubs. 


Fig.  28 — Cyarda  melichari  Van  Duzee  (original). 

Cyarda  melichari  VAN  DUZEE 

(1907  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  viii,  No.  5,  p.  40,  n.  n.  for  punctata 

Melichar) 

Elytra  strongly  narrowed,  yellowish-brown  with  black  spots. 

Elytra  and  entire  body  yellowish-brown.  Vertex  between  the  eyes 
twice  as  wide  as  long  in  the  middle,  rounded  in  front,  the  somewhat 
darker  colored  anterior  margin  slightly  raised,  with  two  deep  parallel, 
longitudinal  furrows.  Front  about  as  long  as  its  width  at  the  middle, 
narrower  at  the  clypeus  than  the  above  margin,  the  sides  weakly 
bent  and  carinated.  Pronotum  as  long  as  vertex,  with  two  small  pit- 
like  grooves,  very  faintly  tricarinate.  Scutellum  strongly  flattened, 
the  flattened  disc  being  defined  by  two  parallel  lateral  carinae.  Elytra 
three  times  as  long  as  wide  at  the  broadest  point,  behind  the  base 
strongly  bent  outwards  and  then  sharply  narrowed  to  the  sub-acute 
tip,  yellowish-brown  with  black  spots  that  are  nearly  equidistant  from 
each  other;  axillary  protuberance  or  hump  (viewed  from  above) 
prominent;  small  tubercles  at  the  base  of  the  clavus,  near  the  axillary 
hump,  and  at  the  base  of  the  costal  membrane;  costal  membrane 
a  little  wider  than  the  costal  cells  and  supplied  with  numerous  simple 
cross-veins;  longitudinal  veins  not  black.  Wings  smoky-brown. 

Length  of  body  5  mm. ;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  7-8  mm. 

THE  SUBFAMILY  DERBINAE  SPINOLA 
(Spinola,  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Fr.,  viii,  pp.  205,  377,  Derboides.) 

This  subfamily  contains  the  most  delicate  and  remark- 
able forms  among  the  fulgoridae.  It  is  well  represented  in 
the  United  States  by  seven  genera,  numbering  thirty-two 
species  at  present.  From  Muir's  study  of  the  "Derbidae  of 

120 


the  Philippine  Islands"  it  seems  that  the  Philippine  Archi- 
pelago bids  fair  to  be  the  richest  representation  in  the 
world  of  these  extremely  delicate  insects-  He  lists  98  species 
as  occurring  there. 

But  little  is  known  of  the  life  history  except  that  the 
adults  nearly  all  feed  on  the  foliage  of  trees  and  tall  shrubs. 
The  few  exotic  nymphs  that  have  been  described  all  live 
in  rotten  wood  or  under  old  bark,  but  the  eggs  have  never 
been  described. 

Key  to  the  genera 

1.  Head  broad,  if  viewed  from  above;  small,  short,  compact  species, 
the  antennae  short  and  inconspicuous,  subovate  or  subpyriform, 
the  auriculate  process  or  antennal  trough  an  appendage  of  the 
head Cedusa  Fowler 

...     Head  about  as  broad  as  in  the  above  but  with  elytra  distinctly 

longer,  the  antennal  trough  an  appendage  of  the  pronotum 

Cenchrea  Westw. 

2.  Head  thin,  if  viewed  from  above,  the  elytra  long  and  narrow,  en- 
larging and  dilating  towards  the  apex 3. 

3.  Antennae  with  one  or  more  basal  appendages;   the  head  long, 
thin  and  rostrate ~ Otiocerus  Kirby 

...  Antennae  without  basal  appendages,  long,  flattened  in  some  species 
and  subcylindrical  in  others,  extending  to  or  beyond  the  tip  of 
the  head 4. 

4.  Three  of  four  discoidal  cells  between  the  postcostal  and  median 
veins;  head  slightly  produced  beyond  the  eyes;  carinae  of  head 
feeble,  expanded  very  thin,  vertex  little  depressed, Patara  Ball 

...  A  large  number  of  apical  cells  which  are  long  and  narrow,  pre- 
ceded by  cross-veins  arranged  in  a  nearly  transverse  regular 
band;  head  more  produced  beyond  the  eyes;  carinae  much  elevated 
at  the  sides,  leaving  a  deep  impression, Amalopota  Van.  D. 

...  These  apical  cells  much  shorter,  more  irregular,  and  usually 
fewer  in  number  than  in  preceding  genus;  head  produced  beyond 
the  eyes;  carinae  of  head  elevated  at  sides,  leaving  a  deep  de- 
pression; ocelli  lacking, Anotia  Kirby 

5.  Moth-like,  wing  expansion  17  mm., Mysidia  Westw. 

THE  GENUS  PATARA  BALL 

In  profile,  members  of  this  genus,  have  the  vertex  and 
face  forming  a  continuous  curve;  the  antennae  are  small, 
cylindrical  or  long,  broad  and  flattened  in  our  species,  and 
without  appendages;  and  the  elytra  are  long  and  apically 
pointed  with  distinctive  shape  and  neuration. 

121 


Patara  vanduzei  BALL 
(102  Can.  Ent,  xxxiv,  p.  260) 

This,  the  only  North  American  species,  has  been  re- 
corded only  from  New  York,  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio. 

General  color  brownish-purple,  a  light  stripe  on  the  vertex  and 
pronotum,  and  a  light  area  around  the  apex  of  the  elytra.  In  profile, 
the  vertex  and  frons  forming  a  continuous  semicircular  curve,  about 
equally  margining  the  eye  all  around;  vertex  extremely  thin  at  apex, 
expanded  posteriorly,  white.  Frons  and  antennae  brownish  testaceous, 
the  latter  long,  broad,  and  flattened.  Pronotum  slightly  carinate, 
broad  and  nearly  parallel  margined,  brownish  fuscous,  with  a  broad, 
median  light  stripe.  Scutellum  light  testaceous,  with  a  pale  stripe. 
Elytra  long,  apically  pointed,  although  roundedly  so,  brownish  with 
the  venation  red,  giving  the  insect  a  brownish-purple  appearance; 
the  three  cross-veins  before  the  apical  cells  fuscous;  a  light  spot 
on  the  apex  of  each  apical  vein  and  a  larger  one  on  the  inner  re- 
flected one;  the  claval  nervure  tuberculate,  white.  Wings  slightly 
smoky  hyaline,  the  venation  reddish.  Legs  pale. 

Length  of  body  2  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  4.75  mm.;  elytra 
expansion  8.5  mm. 

The  food  plant  is  not  definitely  known  but  is  probably 
a  species  of  oak. 

THE  GENUS  CEDUSA  FOWLER 

This  is  considered  to  be  our  most  primitive  form  of  the 
Derbinae  as  the  frons  is  relatively  broad,  the  elytral  vena- 
tion simple,  and  the  antennae  are  but  slightly  enlarged  or 
flattened.  All  are  small,  short,  compact  species  and  range 
in  color  from  fumose  to  black,  more  or  less  covered  with 
bluish-gray  pruinosity.  In  Cedusa  the  lower  margin  of  the 
pronotum  is  without  up-curved  lamina,  the  lower  part  of 
the  antenna!  trough  being  formed  by  a  more  or  less  scoop- 
shaped  process  of  the  genal  ridge.  The  only  reliable  char- 
acters for  separation  of  certain  of  the  species  are  the  male 
genitalia. 

The  following  key  has  been  partially  adapted  from 
McAtee*. 

Key  to  some  of  the  species  of  Cedusa. 

Elytra  fuscous  or  black 1. 

Elytra  white,  clouded  with  fuscous  in  the  areoles..maculata  Van  D. 
1.  Mesonotum  and  parts  anterior  chiefly  fulvous,  the  elytra  more 

or  less  dusky  apically,  fulvous  towards  base edentula  Van  D. 

122 


...     Mesonotum   (in  mature  specimens)    always  and  parts  anteriorly 

usually,  dusky  to  black;   elytra  dusky refer  to 

accompanying  Fig.  29  of  male  genitalia  for  specific  determination. 

Cedusa  vulgaris  FITCH 
(1851  Cat.  Ins.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  47,  Poeceloptera) 

This  is  a  common  northern  species  that  has  been  re- 
corded with  a  range  from  Quebec,  Ontario,  Kansas,  Texas, 
and  Georgia  as  its  extremes. 

Blackish-pruinose,  having  a  powdered,  somewhat  grayish  ap- 
pearance. 

Body  blackish-pruinose,  abdominal  segments  sometimes  touched 
with  orange.  Head  black,  carinated  portions  paler;  the  frontal  carinae 


Fig.  29 — Male  claspers  of  Southern  species  of  Cedusa  (Adapted  from 
McAtee).  1.  Cedusa  macuktta;  2.  maculata,  apical  sternite  of  female; 
3.  edentula;  4.  gedusa;  5.  obscura,  two  shapes  of  apical  hook  shown, 
and  at  right  a  lateral  view  of  clasper;  6.  bedusa;  7.  vulgaris,  lateral 
view  at  right;  8.  mallochi,  lateral  view  at  right;  9.  cedusa;  10.  kedusa; 
11.  hedusa. 

*For  a  complete  treatise  of  this  genus,  see  "Notes  on  Cenchrea  West- 
wood  and  Cedusa  Fowler"  by  W.  L.  McAtee,  Annals  Ent.  Soc. 
Amer.,  vol.  17,  June,  1924,  pp.  179-185,  PI.  21. 

123 


prominent.  Eyes  brown.  Elytra  blackish-pruinose,  lighter  and  more 
smoky  towards  the  apex.  Wings  light  smoky  in  color.  Legs  pale. 

Last  ventral  segment  of  the  female  triangular,  with  its  margins 
almost  rectilinear. 

Male  plates  have  their  inner  margins  divergent  on  their  immediate 
base,  then  somewhat  sinuated  to  their  apex  which  has  an  unusually 
large  pale  tooth. 

Length  of  body  3  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  4-5  mm.;  elytral 
expansion  9  mm. 

A  male  swept  from  weeds  at  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  Aug.  29, 
1919,  by  W.  B.  Cartwright  has  been  examined. 

Known  food  plants :  Willow,  thorn,  beech,  oak,  hickory, 
grape,  alder,  wild  cherry,  and  skunk  cabbage. 

Cedusa  bedusa  McATEE 
(1924,  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am.,  17,  p.  182) 

Recorded  from  Virginia. 

This  species  is  one  of  the  forms  long  confused  with 
C.  obscura  by  various  workers.  The  latter  species,  as  shown 
by  McAtee,  is  a  western  species,  at  present  known  only 
definitely  from  Colorado. 

Dusky  in  general  color,  the  head  and  pronotum  distinctly  paler. 
Frons  widest  at  a  point  about  two-thirds  its  length  from  vertex,  the 
sides  a  little  concave  above  that  point,  straight  and  gradually  con- 
vergent below.  Ventral  view  of  outer  male  clasper  shows  the  lateral 
lobe  not  quite  so  broad  as  in  C.  incisa  and  the  apical  hook  is  nearly 
obsolete. 

Length  4.75  mm. 

Beaten  from  foliage  by  the  writer  at  Gainesville,  Florida, 
in  1917.  There  is  no  definite  record  from  Mississippi,  al- 
though undoubtedly  occurring. 

Cedma  edentula  VAN  DUZEE 
(1902  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  x,  p.  503,  Lamenia) 

Recorded  from  N.  J.,  D.  C.,  and  N.  Carolina. 

Distinctly  fulvous  in  color  and  easily  distinguished  from  the  others. 
Frons  gradually  widened  almost  to  the  apex. 
Length  3.75  -  4.5  mm. 

A  male  was  taken  by  the  writer  while  beating  in  low 
deciduous  woods  at  Longview,  Mississippi,  June  27,  1920. 

124 


Cedusa  incisa  METCALF 
(1923  Jr.  Elisha  Mitchell  Soc.,  38,  p.  195,  Herpis) 

Recorded  from  Conn.,  N.  Y.,  Mich.,  N.  J.,  and  Iowa. 

Frons  broadest  about  two-thirds  its  length  from  vertex,  the  sides 
above  that  point  a  little  incurved,  below  it  is  more  strongly  out- 
curved.  The  apical  hook  of  the  male  clasper  upcurved  and  prominent. 

Length  3.75-4.5  mm. 

A  male  was  taken  by  C.  J.  Drake  at  Tupelo,  Miss.,  July 
1,  1921. 

Cedusa  mallochi  McATEE 
(1924  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am.,  17,  p.  184) 

McAtee  in  his  brief  description  records  this  species 
from  Maryland  and  Louisiana  and  it  undoubtedly  occurs  in 
Mississippi. 

The  frons  is  of  nearly  uniform  width,  slightly  widening  from 
vertex  to  a  point  three-fourths  its  length  below,  then  slightly  con- 
stricted before  joining  the  clypeus.  The  apical  hook  of  male  clasper 
long,  and  directed  nearly  straight  inwardly  but  slightly  curved  an- 
teriorly. 

Length  4.-5.5  mm. 


Fig.  30 — Lateral  view  of  Cedusa  maculata  Van  D. 
(Drawing  by  Osborn) 

Cedusa  maculata  VAN  DUZEE 
(1902  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  x,  p.  503,  Lamenia) 

Distinguished  at  once  by  its  color  from'  all  the  other 
species. 

Recorded  from  Ont,  N.  Y.,  D.  C.  and  N.  Car. 

General  color  grayish-white,  the  frons  with  a  fuscous  median  vitta 
which  extends  over  the  clypeus  and  is  expanded  about  an  oval  white 
spot  on  the  apex  of  the  frons;  dorsally  this  fuscous  vitta  extends 
across  the  pronotum  and  scutellum;  the  cheeks  are  infuscated  and 

125 


marked  with  a  triangular  black  spot  at  their  lower  angle.  Antennae 
testaceous,  infuscated  below.  Vertex  apparently  wanting,  the  base  of 
the  frons  rounding  over  to  the  hind  margin  of  the  head,  viewed  from 
above  not  surpassing  the  eyes;  the  frons  slightly  expanded  at  the  apex. 
Pronotum  short,  deeply  but  roundly  emarginate  behind;  marked  with 
a  black  patch  behind  the  eyes.  Lateral  angles  of  the  scutellum  in- 
fuscated. Abdomen  blackish,  edged  with  white,  the  pleural  pieces 
with  a  fuscous  spot  superiorly.  Elytra  infuscated  in  each  of  the 
areoles,  the  nervures  strong,  white  at  base,  infuscated  at  apex.  Wings 
white,  with  slender,  fuscous  nervures.  Legs  white,  the  femora  slightly 
infuscated;  tibiae  banded  with  fuscous  at  base  and  apex;  tarsi  brown, 
the  posterior  ones  mostly  white. 

Inner  margin  of  the  male  plates  with  a  linear  excavation  almost 
to  their  apex,  leaving  only  a  blunt  tooth  before  the  oblique  apical 
margin;  the  upper  angle  of  this  apical  margin  produced  in  a  short 
triangular  tooth  in  place  of  the  long  spur-like  process  in  most  of  the 
species  of  Cedusa. 

Length  to  tip  of  elytra  5  mm. 

Taken  by  Prof.  Herbert  Osborn  along  the  coast  of  North 
Carolina  in  hardwood  forests  on  a  species  of  small  bush, 
possibly  a  huckleberry.  The  writer  collected  specimens  dur- 
ing 1921  at  the  following  localities  in  Mississippi,  always 
by  sweeping  and  beating  in  low  deciduous  woods:  Colum- 
bus, June  23,  Dozier  and  Drake ;  Tupelo,  July  2 ;  and  Fulton, 
July  4.  A  specimen  was  collected  at  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  in 
1919  by  Geo.  G.  Ainslie. 

THE  GENUS  CENCHREA  WESTWOOD 

Members  of  this  genus  have  the  head  very  small,  the 
second  antennal  segment  short,  tuberculate  with  a  seta,  and 
the  elytra  are  broad  at  the  middle,  and  narrowed  behind  the 
middle.  The  reflector-like  structure,  called  the  antennal 
trough  by  McAtee,  that  forms  a  guard  for  the  highly  sen- 
sorial  antennae,  is  an  appendage  of  the  pronotum  in  Cen- 
chrea  and  of  the  head  in  Cedusa  as  pointed  out  by  McAtee. 
(Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  17,  June,  1924).  There  are  four 
species  of  Cenchrea  that  occur  in  the  United  States,  one  of 
which,  fulva,  is  known  only  from  Florida.  Ball's  species, 
heidemanni,  has  recently  had  the  new  genus  Neocenchrea 
erected  to  contain  it  by  Metcalf  but  it  now  seems  advisable 
to  retain  all  under  Cenchrea  (see  McAtee).  So  far  heide- 
manni has  never  been  recorded  from  the  Southern  States. 

McAtee  has  briefly  characterized  the  genus  as  follows: 

126 


Lower  margin  of  pronotum  with  an  upcurved  lamina  forming 
lower  border  of  antennal  trough,  genal  ridge  prominent  but  not  pro- 
duced; margin  of  vertex  and  frons  elevated  and  granulate;  face 
distinctly  inwardly  angulate  at  junction  of  frons  and  clypeus;  pro- 
notum angulate-emarginate  posteriorly;  veins  of  tegmen  tending  to 
be  granulate,  veins  always  distinctly  so;  claval  veins  uniting  at  or 
beyond  middle  of  commissure;  margin  of  tegmen  serrulate  apically. 
All  species  with  carinae  of  head  more  or  less  fuscous-edged. 

Cenchrea  fulva  VAN  DUZEE 
(1909  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  ix,  p.  195) 

This  large  species  recorded  only  from  Florida  may  be 
readily  distinguished  by  its  pinkish  color.  It  differs  from 
heidemanni  Ball  by  its  narrow  and  deeply  sunken  vertex 
and  frons  and  the  fulvo-testaceous  elytra,  which  in  heide- 
manni are  milky- white;  from  uhleri  at  once  by  the  small 
size  of  the  latter  and  creamy  elytra,  margined  with  fuscous. 

The  original  description  is  here  quoted. 

"Very  closely  allied  to  Heidemanni  Ball  but  with  a  narrower  and 
more  deeply  channeled  front.  Elevated  margins  of  the  vertex  as 
high  as  the  width  of  its  carinate  base.  Front  distinguished  from 
the  vertex  by  a  slight  angle  but  the  dividing  line  not  at  all  carinate; 
narrow,  but  little  broader  at  apex;  the  edges  greatly  elevated;  middle 
line  feebly  carinate.  Eyes  vertical,  sinuated  behind  and  strongly 
narrowed  below.  Second  joint  of  the  antennae  large,  ovate,  but  not 
nearly  attaining  the  margin  of  the  post-ocular  cavity  in  which  it 
stands;  setae  short,  black.  Pronotum  shorter  than  the  dorsal  aspect 
of  the  vertex,  angularly  emarginate  behind;  on  either  side  produced 
in  a  semicircular  auriculate  cavity  for  the  reception  of  the  antennae; 
the  elevation  of  the  posterior  wall  of  this  cavity  is  about  equal  to  the 
length  of  the  pronotum.  Mesonotum  transverse,  convex,  polished  and 
very  obscurely  tricarinate  on  the  disk;  the  obtuse  triangular  apex 
depressed.  Elytra  long  and  narrow;  the  outer  claval  nervure  dis- 
tinctly granulate.  Genital  plates  of  the  male  with  their  inner  margins 
strongly  toothed  at  the  middle  leaving  a  rounded  opening  at  base 
and  an  oblong  one  apically.  Length  to  tip  of  the  abdomen  3*&  mm.; 
to  apex  of  the  closed  elytra  6%  mm. 

Color  obscure  rufo-fulvous,  deeper  on  the  abdomen  and  paler  or 
subtestaceous  on  the  elytra;  eyes,  slender  edge  of  the  facial  carinae 
and  stiles  of  the  male  black.  Wings  and  plates  of  the  male  whitish, 
tfie  nervures  of  the  former  brownish;  apical  margin  of  the  elytra 
slightly  enfumed  and  very  minutely  serrate. 


127 


Described  from  one  male  taken  at  Estero.  This  large 
species  may  readily  be  distinguished  by  its  pinkish  color. 
It  differs  from  the  closely  related  Heidemanni  Ball  by  its 
narrow  and  deeply  sunken  vertex  and  front  and  the  f ulvo- 
testaceous  elytra.  It  has  a  much  more  produced  vertex 
than  Uhleri." 

Cenchrea  mcateei,  new  species 

This  species  has  long  been  confused  with  the  descrip- 
tion of  Cenchrea  fulva  Van  Duzee  and  this  is  what  Metcalf 
placed  as  that  species  and  called  Phasiocephalus  fulvus. 
As  Van  Duzee  compared  his  fulva  with  heidemanni  and 
gave  its  length  as  6.5  mm.  this  small  species  cannot  be  fulva 
and  must  be  described  as  new. 

Easily  distinguished  from  C.  fulva  by  its  much  smaller  size  and 
less  pinkish  color.  General  color  tawny  fulvous. 

Vertex  and  frons  narrow  and  deeply  sunken,  the  frons  dis- 
tinguished from  the  vertex  by  only  a  slight  angle  the  dividing  line  of 
vhich  is  not  at  all  carinate.  Frons  narrow,  only  slightly  broader  at 
apex,  the  edges  greatly  elevated,  the  median  carina  very  faint.  The 
lateral  carinae  of  the  vertex  distinctly  elevated.  Antennae  with  the 
second  joint  large  and  ovate,  the  seta  short  and  dark  colored.  Pro- 
notum  distinctly  shorter  than  the  vertex,  angularly  emarginate 
posteriorly.  Mesonotum  transverse,  convex,  slightly  polished  and 
distinctly  tricarinate  on  the  disk.  Elytra  varying  from  testaceous 
tawny  to  darker  color,  sometimes  enfumed,  long  and  narrow,  the 
T>uter  claval  vein  distinctly  granulate.  The  venation  in  light  colored 
specimens  almost  concolorous  with  the  elytra,  in  darker  specimens 
the  venation  is  more  fuscous. 

Male  genitalia  with  the  claspers  testaceous,  their  inner  margins 
towards  base  with  strong  spur-like  tooth. 

Length  of  body  2  mm. ;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  3.5-4  mm. 

Described  from  a  mutilated  female  from  Ellisville,  Miss., 
August  11,  1921,  and  four  males  collected  at  the  following 
localities  in  Mississippi:  Vicksburg,  July  14,  1921;  Oko- 
lona,  June  28,  1921;  Woodville,  July  25,  1921;  and  Ocean 
Springs,  August  3,  1921.  All  specimens  taken  by  the  writer 
by  beating  and  sweeping  in  deciduous  woods. 

The  writer  takes  pleasure  in  dedicating  the  above  species 
to  Mr.  W.  L.  McAtee  of  the  U.  S.  Biological  Survey  who 
has  contributed  valuable  work  on  this  group  and  who 
pointed  out  to  the  writer  the  fact  that  this  species  was 
not  fulva  and  must  be  considered  as  new. 

128 


Cenchrea  uhleri  BALL 
(1902  Canadian  Entomologist.,  xxxiv,  p.  261) 

Recorded  from  N.  Y.,  N.  J.,  Md.,  D.  C.  and  Kansas. 

Resembling  somewhat  a  Cedusa  in  appearance  and  in  the  way  the 
plytra  are  held  when  at  rest,  but  slightly  longer  and  narrower.  Much 
Smaller  than  heidemanni. 

Pale  creamy  or  slightly  testaceous-yellow,  washed  with  tawny,  the 
Abdominal  segments  above  and  below  blackish,  with  pale  margins. 
Vertex  broader  at  base  than  at  the  anterior  margin  which  is  straight, 
sunken  on  the  disk,  and  definitely  angled  with  the  frons.  Frons 
widening  slightly  below  to  the  clypeus.  Antennae  short,  globular,  the 
fuscous  seta  short.  Elytra  long,  strictly  parallel-margined,  creamy 
in  color;  a  round  fuscous  spot  just  before  the  apex  of  the  costa  and 
usually  a  brownish  or  fuscous  submarginal  stripe  along  the  costa,  and 
a  brownish  line  along  the  sutural  margin;  the  apical  margin  usually 
reddish.  Wings  pale  hyaline,  the  nervures  slightly  darker. 

Male  genital  plates  or  claspers  long,  strap-like,  slightly  widening 
towards  the  apex. 

Length  of  body  2-3  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  4-5  mm. 

The  writer  took  specimens  while  sweeping  in  deciduous 
woods  during  1921  at  the  following  localities  in  Mississippi : 
a  male  on  underside  of  ironwood  leaf  (Carpinus  carolin- 
iana)  at  Yokena,  July  20;  a  female  at  Port  Gibson,  July 
21;  and  a  female  at  Woodville,  July  25.  Dr.  C.  J.  Drake 
also  took  a  specimen  at  Vicksburg,  Miss.,  July  19,  1921. 
A  pair  was  collected  in  woods  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  Sept.  3, 
1915,  by  Mr.  Geo.  G.  Ainslie  and  loaned  for  study.  The 
writer's  material  has  been  carefully  compared  with  the 
Ball  type. 

THE  GENUS  OTIOCERUS  KIRBY 

This  genus  is  peculiar  to  the  New  World.  It  was  erected 
by  Kirby  in  1819  and  eight  species  from  North  American 
material  were  then  described.  Since  Kirby's  time  all  of 
these  species  have  again  been  collected  and  recognized  with 
the  exception  of  reamurii  which  was  described  from  Geor- 
gia. Later,  Fitch  and  others  have  added  to  the  genus.  Kir- 
by's descriptions  were  all  made  in  Latin  and  are  rather 
meager. 

Briefly  characterized  as  follows:  Head  long,  thin  and  rostrate. 
Antennae,  lying  upon  and  rigidly  appressed  to  the  cheeks,  sometimes 
passing  over  the  eyes  with  basal  appendages  that  are  extremely  deli- 

129 


cate  and  easily  broken  off;   they  resemble  slender  tapering  worms 
irregularly  curled.  Ocelli  lacking.  Elytra  subhyaline,  long  and  delicate. 
Logotype  of  the  genus:     Otiocerus  stollii  Kby. 

All  the  members  of  the  genus  are  comparatively  scarce 
in  numbers  and  practically  nothing  is  known  of  their  life 
history,  except  that  the  known  food  plants  are  all  de- 
ciduous trees.  The  shape  and  lateral  outline  of  the  ros- 
trum of  each  species  seems  to  be  very  distinctive  and  will 
prove  of  value  in  making  identifications. 

It  is  rather  difficult  to  arrange  a  key  for  members  of 
this  genus  but  the  following  artificial  one  will  aid  in  their 
proper  identification. 

Key  to  the  species  of  Otiocerus 

1.  General  color  pale  red  to  dark  red 2 

...     General  color  whitish  or  a  pale  yellow 3 

2.  Elytra  with  an  oval  spot  on  apical  margin  in  addition  to  the 
commissural  line,  7  mm stollii  Kirby 

...     Elytra  with  only  a  short  pale  line  beyond  tip  of  clavus;  large 
species,  11  mm degeeri  Kirby 

3.  Elytra  hyaline  without  markings,  the  veins  red,  7.2  mm. 
schellenbergi  Kirby 

...     Elytra  with  red  markings  only,  in  the  form  of  a  red  vitta  along 
claval  suture,  forking  at  end  of  clavus,  8.75  mm.,  coquebertii  Kirby 

4.  Elytra  with  dark  markings,  chiefly  in  form  of  spots 5 

...     Elytra  with  dark  markings  in  form  of  vittae  or  bands 8 

5.  Spots  arranged  over  the  entire  elytron 6. 

...     Base  of  corium  without  spots 7 

6.  Spots  forming  series  in  the  cells,  abdomen  without  black  spots, 
body  red degeeri  Kirby 

...     Spots  not  in  series  in  the  cells,  some  of  them  grouped  in  an  oblique 
vitta,  body  pale,  the  abdomen  spotted,  7.5  mm francilloni  Kirby 

7.  Spots  irregular  in  shape,  aggregated,  covering  most  of  elytron 

except  the  clavus,  6  mm ballii  McAtee 

Spots  chiefly  round,  widely  spaced,  one  in  clavus,  9.5  mm., 
abbotii   Kirby 

8.  Elytra  whitish,  with  faint  dark  somewhat  broken  vitta  from  apex 
of  clavus  obliquely  across  to  costal  margin,  faintly  clouded  at 

inner  apical  angle,  8  mm kirbyi  Fitch 

Elytra  pale  yellow  with  broad  dusky  vitta  from  base  to  middle 
of  the  inner  margin,  extending  thence  obliquely  across  to  outer 
margin  at  its  tip  and  sending  a  very  broad  branch  to  tip  of  inner 

margin,  9  mm signoretii  Fitch 

Elytra  pale  with  reddish  veins,  a  broad  subarcuate  vitta,  broaden- 
ed at  apex  with  five  black  dots  on  tip  and  three  on  the  vitta  itself, 
body  pale  tinged  with  red,  7  mm. reaumurii  Kirby 

130 


Elytra  pale  sulphur  yellow  with  brown  vitta  from  base  to  middle 
of  inner  margin,  thence  to  the  outer  tip,  veins  concolorous  with 
the  ground  color,  an  orange-red  stripe  on  each  side  of  eye  to  the 

forward  edge  below  the  apex,  10  mm amyotii  Fitch 

Elytra  yellowish  with  brown  vitta,  very  much,  as  in  amyotii,  the 
orange-red  stripe  on  each  side  runs  from  the  eye  obliquely  up- 
wards to  apex  of  rostrum  where  it  ends  in  a  fine  black  streak, 
10.25  mm wolfii  Kirby 


kirhijii 


battif 


Fig.  31 — Lateral  outlines  of  heads  of  species  of  Otiocerus,  drawn  to 
same  scale   (original). 

Otiocerus  schellenbergii  KIRBY 
(1819  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  Loud.,  xiii,  p.  18) 

Recorded  from  N.  Y.  and  Georgia. 

Resembles  degeerii  most  closely  but  distinguished  at 
once  by  its  smaller  size,  the  absence  of  green  spots  on  the 
elytr;.,  and  by  the  shape  of  the  well-rounded  rostrum  which 
in  degeerii  is  acutely  produced  upwards. 

Elytra  milky  white,  clouded,  somewhat  hyaline,  snowy  along  the 
median  suture;  tip  of  apex  polinose-snowy.    Body  yellowish-orange, 

131 


venter  with  a  more  reddish  tinge,  a  median  polinose-snowy  line  on 
the  dorsal  surface  of  the  thorax.  Head  long  and  rostrated,  the  tip 
well-rounded,  upper  carinae  straight,  snowy,  lower  ones  very  close 
together  and  fuscous,  the  rostrum  with  exception  of  the  carinae 
reddish-orange.  Eyes  black.  Antennae  short,  reddish,  at  the  base  a 
single  reddish  appendage  longer  than  the  antenna,  much  twisted. 
Elytra  dilated  at  tip,  milky,  somewhat  hyaline,  venation  rosy  gradually 
fading  out  towards  the  base  which  is  immaculate,  interstices  clouded, 
tip  of  apex  in  center  polinose-snowy,  upper  margin  along  the  median 
suture  snowy.  Wings  milky-white,  venation  rosy,  iridescent.  Legs 
pale  without  markings. 

Length  of  body  4:30  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  9  mm.;  elytral 
expansion  15  mm. 

The  writer  took  eleven  adults  on  the  underside  of  ash 
leaves  in  the  hammocks  at  Gainesville,  Fla.,  March  30,  1918, 
and  a  single  specimen  on  underside  of  an  ash  leaf  in  low 
deciduous  woods  near  Tupelo,  Miss.,  July  2,  1921.  Dr.  C. 
J.  Drake  took  a  specimen  sweeping  at  Gainesville,  Fla., 
July  21,  1918. 

Otiocerus  degeerii  KIRBY 
(1819  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  Lond.,  xiii.  p.  16) 

Widely  distributed  over  Ontario  and  the  United  States 
and  is  the  largest  and  most  common  species  of  the  genus. 
Its  color  varies  from  pale  reddish  to  brownish  purple. 


Fig.  32 — Adult  Otiocerus  degeeri  Kirby   (original). 

Body  red,  paler  on  the  upper  part.  Head  long,  rostrum  acutely 
produced  upwards  and  red  in  color;  carinae  snowy,  the  upper  ones 
undulate  and  immaculate,  the  lower  ones  transversely  striated  with 
black.  Antennae  reddish,  more  or  less  cylindrical,  extending  to  the 
lower  margin  of  face,  with  two  appendages  at  the  base  in  both  sexes, 
not  quite  as  large  and  long  as  the  antennae.  Eyes  brown.  Elytra 
smoky-hyaline,  dilated  at  apex;  venation  crimson,  the  interstices  ir- 
rorate  with  round  dark  green  spots;  the  tip  of  apex  polinose-snowy. 
Wings  milky-white,  the  veins  rosy.  Legs  pale,  without  markings. 

Males  are  slightly  smaller  than  the  females. 

132 


Length  of  body  5.50  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  11  mm.;  elytral 
expansion  19  mm. 

The  writer  took  a  specimen  on  willow  at  Marianna, 
Fla.,  and  at  the  following  localities  in  Mississippi:  Tupelo, 
July  1,  1921;  Jonestown,  Sept.,  1915,  J.  L.  E.  Lauderdale. 
A  specimen  was  taken  by  W.  B.  Cartwright  at  Knoxville, 
Tenn.,  Sept.  29,  1919. 

Swezey  (1904  Prel.  Cat.  of  Fulgoridae)  lists  oak,  beech, 
maple  and  hickory  as  food  plants. 

Otiocerus  stollii  KIRBY 
(1819  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  Lond.,  xiii,  p.  16) 

Recorded  from  N.  Y.,  Pa.,  Ga.,  Ohio,  La.,  and  is  also 
found  in  Brazil. 

Of  the  same  dark  color  as  in  degeerii. 

Reddish,  elytra  of  about  the  same  color  of  degeerii  with  large 
white  area  on  apex. 

Body  pale  red.  Head  large  and  pale;  upper  carinae  straight,  poli- 
nose-snowy,  lower  carinae  very  close  together;  antennae  reddish, 
shorter  than  head,  gradually  becoming  a  little  thicker,  the  base  with 
two  reddish  appendages  shorter  than  the  antennae;  eyes  brown. 
Elytra  smoky-hyaline  with  a  more  or  less  carmine  tinge;  a  pale 
rosaceous  vitta  occupies  the  vertex,  the  middle  of  the  thorax,  and 
the  elytral  suture,  as  far  as  the  tip  of  the  clavus,  beyond  which  is 
a  pale  line  that  extends  to  where  the  dilation  of  the  elytra  begins; 
a  large  white  area  at  apex;  venation  reddish.  Wings  smoky-hyaline, 
veins  reddish,  legs  pale,  without  markings. 

Length  of  body  5  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  7  mm.;  elytraj 
expansion  12  mm. 

A  specimen  beaten  from  oak  near  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  by 
E.  P.  Van  Duzee  gives  us  a  clue  as  to  one  of  its  food-plants. 
Specimens  were  taken  on  pecan  at  Agricultural  College, 
Miss.,  Aug.  17,  1915,  by  C.  C.  Greer;  on  same  host  at  Ham- 
burg, Miss.,  Aug.  22,  1911,  by  W.  E.  Dove;  and  beaten  from 
shrubbery  at  Trimcane,  Miss.,  April  19,  1921,  by  the  writer. 
Prof.  Herbert  Osborn  collected  a  single  specimen  while 
beating  a  coniferous  tree,  probably  Juniperus  virginianus, 
at  Biloxi,  Jan.  14,  1922. 


133 


Otiocerus  coquerbertii  KIRBY 
(1819  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  Lond.,  xiii,  p.  18) 

Recorded  from  Ont.,  N.  H.,  N.  Y.,  Pa.,  N.  C.,  Ga.,  111., 
Minn.,  Texas. 

A  very  strikingly  colored  species,  approaching  degeerii 
in  size,  easily  distinguished  from  the  other  species. 

Ground  color  pale,  relieved  by  a  broad  band  of  red. 

Body  pale.  Head  large,  rostrate,  a  broad  red  band  on  each  side; 
upper  carinae  pale,  sinuous,  lower  ones  pale;  antennae  reddish,  short, 
clavate,  at  the  base  two  reddish  appendages  larger  than  the  antennae; 
eyes  greenish.  Elytra  of  a  pale  yellowish-white  ground  color,  relieved 
by  a  broad  band  of  red,  extending  from  the  tip  of  the  head  across 
the  eye  and  thorax,  and  along  near  the  elytral  suture  to  the  tip  of  the 
clavus,  where  it  forks,  one  branch  bordering  the  inner  apical  margin, 
the  other  deflected  to  the  apex  of  the  costa,  a  dash  of  red  lying  just 
beneath  this  band  as  it  runs  along  near  the  suture.  Wings  clear 
hyaline,  immaculate.  Legs  pale,  without  markings. 

Length  of  body  6  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  8.75  mm.;  elytral 
expansion  18.5  mm. 

Hickory,  grape,  oak,  beech  and  maple  are  given  by 
Swezey  as  food-plants. 

Otiocerus  francilloni  KIRBY 
(1819  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  Lond.,  xiii,  p.  17) 

Recorded  from  N.  J.  and  Georgia. 

Very  like  stollii  but  larger.  Body  pale,  in  no  degree  red.  Head 
darkly  clouded,  the  lower  carinae  darkly  spotted.  Antennae  blackish, 
the  basal  appendages  white.  The  entire  elytra  darkly  spotted  and 
not  immaculate  at  the  base;  an  indistinct,  broken,  oblique  band  above, 
composed  of  black  dots  and  spots,  and  also  with  three  blackish  spots 
on  the  posterior  margin.  Wings  marked  on  the  inside  near  the  base 
with  blackish.  Abdomen  with  a  black  dot  on  each  side  of  ventral 
segments. 

Otiocerus  amyotii  FITCH 
(1856  Trans.  N.  Y.  St.  Agr.  Soc.,  xvi,  p.  394) 

Recorded  from  N.  Y.,  Pa.,  Ga.,  Ohio,  Iowa. 
A  very  strikingly  colored   species  and  easily  distin- 
guished. 

Light  yellow,  elytra  pale  sulphur  yellow,  with  a  brown  band  or 
stripe.  Body  light  yellow.  Head  large,  rostrate,  an  orange-red  stripe 
on  each  side  from  the  eye  to  the  forward  edge  below  the  apex;  upper 

134 


carinae  slightly  sinuous  and  polinose-snowy,  lower  ones  faintly  fus- 
cous; three  brown  stripes  on  the  thorax;  antennae  in  the  females 
with  two  long  appendages;  eyes  brown.  Elytra  pale  sulphur  yellow, 
with  a  brown  stripe  from  the  base  to  the  middle  of  the  inner  margin 
and  thence  to  the  outer  tip;  a  row  of  blackish  dots  on  the  hind  edge 
alternating  with  the  ends  of  the  apical  veins,  and  about  six  dots 
forward  of  the  innermost  of  these,  placed  on  the  tips  of  the  subapical 
and  on  the  bases  of  the  apical  veins;  venation  almost  concolorous  with 
the  ground  color,  slightly  darker.  Wings  white,  with  iridescent 
reflections.  Legs  pale,  tarsi  slightly  fuscous. 

Length  of  body  4.7  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  10  mm.;  elytral 
expansion  17  mm. 

Occurs  on  hickory  and  other  forest  trees. 

Otiocerus  wolfii  KIRBY 
(1819  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  Lond.,  xii,  p.  15) 

Recorded  from  N.  Y.,  Pa.,  Ga.,  Ohio  and  Iowa. 

Resembling  amyotii  very  much  but  having  the  orange- 
red  stripe  on  side  of  the  head  from  the  eyes  obliquely  up- 
wards to  apex  where  it  ends  in  a  black  streak,  and  the 
elytra  with  three  faint  blackish  dots  placed  outside  of  the 
brown  band. 

Body  pale  yellow,  mesothorax  slightly  darker  along  median  line. 
Head  large,  rostrate,  apex  pointed,  an  orange-red  stripe  on  each  side 
from  the  eye  obliquely  upwards  to  the  apex  of  rostrum  where  it 
ends  in  a  fine  black  streak;  upper  carinae  sinuous  and  polinose- 
snowy,  the  lower  ones  faintly  fuscous.  Eyes  brown.  Antennae  clavate, 
reddish;  the  female  with  a  single  pale  yellowish  basal  appendage, 
longer  than  the  antennae.  Elytra  yellowish,  a  faint  brownish  stripe 
extending  from  the  base  to  the  middle  of  the  inner  margin  and  thence 
obliquely  to  the  lower  tip;  a  row  of  blackish  dots  on  the  hind  edge, 
alternating  with  the  ends  of  the  apical  veins  and  about  six  dots 
forward  of  the  innermost  of  these,  placed  on  the  tips  of  the  sub- 
apical  and  on  the  bases  of  the  apical  veins;  in  addition,  the  elytra 
have  three  faint  blackish  dots  in  a  row,  outside  of  the  brown  stripe, 
one  of  these  dots  being  placed  near  the  base  of  each  of  the  discoidal 
cells.  Wings  milky.  Legs  pale. 

Length  of  body  5  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  10.25  mm.;  elytral 
expansion  17  mm. 

Redescribed  from  a  female  taken  by  the  writer  on 
sycamore  at  Pickens,  Miss.,  July  16,  1921,  and  a  female 
in  the  Osborn  collection  taken  by  W.  S.  Blatchley  in  Florida. 
Fitch  records  this  species  as  occurring  on  walnut  bushes. 


135 


Otiocerus  ballii  McATEE 
(1923  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  vol.  36,  pp.  45-46) 

This  species,  carried  by  the  writer  in  manuscript  for 
many  years,  has  recently  been  described  by  McAtee  from 
material  collected  at  Glen  Echo,  Md.  Through  the  courtesy 
of  Mr.  McAtee  the  writer  has  been  able  to  study  para- 
type  specimens  of  this  species  in  the  U.  S.  National  Mu- 
seum. 

The  species  is  easily  distinguished  by  its  elongate  bluntly 
rostrate  head  with  a  broad  orange-red  stripe  on  the  sides 
of  the  same. 

Body  pale  yellowish-white,  the  dorsum  of  the  abdomen  partially 
orange-red.  Head  very  elongate,  rostrate,  with  the  tip  rounded;  upper 
carinae  scarcely  sinuated,  polinose-snowy;  on  each  side  a  broad 
orange-red  band  from  the  eye  to  the  apex,  covering  the  lower  two* 
thirds  of  the  side;  this  band  runs  along  the  sides  of  the  thorax  and 
is  continued  onto  the  base  of  the  elytra  by  the  longitudinal  nerves 
which  are  orange  on  their  basal  third.  Antennae  very  long,  slender 
and  enlarged  lightly  at  tip;  very  difficult  to  distinguish  from  the 
single,  worm-like,  much  twisted,  basal  appendage  which  is  shorter 
than  the  antennae  in  this  species;  both  antenna  and  appendage  are 
reddish.  Eyes  dark  brown.  Elytra  subhyaline,  the  clavus  trans- 
parent and  clear,  the  veins  prominently  pinkish  with  the  cells  ir- 
regularly clouded  with  gray.  Wings  iridescent  hyaline,  the  veins  rosy. 
Legs  pale. 

Length  of  body  3.5  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  6  mm.;  elytral 
expansion  13  mm. 

The  above  description  was  made  from  a  male  taken  by 
the  writer  while  sweeping  undergrowth  in  Okatibbee  swamp 
near  Meridian,  Miss.,  Aug.  14,  1921,  and  a  female  taken 
by  C.  J.  Drake  in  a  swamp  near  Leland,  Miss.,  Sept.  15, 
1921. 

McAtee  adequately  describes  the  genitalia  as  follows:  "Male  genital 
segment  with  a  median  triangular  process  rounded  apically,  claspers 
widely  separated  at  base,  the  general  trend  of  their  inner  margins 
toward  each  other,  overlapping  at  apices  which  are  pointed  and  re- 
curved, each  clasper  bearing  on  inner  margin  at  about  a  third  of  its 
length  from  base  a  short,  broad  process,  the  posterior  angle  of  which 
is  produced  as  an  upwardly  and  anteriorly  curved  hook;  aedeagus 
narrowed  opposite  these  processes,  its  apex  with  two  anteriorly 
directed  tapering,  curved  and  acutely  pointed  processes.  Female  geni- 
tal segment  broadly  triangularly  produced." 


136 


Otiocerus  abbotii  KIRBY 
(1819  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  Lond.,  xiii,  p.  17) 

Recorded  from  N.  Y.,  Ga.  and  Florida. 

Body  very  pale  reddish.  Head  with  the  upper  carinae  rather 
straight  and  snowy-polinose;  lower  margin  of  rostrum,  viewed  from 
the  side,  rounding  to  rather  angular  apex.  Antennae  short,  subclavate, 
reddish,  a  single,  very  much  twisted,  basal  appendage,  longer  than 
the  antenna.  Elytra  milky-white,  sparsely  dotted  with  black,  the  base 
immaculate  however.  Wings  milky,  iridescent.  Legs  pale  testaceous. 

Length  of  body  4.50  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  9.5  mm.;  elytral 
expansion  16.5  mm. 

The  writer  has  for  study  a  single  female  taken  by  Win. 
T.  Davis  at  Clayton,  Ga.,  June,  1909.  Fitch  records  taking 
a  pair  on  oak  in  New  York. 

Otiocerus  kirbyii  FITCH 
(1851  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  46) 

Recorded  only  from  the  state  of  New  York. 

Body  pale  whitish.  Elytra  whitish  with  a  faint  somewhat  broken 
band  extending  from  the  base  to  the  middle  of  the  inner  margin  and 
then  obliquely  to  outer  margin  of  apex,  and  with  numerous  sparsely 
scattered  faint  brownish  dots.  Wings  milky.  Legs  pale. 

Length  of  body  4  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  8  mm.;  elytral 
expansion  13  mm. 

There  is  a  female  specimen  in  the  U.  S.  National  Mu- 
seum taken  at  Selma,  Ala.,  Oct.  20,  by  W.  H.  Gates  and  a 
male  taken  by  the  writer  beating  a  Japanese  walnut  tree 
at  Lexington,  Miss.,  July  16,  1921,  that  appears  to  be  this 
species.  The  short  description  by  Fitch  is  inadequate  to 
make  absolutely  sure  of  the  identity  of  these  southern 
specimens. 

The  following  descriptive  notes  made  from  these  speci- 
mens may  aid  in  more  definitely  placing  this  species. 

Nearest  to  abbotii  in  lateral  outline  of  rostrum,  coloration  and 
wing  maculation  although  in  this  species  some  of  the  elytral  spots 
form  an  interrupted  vitta.  If  its  color  were  yellowish  instead  of 
distinct  white  it  would  resemble  very  closely  wolfii.  Rostrum  from 
lateral  view  distinctly  angulate  as  in  Fig.  31.  Antennae  rope-like, 
very  dark  brown,  with  one  basal  appendage  which  is  lighter  in  color 
and  is  as  long  as  the  antenna  itself.  Both  antenna  and  appendage 
is  much  stouter  and  shorter  than  those  of  abbotii  which  are  long. 
General  color  white,  irregular  brown  spots  in  cells  and  also  forming 
a  faint  more  or  less  interrupted  vitta.  Elytra  and  body  white,  the 
abdomen  unspotted.  Length  to  tip  of  elytra  8  mm. 

137 


Otiocerus  signoretii  FITCH 
(1856  Trans.  N.  Y.  St.  Agr.  Soc.,  xvi,  p.  394) 

Recorded  from  N.  Y.,  la.,  Mo.,  Ark.,  and  Texas. 
Quite  similar  to  reaumurii,  but  with  the  dots  on  the 
elytra  differently  placed. 

Body  pale  yellow.  Carinae  of  upper  side  of  the  head  minutely 
toothed,  those  of  the  lower  side  edged  by  a  slender  coal  black  line. 
Antennae  short,  scarcely  reaching  to  the  eye,  but  with  one  basal 
appendage  of  about  the  same  length.  Eyes  dark  brown.  Elytra  very 
pale  hyaline  yellow,  with  a  broad  dusky  cloud-like  stripe  from  the 
base  to  the  middle  of  the  inner  margin,  and  extending  thence  obliquely 
across  to  the  outer  margin  at  its  tip,  and  sending  a  very  broad 
cloudy  branch  to  the  tip  of  the  inner  margin;  a  large  blackish  dot 
anteriorly,  on  the  inner  side  of  the  dusky  stripe,  situated  in  the 
middle  of  the  subaxillary  cell,  and  four  dots  on  the  outer  side  of  the 
stripe,  placed  at  the  angles  of  an  imaginary  square,  the  outermost 
one  of  these  dots  being  in  the  middle  of  the  outer  or  costal  cell; 
veins  yellow,  posteriorly  red.  Wings  whitish  hyaline,  the  veins  rosy. 
Legs  pale. 

Length  of  body  5  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  9  mm.;  elytral 
expansion  16  mm. 

The  writer  has  on  hand  for  study  a  series  of  five  females 
taken  at  Ames,  la.,  by  Prof.  H.  Osborn. 

Otiocerus  reaumurii  KIRBY 
(1819  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  Lond.,  xiii,  p.  18) 

This  species  has  not  been  retaken  since  the  original 
description,  and  is  known  only  from  Georgia. 

Body  pale,  rather  faintly  tinged  with  red.  Head  with  the  upper 
carinae  straight  and  snowy-polinose.  Eyes  golden.  Antennae  lacking 
in  the  type  specimen.  Elytra  with  a  broad,  subarcuate  band,  widening 
at  apex,  and  with  five  blackish  dots  on  top,  three  on  the  vitta  itself; 
veins  reddish.  Wings  rather  milkish  and  iridescent. 

THE  GENUS  AMALOPOTA  VAN  DUZEE 

This  genus  is  very  near  Anotia  and  forms  a  connecting 
link  between  it  and  Otiocerus.  It  is  difficult  to  distinguish 
from  Anotia  in  a  key  but  is  more  definitely  marked  in 
coloration  than  the  latter,  and  has  a  somewhat  broader 
costa  and  the  apical  cells  are  a  little  longer  and  more 
regular. 

There  have  been  only  two  species  described  in  the  genus, 

138 


both  of  which  have  been  taken  by  the  writer  in  Mississippi. 
A  third  species  is  here  described  for  the  first  time. 

Members  of  this  genus  hold  their  wings  in  a  character- 
istic horizontal  position  backwards.  So  far  as  is  known 
they  are  all  bush  and  tree-loving  forms  with  a  number  of 
different  hosts. 

Key  to  the  species. 

Color  pale  sanguineous,  elytra  transparent  milky-white,  dusky  at 

base mcateei  Dozier 

Color  pale  sanguineous,  elytra  transparent  with  basal  third  and 

a  broad  band  before  the  apex,  fuscous uhleri  Van  D. 

Color   pale   yellowish-white,   elytra   smoky,   twice   banded   with 

white,  hyaline  areas  reflecting  iridescence fitchi  Van  D. 

Amalopota  uhleri  VAN  DUZEE 
(1889  Can.  Ent,  xxi,  p.  178) 

Recorded  from  Ont,  N.  Y.  and  111. 

Beautifully  marked  species.  Pale  sanguineous,  elytra  transparent 
with  the  basal  third  and  a  broad  band  before  the  apex  fuscous,  the 
latter  marked  with  sanguineous  towards  the  costa.  The  whole  insect, 
when  fresh,  covered  with  a  white  bloom,  most  conspicuous  on  the 
face  and  abdomen. 

Body  color  sanguineous,  the  head,  thorax  and  antennae  fulvous, 
the  abdomen  deep  sanguineous.  Head,  viewed  from  the  side,  with 
carinae  and  vertex  gradually  rounded;  vertex  very  narrow,  the  carinae 
crested  with  white,  rostrum  pale.  Eyes  greenish-brown.  Ocelli  pale. 
Antennae  of  the  female  pale  reddish-brown,  cylindrical,  reaching  to 
the  tip  of  the  head;  the  second  segment  somewhat  compressed,  a 
little  widened  at  the  apex,  which  is  obliquely  and  concavely  trun- 
cated for  the  reception  of  the  seta  or  bristle;  in  the  male  this  second 
segment  is  a  little  longer  and  wider  than  in  the  female,  and  is  more 
compressed,  with  the  margins  thickened  and  the  surface  more  dis- 
tinctly papillated;  a  minute  notch,  almost  at  the  end,  bears  a  bristle 
which  is  a  little  longer  than  the  width  of  the  segment.  Pronotum 
widened  to  an  almost  quadrangular  scale  behind  the  eye;  the  central 
carina  of  the  scutellum  inconspicuous,  the  lateral  carinae  almost 
obsolete.  Elytra,  when  closed,  extending  about  two-thirds  of  their 
length  beyond  the  abdomen,  transparent,  the  basal  third  smoky- 
brown  excepting  the  humerus  and  costal  region;  a  broad  brown  band 
occupies  the  apical  third  of  the  costa,  and  narrows  to  about  one-half 
of  this  width  at  the  internal  apical  angle,  omits  six  of  the  apical 
areoles;  the  veins  are  sanguineous  within  the  limits  of  the  brown, 
apical  band,  and  in  the  stigmatal  region  are  broadly  bordered  with 
the  same  color;  there  are  veins  of  this  color  also  in  the  basal  brown 

139 


patch,  elsewhere  they  are  concolorous  with  the  transparent  elytra. 
Wings  clear,  with  fuscous  tip  and  area  at  base  smoky,  slightly  dif- 
fused. Legs  clear  whitish,  the  posterior  femora  more  or  less  invaded 
with  sanguineous. 

Length  of  body  3  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  8  mm.;  elytral 
expansion  15  mm. 

Beaten  by  Van  Duzee  from  maple  in  the  state  of  New 
York.  Two  specimens  were  taken  by  C.  J.  Drake  at  Gaines- 
ville, Fla.,  May  4,  1918.  The  writer  took  several  specimens 
in  deep  deciduous  woods,  one  of  these  on  the  underside 
of  a  wild  cherry  leaf  at  Port  Gibson,  Miss.,  July  21,  1921, 
and  a  specimen  was  taken  by  C.  J.  Drake  at  Natchez,  Miss., 
July  23,  1921.  Mr.  Geo.  G.  Ainslie  collected  a  specimen 
sweeping  in  woods  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  Sept.  13,  1915. 

Amalopota  fitchi  VAN  DUZEE 
(1893  Can.  Ent.,  xxv,  p.  280) 

Recorded  from  N.  Y.,  Pa.,  N.  C.,  and  Kansas. 

Slightly  smaller  than  the  preceding  and  differently  marked  in 
coloration.  Pale  yellowish-white,  the  elytra  smoky,  twice  banded  with 
white,  iridescent  reflecting. 

Body  color  pale  yellowish-white,  the  sides  of  the  face  with  a  faint 
transverse  carmine  band  between  the  base  of  the  antennae  and  the 
eye  which  is  extended  along  the  sides  of  the  thorax  where  it  becomes 
darker.  Vertex  slightly  shorter  and  broader  posteriorly  than  in  uhleri, 
hind  margin  very  feebly  emarginate,  apex  of  the  pronotum  not  ad- 
vanced beyond  the  base  of  the  lateral  carinae;  the  vertex,  if  viewed 
from  the  side,  is  more  angularly  and  slightly  farther  produced  than  in 
uhleri,  and  with  a  more  conspicuous  notch  at  the  base  of  the  clypeus. 
Antennae  distinctly  reddish  in  color,  long,  flattened,  slightly  narrowed 
at  base,  obliquely  cut  off  at  tip,  with  the  setigerous  notch  deeper  than 
in  uhleri.  Eyes  black.  Ocelli  apparently  lacking.  Beak  attaining  the 
apex  of  the  hind  coxae,  the  tip  black.  Elytra,  when  closed,  extending 
about  two-thirds  of  their  length  beyond  the  abdomen,  fuscous;  a 
basal  yellowish  spot  on  the  costa  including  the  rounded  elytral  ap- 
pendage; beyond  this  are  two  rounded  spots,  a  broad  transverse 
median  band  not  touching  the  costa,  and  a  large  angular  spot  on 
the  third  and  fourth  subapical  areoles  sending  a  branch  to  the  apex 
of  the  costa  and  another  to  the  middle  of  the  apical  margin,  whitish- 
hyaline;  the  narrow  costal  area  white  with  four  brown  spots,  the 
stigmatal  deeper  and  crossed  at  apex  by  a  heavy  carmine  veinlet; 
the  venation  nearly  the  same  as  in  uhleri  but  with  fewer  apical 
areoles,  these  being  ten  in  number  from  the  tip  of  the  clavus  to  the 
apex  of  the  subcostal  nervure;  subapical  areoles  six,  of  which  the 
first  (outer)  is  large  and  oblong,  the  second  small  and  triangular, 

140 


and  the  third  the  longest;  venation  white  except  carmine  red  in  the 
stigmatal  region.    Legs  pale  yellowish-white. 

Length  of  body  2.5  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  6  mm.;  elytral 
expansion  11  mm. 

A  specimen  was  taken  by  the  writer  while  beating  at 
Weir,  Miss.,  July  14,  1921.  Mr.  George  G.  Ainslie  collected 
this  species  by  beating  at  Hurricane  Mills,  Tenn.  The  wild 
cherry  and  hickory  have  been  recorded  as  host  plants. 

Amalopota  mcateei,  new  species 

Resembling  A.  uhleri  very  closely  but  lacking  the  red 
bands  on  the  elytra. 

Body  pale  sanguineous,  the  abdomen  distinctly  red,  the  vertex  and 
thorax  pale  testaceous.  Antennae  pale,  usually  tinged  with  reddish, 
the  second  segment  long  and  flattened.  Head,  viewed  from  the  side, 
with  vertex  and  carinae  gradually  rounded.  Eyes  dark  brown  to 
black.  Ocelli  lacking.  Elytra,  when  closed,  extending  about  two- 
thirds  of  their  length  beyond  the  abdomen,  translucent,  subhyaline, 
pale  milky- white  in  color,  faintly  dusky  at  base;  the  veins  pale,  be- 
coming sanguineous  at  the  base  of  the  elytra;  the  inner  margin  at 
apex  sometimes  with  faint  traces  of  sanguineous.  Wings  transparent, 
the  veins,  pale,  faintly  sanguineous  at  their  base.  Legs  yellowish. 
The  hind  femora  more  or  less  invaded  with  sanguineous. 

Length  of  body  2.50-2.75  mm.;  length  to  tip  of  elytra  5.75-6  mm.; 
elytral  expansion  11  mm. 


Fig.  33 — Adult  Amalopota  mcateei  Dozier,  greatly  enlarged  (original) . 

141 


Described  from  a  series  of  three  males  and  a  female 
taken  by  the  writer  on  the  underside  of  leaves  of  iron- 
wood,  Carpinus  caroliniana,  at  Yokena,  Miss.,  July  20, 
1921,  and  a  female  taken  on  the  underside  of  a  leaf  of  the 
French  mulberry,  Callicarpa  americana,  at  Vicksburg,  Miss., 
July  18,  1921. 

Following  the  time-honored  custom  of  dedicating  species 
in  the  Derbinae  to  prominent  hemipterists  I  take  pleasure 
in  naming  this  interesting  species  after  W.  L.  McAtee  who 
has  contributed  much  to  our  knowledge  of  the  group. 

THE  GENUS  ANOTIA  KIRBY 

This  genus  was  erected  in  1819  by  Kirby  with  Anotia 
bonnetii  as  the  type.  It  is  characterized  chiefly  by  the  great 
length  of  the  antennae,  which  are  long  and  more  or  less 
cylindrical  in  some  species  and  in  others  flat  on  both  sides 
and  notched  at  the  tip  to  receive  the  seta,  and  all  are 
destitute  of  basal  appendages.  In  all  of  the  North  American 
species  known  there  are  a  number  of  oblique  sanguineous 
veinlets  along  the  costal  margins  of  the  elytra  towards  the 
apex.  Anotia  species  are  very  gauzy-winged  and  are  ex- 
tremely delicate. 

Members  of  the  genus  are  rare,  usually  being  collected 
one  or  two  specimens  at  a  time  at  long  intervals;  hence 
the  writer  does  not  have  material  adequate  for  preparation 
of  a  key  and  uniform  descriptions.  Seven  species  were 
described  in  the  "Biologia  Oentrali-Americana"  and  there 
have  been  six  described  from  the  United  States. 

Most  of  these,  so  far  as  known,  are  bush  and  tree-in- 
habiting forms  and  are  found  in  low  humid  deciduous 
woods.  Fitch  states  that  his  westwoodi  is  met  with  fre- 
quently upon  grasses  and  on  willows  in  lowland  meadows 
in  New  York  from  August  until  the  end  of  the  season. 

Anotia  bonnetii  KIRBY 
(1819  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  London,  xiii,  p.  21,  fig.  1) 

This  species  is  recorded  from  Ont,  N.  Y.,  Ga.  and  Kan- 
sas. 

Body  pale.    Head  triangular,  with  a  golden  line  leading  from  the 
eyes  to  apex  of  the  rostrum.    Eyes  pale.    Antennae  longer  than  the 

142 


head.  Elytra  pale  clear  yellowish,  spotted  hyaline;  an  oblique  nerve 
behind  the  middle  black,  costa  towards  the  apex  with  fine  transverse, 
sanguineous  veins;  on  the  apex  itself  are  four  blackish  dots.  Wings 
subhyaline. 

Elytral  expansion  about  11  mm. 
Nothing  is  known  of  its  food  plants  or  life  history. 

Anotia  westwoodi  FITCH 
(1856  Trans.  N.  Y.  State  Agr.  Soc.,  xvi,  p.  394) 

Recorded  from  New  York,  Ohio,  and  Kansas. 

This  species  was  for  a  long  time  confused  with  bonnetii 
but  the  elytra  have  no  tint  of  yellow  and  none  of  their 
veinlets  are  black. 

The  original  description  is  here  quoted. 

"Differs  from  Bonnetii,  in  that  the  wing  covers  have  no  tint  of 
yellow,  and  none  of  their  veinlets  are  black.  The  veins  and  veinlets 
are  pallid,  and  for  the  most  part  are  broadly  margined  with  pale 
brown,  which  color  also  forms  an  irregular  band  before  and  another 
behind  the  middle,  leaving  large  whitish  hyaline  spots  in  the  inter- 
vals. The  rib  vein  commonly  shows  three  or  four  blackish  alterna- 
tions forward  of  its  middle,  and  there  is  also  a  short  black  streak 
upon  the  middle  of  the  inner  margin.  The  wings  are  whitish  hyaline 
with  a  blue  iridescence,  and  their  veins  are  slender  and  whitish  with 
the  veinlet  at  the  apex  of  the  outer  discoidal  cell  robust,  black,  and 
slightly  margined  with  brown.  The  thorax  is  pale  yellow,  smooth 
and  shining,  with  three  elevated  white  longitudinal  lines. 

Length  0.15;  to  tip  of  the  wings  0.25;  width  0.45." 

Anotia  burnetii  FlTCH 
(1856  Trans.  N.  Y.  State  Agr.  Soc.,  xvi,  p.  395) 

Recorded  from  New  York,  No.  Car.  and  Illinois. 

Very  closely  related  to  bonnetii  but  readily  distinguished  from 
westwoodi,  bonnetii,  and  robertsonii  by  having  a  black  strip  above 
along  the  middle  of  the  three  first  segments  of  its  abdomen.  Body 
white.  Elytra  milky- white,  subhyaline,  with  faint  clouds  of  a  more 
dusky  tinge  forming  about  three  imperfect  bands;  the  three  veinlets 
on  the  disk  blackish.  Same  size  as  bonnetii. 

Fitch  states  that  a  single  specimen  was  taken  by  Albert 
G.  Burnet,  upon  ash  bushes  beside  the  Henderson  river  in 
Illinois.  The  writer  took  a  female  on  a  French  mulberry 
(Callicarpa  americana)  on  a  hillside  near  Vicksburg,  Miss., 
July  18,  1921,  and  several  on  the  underside  of  leaves  of 

143 


iron  wood,  Carpinus  caroliniana,  at  Yokena,  Miss.,  July  20, 
1921.  These  specimens  were  compared  with  material  in  the 
Ball  collection  determined  as  this  species. 

Anotia  robertsonii  FITCH 
(1856  Trans.  N.  Y.  State  Agr.  Soc.,  xvi,  p.  395) 

Fitch  states  "Very  similar  to  the  Burnetii,  appearing  to  differ 
only  in  having  the  tips  of  the  antennae  and  its  feet  blackish  or  dusky 
and  the  back  of  the  abdomen  white  without  any  blackish  discoloration. 
Two  specimens  sent  me  from  west  of  Arkansas,  by  W.  S.  Robertson." 

The  species  has  never  been  re-taken  since  the  original 
collection. 

Anotia  Kirkaldyi  BALL 
(1902  Can.  Ent.,  34,  p.  259) 

The  original  description  is  here  quoted. 

"Form  and  general  appearance  of  Amalopota  fitchi,  but 
broader  and  less  definitely  marked.  Form  of  A.  Burnetii , 
but  with  a  sharp  head  and  blunter  elytra.  Length,  including 
elytra,  6.5  mm. 

Vertex  slightly  broader  than  in  Burnetii,  inclined  upward,  nearly 
flat,  not  rounding  over  at  apex  as  in  that  species;  elytra  broader 
towards  apices  than  in  Burnetii;  venation  very  similar,  but  with  the 
median  nervure  not  forked  beyond  the  cross-vein,  and  the  first  branch 
of  the  post-costal  nervure  coming  off  close  to  the  cross-vein  and  at 
nearly  right  angles  to  the  nervure.  Costal  appendix  larger  than  in 
Burnetii,  obliquely  truncate  posteriorly. 

Color:  pale  creamy,  slightly  tinged  with  testaceous,  a  pale  testa- 
ceous stripe  runs  from  the  eye  forward  to  the  apex  of  vertex,  and 
another  from  below  the  eye  downward  to  the  front;  elytra  milky 
subhyaline,  a  faint  smoky  or  testaceous  spot  near  base,  a  smoky 
transverse  band  half  way  to  apex  of  clypeus,  another  partial  band 
extending  to  the  sutural  margin,  down  the  median  to  the  cross  ner- 
vure, and  then  out  that  to  the  post-costal;  beyond  this  nearly  all  the 
nervures  are  broadly  smoky  margined,  leaving  a  light  patch  in 
each  anteapical  cell  and  a  light  spot  on  apex  of  each  apical  nervure; 
the  costal  margin  beyond  the  middle,  the  costal  nervures,  the  apical 
margin,  the  apical  nervures,  except  their  apices  and  a  section  of  the 
postcostal  beyond  the  cross  nervure,  testaceous. 

Described  from  a  single  specimen  collected  by  the  author, 
at  Ames,  Iowa." 

A  specimen  collected  by  the  writer  at  Lucedale,  Miss., 
Sept.  11,  1920,  was  compared  with  the  type  in  the  Ball 
collection  and  although  slightly  lighter  in  markings,  prob- 
ably is  this  species. 

144 


Anotia  Sayi  BALL 
(1902  Can.  Ent,  34,  p.  259) 

The  original  description  is  here  quoted. 

"Resembling  Burnetii  in  form,  but  much  larger,  as  large 
as  Otiocerus.  Costal  appendage  very  long;  color  yellowish; 
elytra  white,  with  a  transverse  fuscous  band  before  the 
middle.  Length,  11  mm.  to  the  tip  of  elytra. 

Vertex  but  little  rounded  above,  the  apex  slightly  rounder  than  in 
Kirkaldyi.  Second  joint  of  antennae  very  large,  consisting  of  a  long, 
flat  plate  thickest  on  the  margins  and  studded  with  fine  knobs; 
elytra  very  large,  venation  as  in  Burnetii  nearly,  the  outer  branch 
of  the  median  nervure  straight,  the  cross  nervures  at  the  apices  of 
the  elytra  in  a  straight  line;  costal  appendage  as  long  as  the  second 
joint  of  antennae,  strap-shaped  towards  apex,  the  posterior  margin 
nearly  straight,  anterior  margin  sloping  off  to  the  base  of  the  costa; 
the  whole  appendix  curved  back  across  the  corium,  with  the  apex 
on  the  claval  suture. 

Color:  pale  straw;  eyes  black;  elytra  milky  at  base,  a  fuscous 
band  at  one-third  the  distance  from  base,  beyond  this  subhyaline, 
with  the  nervures  faintly  brown  as  far  as  the  apical  nervures.  Pos- 
terior margin  of  appendage,  and  sometimes  a  spot  near  the  outer 
corner  of  scutellum,  fuscous. 

Described  from  two  females  collected  at  Albion,  N.  Y., 
by  E.  P.  Van  Duzee." 

THE  GENUS  MYSIDIA  WESTWOOD 

Many  of  the  members  of  this  genus  closely  resemble 
certain  whitish  geometrid  moths.  They  run  very  swiftly 
on  the  upper  surface  of  leaves  or  when  caught  in  a  net, 
with  their  wings  partially  raised.  The  genus  is  a  tropical 
one,  at  least  nine  species  occurring  in  Central  America. 


flfcu 


Fig.  34 — Adult  Mysidia  mississippiensis  Dozier,  enlarged   (original), 

145 


Heretofore  no  species  has  been  reported  from  North  Amer- 
ica. 

For  the  most  part  members  of  this  genus  are  white  and 
more  or  less  opaque;  the  head  is  narrow  and  compressed; 
the  antennae  have  the  first  joint  short,  the  second  large 
and  swollen,  more  or  less  pointed  or  truncate,  the  third 
consisting  of  a  fine  seta ;  the  elytra  are  very  long  and  rather 
narrow,  much  larger  than  the  wings,  both  vitreous,  with  the 
veins  very  light  in  color  with  occasional  more  or  less  ob- 
scure markings.  One  of  the  best  characteristics  is  the  large 
number  of  long,  narrow,  and  very  regular  apical  areas. 

Mysidia  mississippiensis  DOZIER 
(1922  Ohio  Jr.  of  Sci.,  xxii,  p.  82) 

Head,  antennae,  pronotum  and  scutellum  yellowish,  covered  more 
or  less  with  whitish  powder,  the  abdomen  with  greenish  tinge.  Head 
very  narrow,  compressed,  distinctly  produced  before  the  eyes  and 
plainly  longer  than  the  pronotum.  Eyes  dark  brown.  Pronotum 
narrow  with  the  sides  flaring-like.  Elytra  and  wings  translucent,  of 
a  milky- white  color,  venation  distinctly  but  not  strongly  marked; 
the  elytra  long  and  rather  narrow,  with  very  light  fuscous  areas 
especially  along  the  transverse  veins  and  a  distinct  fuscous  patch 
near  the  middle  of  posterior  margin.  Abdominal  plates  meet  in  a 
median  ridge.  Legs  very  slender,  testaceous. 

Length  of  body,  male  2.50,  female  3  mm.;  elytral  expansion,  male 
15,  female  17  mm. 

Described  from  a  female  taken  by  the  writer  while 
sweeping  Arundinaria  tecta  and  grass  in  Okatibbee  Swamp 
near  Meridian,  Miss.,  Aug.  14,  1921,  and  a  series  of  two 
females  and  a  male  taken  by  C.  J.  Drake  in  a  swamp  near 
Leland,  Miss.,  Sept.  15,  1921.  Four  adults  were  taken  by 
W.  G.  Bradley  and  T.  H.  Jones  at  Magnolia,  La.,  June  11, 
1923. 


Fig.  35 — Adult  Delphacid,  Kelisia  axialis  Van  Duzee,  greatly  enlarged 

(original). 
146 


ALPHABETICAL  INDEX  TO  THE  GENERA  AND  SPECIES 


Acanalonia  p.  107;  bivittata  p. 
109,  conica  p.  Ill;  latifrons  p. 
108,  pumila  p.  109,  servillei  p. 
110. 

Amalopota  p.  138;  mcateei  p.  141, 
fitchi  p.  140,  uhleri  p.  139. 

Amcyle  vernalis.  p.  22. 

Anotia  p.  142  bonnetii  p.  142,  bur- 
netii  p.  143,  kirkaldyi  p.  144, 
robertsonii  p.  144,  sayi  p.  145, 
westwoodi  p.  143. 

Aphelonema  p.  96;  simplex  var. 
simplex  p.  97;  var.  obscura  p. 
98;  var.  dor&ata  p.  99;  var.  de- 
corata  p.  99;  nigriviridia  p. 
100;  viridis  p.  101. 

Bothriocera  p.  55;  bicornis  p.  56 
tinealis  var.  westwoodi  p.  56. 

Bruchomorpha  p.  88,  bicolor  p. 
95,  bimaculata  p.  94,  dorsata  p. 
91,  jocosa  p.  93,  minima  p.  95, 
mormo  p.  96,  nasuta  p.  91, 
oculata  p.  90,  pallidipes  p.  93, 
suturalis  p.  92,  tristis  p.  93. 

Calyptoproctus  marmoratus  p.  23. 

Catonia  p.  46;  bicinctura  p.  48, 
Carolina  p.  52,  cinctifrons  p.  51, 
dimidiata  p.  49,  grisea  p.  50,  im- 
punctata  p.  49,  luella  p.  53, 
lunata  p.  54,  picta  p.  47,  pini  p. 
53,  nava  p.  52. 

Cedusa  p.  122;  bedusa  p.  124,  ce- 
dusa,  p.  123,  edentula  p.  124, 
gedusa  p.  123,  hedusa  p.  123, 
incisa  p.  125,  kedusa  p.  123, 
maculata  p.  125,  mallochi  p. 
125,  obscura  p.  123,  vulgaris 
p.  123. 

Cenchrea  p.  126;  fulva  p.  127, 
heidemanni  p.  126,  mcateei  p. 
128,  uhleri  p.  129. 


Cixius  p.  69;  basalis  p.  71,  dor- 
sivittatus  p.  68,  misellus  p.  72, 
pini  p.  70,  stigmatus  p.  72. 

•Cotyleceps  p.  67;  delicata  p.  68, 
aspersa  p.  68. 

Cyarda  melichari  p.  120. 

Cyrpoptus  p.  24;  belfragei  p.  25, 
nubeculosus  p.  27,  reineckei  p. 
26. 

Dictyophora  p.  30;  dioxys  p.  34, 
florens  p.  32;  lingula  p.  33,  mic- 
rorhina  p.  31,  recurva  p.  32. 

Epiptera  p.  42 ;  brittoni  p.  46,  f lo- 
ridae  p.  45,  pallida  p.  45,  opaca 
p.  43,  septentrionalis  p.  43,  slos- 
soni  p.  42,  variegata  p.  44. 

Fitchiella  robertsoni  p.  87. 
Flatoides  p.  116;  concisus  p.  118, 

maculosus  p.  117,  punctatus  p. 

116. 

Hysteropterum  punctiferum  p. 
103. 

Monopsis  tabida  p.  85. 
Monorachis  sordulentus  p.  66. 

Myndus  p.  75;  delicatus  p.  80, 
enotatus  77,  lunatus  p.  81,  pic- 
tifrons  p.  79,  pusillus  p.  78, 
sordidipennis  p.  80,  slossoni  p. 
76. 

Mysidia  mississippiensis  p.  146. 
Neurotmeta  sponsa  p.  85. 

Oecleus  p.  73;  borealis  p.  73, 
campestris  p.  75;  decens  p.  74. 

Oliarus  p.  57;  difficilis  p.  64; 
franciscanus  p.  61;  humilis  p. 
60,  montanus  p.  64,  placitus  p. 
62,  quinquelineatus  p.  61,  slos- 
soni p.  59,  vicarius  62,  vitreus 
p.  65. 


147 


Alphebetical  Index  to  the  Genera  and  Species — Continued 


Ormenis  p.  112;  pruinosa  p.  112; 
rufifascia  p.  114,  septentrion- 
alis  p.  114,  venusta  p.  115. 

Otiocerus  p.  129,  abbotii  p.  137, 
amyotii  p.  134,  ballii  136, 
coquerbertii  p.  134,  degeerii  p. 
134,  francilloni  p.  134,  kirbyii 
p.  137,  reaumurii  p.  138, 
schellenbergii  p.  131,  signoretii 
p.  138,  stollii  p.  133,  wolfii  p. 
135. 

Patara  vanduzeei  p.  122. 


Pelitropis  rotulata  p.  84. 

Phyllosceli's  p.  39,  atra  p.  39, 
pallescens  p.  41. 

Poblicia  fuliginosa  p.  28. 

Scolops  p.  34,  angustatus  p. 
38,  dessicatus  p.  37,  parvulus 
p.  38,  perdix  p.  36,  spurcus  p. 
36,  sulcipes  p.  35. 

Thionia  p.  104,  bullata  p.  104, 
elliptica  p.  106,  quinquata  p. 
107,  simplex  p.  105. 


148 


GLOSSARY  OF  TERMS  USED 


Anterior:       In  front  of;  before. 

Apex:       That  point  furtherest  removed  from  the  base. 

Apical:     At,  near,  or  pertaining  to  the  apex;  usually  of  the  wing. 

Areole:     The  cells  of  the  tegmina  or  elytra  and  underwings. 

Arcuate:     Bow-shaped;  curved  like  a  bowrzarquate. 

Callosities:  Thick  swollen  lumps,  harder  than  its  srroundings;  also 
a  rather  flattened  elevation  not  necessarily  harder  than  the  sur- 
rounding tissue=callous;  usuaUy  occurring  on  the  metopidium  in 
the  Membracidae. 

Carina-ae:     An  elevated  ridge  or  keel,  not  necessarily  high  or  acute. 

Carinate:     Having  carinae;  keeled. 

Castaneous:     Chestnut  brown;  bright  red-brown. 

Cell:     Any  space  between  or  bounded  by  veins. 

Clavate:    Club-shaped,  thickened  at  tip. 

Clypeus:  That  portion  of  the  head  before  or  below  the  front,  to 
which  the  labrum  is  attached  anteriorly.  Morphologically,  the 
labrum. 

Coriaceous:     Thick,  tough,  leather-like. 

Commissural :     Connecting. 

Convergent:     Approaching  or  drawing  together. 

Convex:  Opposed  to  concave;  the  outer  curved  surface  of  the  pro- 
thorax. 

Costa:  The  thickened  anterior  margin  of  any  wing,  but  usually  the 
elytra  or  primaries. 

Costal  Area:     The  area  behind  the  costal  vein. 

Costal  Vein:  Vein  running  close  to  and  parallel  with  the  costal  or 
outer  margin,  extending  from  base  to  the  margin  before  the  apex. 

Deflected:     Abruptly  bent  downwards. 

Dilated:     Expanded,  widened,  or  enlarged. 

Disk:     (disc)     The  central  upper  surface  of  any  part;  the  central  area. 

Discal  Area:  Relating  to  the  disc  of  any  surface  or  structure, 
meaning  the  more  central  portion. 

Dorsal:     Of  or  belonging  to  the  upper  surface. 

Dorsum:     The  upper  surface. 

Ecology:  The  science  of  the  interrelation  of  organisms  to  each  other 
and  to  their  surroundings. 

Elytron:     Singular  of  elytra;  wing  covers. 

Exterior :    The  outside. 

Ferruginous:     Rusty  red-brown. 

Flavous:     Yellow,  approaching  sulphur. 

149 


Glossary  of  Terms  Used — Continued 

Foliate:     Leaf-like  or  resembling  a  leaf. 
Foliaceous:     Leaf -like  or  resembling  a  leaf. 

Front — (Frons) :  The  anterior  portion  of  the  head  between  base  of 
antennae  and  below  the  ocelli;  in  systematic  papers  and  morpholog- 
ically considered  the  clypeus  the  vertical  median  area  of  the  face. 

Fuscous:     Dark  brown,  running  into  black. 

Gena-ae:  The  cheeks;  includes  that  portion  of  the  head  on  each  side 
below  the  eyes,  and  extends  to  the  gular  suture. 

Genital  Styles:  The  paired  claspers  within  the  aperture  of  the 
pygofers  and  are  variable  in  shape. 

Haplotype:     A  type  by  single  reference. 

Hinge:     Point  of  articulation  of  the  elytral  base  with  the  thorax. 

Hirsute:     Hairy;  clothed  with  long,  strong  hair. 

Humerus:     The  shoulder. 

Hyaline:     Transparent  or  partially  so,  usually  iridescent. 

Impunctate:     Without  impressed  points  or  punctures. 

Inermis:     Unarmed;  without  spines  or  spurs. 

Inferior:     Beneath,  below  or  behind;  a  term  of  position. 

Infumed:     Clouded. 

Instar:     The  period  or  stage  between  molts  of  the  nymph  or  larva, 

numbered  to  designate  the  various  stages. 
Inter:     Between,  among. 
Intra:     Within. 

Interstice:     Space  between  two  veins. 
Iridescent:     Reflecting  the  prismatic  hues. 
Irrorate:     Marked  with  minute  points;  freckled. 
Logotype:     A  type  by  subsequent  designation. 
Lora-ae:     Those  veins  nearest  the  clavus  are  known  as  ulnar  veins; 

those  nearest  the  costa  as  radial. 
Median:     Referring  to  the  middle. 
Metopidium:     The    anterior    declivous    surface    of    prothorax    in   the 

Membracidae. 
Nervation:     Venation. 
Nervures:     Veins. 
Neuration:     Venation  or  nervation. 
Notched:     Indented,  cut  or  nicked. 
Nymph:     The  young  or  larval  stage. 

Oblique:     Any  direction  between  perpendicular  and  horizontal. 
Ocelli:     Simple  eyes. 

Orthotype:     A  type  by  original  designation. 

150 


Glossary  of  Terms  Used — Continued 

Ovipositor:  Female  organ  for  egg  deposition — in  simplest  form  con- 
sists -of  two  ventral  valves,  which  on  being  spread  apart,  expose 
the  two  inner  valves. 

Paratype:  Is  every  specimen  of  the  series  from  which  the  type  was 
selected. 

Pellucid:     Colorless  or  colored,  but  transparent. 

Penis:  Male  genital  organ,  when  visible  projects  ventral  from  below 
the  lower  margin  of  the  anal  tube. 

Penultimate:     Next  to  or  preceding  the  last. 

Percurrent:     Running  thru  the  entire  length. 

Periphery:  The  circumference  or  outer  margin;  the  outline,  or  con- 
tour. 

Plates  (Genital  Plates):  Two  long,  somewhat  rectangular  pieces, 
which  cover  the  penis  and  penis  guides;  vary  considerably  in 
size  and  shape. 

Pleura-ae:  The  lateral  sclerites  between  the  dorsal  and  sternal  por- 
tion of  thorax;  in  general,  the  sides  of  the  body  between  the 
dorsum  and  sternum. 

Posterior:     Behind,  hindermost,   coming  after. 

Posterior  Process:  The  long  drawn-out  point  or  tip  of  the  prothorax, 
a  term  much  employed  in  the  Membracidae. 

Pronotum:     The  upper  or  dorsal  part  of  the  prothorax. 

Prothorax:  The  first  thoracic  ring  or  segment,  which  bears  the 
anterior  pair  of  legs,  but  no  wings. 

Pruinose:     As  if  covered  with  a  fine  dust  or  frost;  powdery;  hoary. 

Pseudotype:     An  erroneous  type  designation. 

Pubescent:     Downy;  clothed  with  soft,  short,  fine,  closely  set  hair. 

Punctate:     With  impressed  points  or  punctures. 

Pygofer:  The  last  dorsal  segment  of  abdomen,  especially  the  lateral 
margins  which  appear  in  a  ventral  view. 

Scutellum:  The  third  dorsal  sclerite  of  the  meso — and  meta — thorax; 
the  triangular  piece  between  the  elytra  at  their  base. 

Sectors:  The  main  longitudinal  veins,  usually  running  thru  to  the 
apex  or  apical  margin,  two  or  three  in  number  and  known  as  the 
1st,  2nd  and  3rd  sectors,  the  1st  being  the  vein  nearest  the  costa. 

Seta-ae:     A  long  stiff  bristle  or  hair. 

Setose-ous:     Bristly  or  set  with  bristles. 

Sinuous:     Wavy;  curved  in  and  out;  undulating. 

Species:  An  aggregation  of  individuals  alike  in  appearance  and 
structure,  which  mate  with  each  other  and  reproduce  themselves 
successfuly  in  continued  generations. 

Sternum:  The  breast;  the  middle  portion  of  the  under  surface  of 
thorax  between  the  coxal  cavities. 

151 


Glossary  of  Terms  Used — Continued 

Stigmatal  Area:  Portion  of  the  costal  margin  of  a  wing,  usually  at 
the  end  of  the  radius  and  marked  by  opacity,  thickening  or  extra 
veined,  frequently  called  the  nodal  veins. 

Stria-ae:     Longitudinal  or  transverse  depressed  line  or  furrow. 

Striate:     Marked  with  parallel,  fine,  impressed  lines. 

Style:     Process  at  end  of  abdomen. 

Sub:     Nearly  or  in  a  slight  degree;  under  or  beneath. 

Subcostal:     Beneath  or  below  the  costa. 

Sulcus:     A  furrow  or  groove. 

Supra:     Over;  above. 

Supra-humeral:     Over  or  above  the  shoulders. 

Superior:     Above,  upper,  or  in  front  of;  a  term  of  position. 

Suture:     A  seam  or  impressed  line. 

Symbiosis:  Used  where  two  kinds  of  animals  or  plants  live  together, 
true  symbiosis  being  where  both  parties  to  the  relation  benefit. 

Tarsus-i:     The  foot. 

Tawny:  A  brownish  yellow,  like  the  color  of  a  tanned  hide;  may 
approach  reddish-brown,  tho  paler. 

Tectiform:     Concealed;   covered. 

Tegmina:     The  wing  covers,  attached  to  the  mesothorax. 

Testaceous:     Dull  yellowish  brown. 

Tortuose:     Snake-like;  irregularly  curved  and  bent. 

Truncate:     Cut  off  squarely  at  tip. 

Tuberculate:     With  tubercles,  pimples  or  chitinous  buttons. 

Type:  A  unique  or  single  specimen  selected  from  a  series  .and 
labeled  by  the  describer  to  represent  his  name  and  description; 
where  both  male  and  female  are  described,  the  first  specimen 
described  is  designated  as  the  holotype  and  the  opposite  sex  as 
the  allotype,  the  remainder  of  the  series  as  paratypes. 

Ultimate:     Last  or  final. 

Undulate:     Wavy;  curved  in  and  out;  sinuous. 

Valve:  A  small  transverse  or  generally  triangular  piece  behind  the 
last  full  ventral  segment,  at  base  of  plates  in  male  Homoptera. 

Variety:  Any  departure  from  the  normal  type  of  a  species  which, 
while  retaining  the  specific  characters,  is  yet  recognizably  differ- 
ent because  of  climatic,  seasonal,  and  other  influences;  may  occur 
with  the  type  form  or  as  a  geographical  race;  based  principally 
on  differences  in  coloration  more  than  in  structural  ones. 

Venation:  The  system  of  chitinous  frame-work  supporting  the  wings 
and  covers;  system  of  veins;  nervation. 

Ventral:     Of  or  belonging  to  the  lower  or  under  surface. 

Vitreous:     Glassy,   transparent. 

Vitta:     A  stripe  or  band. 

Vittate:     Striped  or  banded. 

Wings:     The  underwings  or  secondaries. 

Wing  Covers:     The  elytra  or  tegmina. 

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